scholarly journals Factors Affecting Married, Monogamous Women’s Risk of HIV Infection in India: Traditional Gender Roles and Husbands’ High-Risk Sexual Behaviours

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Kelly AA Leslie
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Sexual Behaviours

scholarly journals What explains gender inequality in HIV infection among high-risk people? A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition

2022 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Sajadipour ◽  
Satar Rezaei ◽  
Seyed Fahim Irandoost ◽  
Mohammadreza Ghaumzadeh ◽  
Mohamadreza Salmani nadushan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Unsafe Sex ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Oaxaca Decomposition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Explanatory Factors

Abstract Background Despite clear evidence on role of gender in vulnerability and exposure to HIV infection, information on gender-related inequalities in HIV and related factors are rarely documented. The aim of this study was to measure gender inequality in HIV infection and its determinates in Tehran city, the capital of Iran. Methods The study used the data of 20,156 medical records of high-risk people who were admitted to Imam Khomeini Voluntary Counseling and Testing site in Tehran from 2004 to 2018. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition was used to quantify the contribution of explanatory variables to the gap in the prevalence of HIV infection between female and male. Results The age-adjusted proportion of HIV infection was 9.45% (95%Cl: 9.02, 9.87). The absolute gap in the prevalence of HIV infection between male and female was 4.50% (95% CI: − 5.33, − 3.70%). The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition indicated that most explanatory factors affecting the differences in HIV infection were job exposure, drug abuse, history of imprisonment, injection drug, heterosexual unsafe sex, and having an HIV-positive spouse. Conclusion The results can provide evidence for health policymakers to better planning and conducting gender-based preventive and screening programs. Policies aiming at promoting HIV preventive behaviors among male may reduce the gap in HIV infection between female and male in Iran.

Geosocial networking app use is correlated with increased high-risk sexual behaviors and prevalence of HIV among Chinese men who have sex with men university students: A mixed offline and online cross-sectional survey (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Li ◽  
Sequoia I Leuba ◽  
Weiming Tang ◽  
Yangyang Gao ◽  
Erlei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Geosocial Networking ◽  
Sex With Men

BACKGROUND The HIV infection prevalence is increasing rapidly among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) university students, and there is limited research on the association of mobile geosocial networking (GSN) apps use and HIV-related high-risk sexual behaviour and HIV prevalence among MSM university students. OBJECTIVE To provide evidence for tailored HIV intervention programs we conducted this study to examine the association between use of GSN apps and HIV-related behaviors and HIV prevalence among Chinese MSM attending university. METHODS Chinese MSM university students were recruited using mixed recruitment methods from 2017 to 2019. Data on sociodemographic, sexual behaviours, use of GSN apps, and eligibility for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was collected. Participants were tested for HIV and syphilis, and positive cases were confirmed by laboratory testing. RESULTS We recruited 771 MSM university students: 76.3% (n=588) online and 23.7% (n=183) offline. Among all participants, the HIV prevalence was 3.5% (n=27), and 67.4% (n=520) were eligible for PrEP. GSN app users (81.2%, n=626) vs. GSN app nonusers (18.8%, n=145) were more likely to have used recreational drugs, have multiple male sexual partners, have casual sex, and have been tested for HIV in the past six months (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, residence, education, and recruitment method, GSN app users had an increased odds of HIV infection compared to GSN app nonusers (aOR=8.1 [95% CI: 1.05, 62.33]). CONCLUSIONS MSM university students who used GSN apps more frequently engaged in HIV-related high-risk sexual behaviours and had a higher prevalence of HIV infection compared to GSN app nonusers. GSN app platforms can reach Chinese MSM university students and should be used to promote HIV testing and implement sexual behavioural risk reduction interventions or PrEP.

scholarly journals High risk sexual behaviours associated with traditional beliefs about gender roles among men interested in medical male circumcision in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candice M. Chetty-Makkan ◽  
Jonathan M. Grund ◽  
Evans Muchiri ◽  
Matt A. Price ◽  
Mary H. Latka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
High Risk Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Risk Sexual Behaviour

