Runaway Teens at High Risk of HIV Infection

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Booth ◽  
◽  
Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection

scholarly journals Use of multiple recreational drugs is associated with new HIV infections among men who have sex with men in China: a multicenter cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Mao ◽  
Sequoia I. Leuba ◽  
Qinghai Hu ◽  
Hongjing Yan ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Recreational Drugs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

Abstract Background There is limited information about the types of recreational drugs used by men who have sex with men (MSM) in China or the consequent impact on sexual health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Methods We recruited MSM from seven cities in China between 2012 and 2013 using multiple approaches including advertisements on gay websites, collaborating with local MSM community-based organizations, peer referrals, and venues such as gay bars and bathrooms visited by MSM. We divided participants into four subgroups based on the number of recreational drugs (RDs) used in the previous 6 months. We defined use of multiple RDs as use of ≥2 types of RDs. Demographics and HIV