Abstract Background Beliefs about gender roles and high-risk sexual behaviours underlie the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in South Africa. Yet, there is limited information on the relationships between beliefs about gender roles and risky sexual behaviours. Few studies have explored the association between beliefs about gender roles, high risk sexual behaviour, and health-seeking behaviour among men. Methods We investigated associations between gender beliefs (dichotomised as traditional or progressive) and high-risk sexual behaviour among South African men presenting for medical male circumcision (Apr 2014 to Nov 2015). Results Of 2792 enrolled men, 47.4% reported traditional gender beliefs. Participant ages ranged between 18–46 years (median age 26 years; interquartile range, 21–31 years). Most participants had at least one sex partner over the last 12 months (68.2%). Younger men (18–24 years old vs. 25–46 years old) (odds ratio [OR], 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–2.0]), those with multiple partners ([OR], 1.5 (CI) 1.3–1.8]) and participants unsure of their last partner’s HIV status (OR, 1.4 [95% CI 1.1–1.7]) were more likely to have traditional beliefs on gender roles. Conclusion Young men with traditional beliefs on gender roles may be more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviour and could be good candidates for HIV prevention programmes. N = 206 (max 350) Trial registration Name of registry: Clinicaltrials.gov; Trial registration number: NCT02352961; Date of registration: 30 January 2015 “Retrospectively registered”; URL of trial registry record: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/

Runaway Teens at High Risk of HIV Infection

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Booth ◽  
◽  
Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection

Profaning Jewish Mores in Chochana Boukhobza's Un été à Jérusalem

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Arenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The City ◽  
Traditional Roles

As a transnational Israeli writer, Chochana Boukhobza delves into the complex problem of crossing borders in Un été à Jérusalem (1986), a text which focuses on the unnamed protagonist's trip from Paris to visit her family during the summer months in Jerusalem. Although the narrator had resided in Israel previously, she is forced to grapple with her ‘Otherness’ in Jerusalem, especially as a Jew originally from Tunisia. The narrator's crisis of exile is defined by her sense of disconnection to her family, the city, Israeli politics, and women's traditional roles. In this essay, particular emphasis will be placed on the protagonist's penchant for profaning Jewish cultural and religious practices, which is articulated through a series of corporeal transgressions. To launch this revolt against the patriarchal structure of the nation in Israel, the narrator rejects the submissive role assigned to Jewish-Tunisian women, and, in so doing, dismantles traditional gender roles.

Material World: Gender and the Bible in Evangelical Purity Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Moslener
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young People ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Material World ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Bible

For evangelical adolescents living in the United States, the material world of commerce and sexuality is fraught with danger. Contemporary movements urge young people to embrace sexual purity and abstinence before marriage and eschew the secular pressures of modern life. And yet, the sacred text that is used to authorize these teachings betrays evangelicals’ long-standing ability to embrace the material world for spiritual purposes. Bibles marketed to teenage girls, including those produced by and for sexual purity campaigns, make use of prevailing trends in bible marketing. By packaging the message of sexual purity and traditional gender roles into a sleek modern day apparatus, American evangelicals present female sexual restraint as the avant-garde of contemporary, evangelical orthodoxy.

scholarly journals Use of multiple recreational drugs is associated with new HIV infections among men who have sex with men in China: a multicenter cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Mao ◽  
Sequoia I. Leuba ◽  
Qinghai Hu ◽  
Hongjing Yan ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

Abstract Background There is limited information about the types of recreational drugs used by men who have sex with men (MSM) in China or the consequent impact on sexual health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Methods We recruited MSM from seven cities in China between 2012 and 2013 using multiple approaches including advertisements on gay websites, collaborating with local MSM community-based organizations, peer referrals, and venues such as gay bars and bathrooms visited by MSM. We divided participants into four subgroups based on the number of recreational drugs (RDs) used in the previous 6 months. We defined use of multiple RDs as use of ≥2 types of RDs. Demographics and HIV-related high-risk behaviors were collected, and blood samples were tested for recent HIV infection by the HIV-1 subtypes B, E, and D immunoglobulin G capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). We used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographics to determine the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the subgroups of RD use for recent or established HIV infection. Results A total of 4496 Chinese MSM participated; 28.4% used RDs, and 5% used multiple types of RDs. The prevalence of each RD use was as follows: poppers (25.9%), ecstasy (2.4%), ketamine (1.2%), amphetamine (0.6%), tramadol (0.4%), methamphetamine (3.8%), and codeine (1.9%). Users of multiple RDs commonly used poppers combined with one or more other types of RDs. Multiple RD users were likely to be aged 26–30 years (vs. 18–25 and > 30 years), live in non-local cities (vs. local cities), never married (vs. married), have a high monthly income (vs. no income and 1–599 USD), use versatile positions during anal intercourse (vs. top or bottom), and have inadequate HIV-related prevention knowledge (vs. adequate). As the number of RDs used in the previous 6 months increased, the prevalence of HIV-related high-risk behaviors increased (P < 0.05 for all). The odds of recent HIV infection were higher among those who used one type (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5–3.0) or two types of RD (aOR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.2) in the previous 6 months compared to the odds among those who did not use RDs. Conclusion The level and pattern of multiple RD use among Chinese MSM were different from high-income countries. MSM who used more RDs are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors, and these behaviors may be associated with increases in new HIV infections.

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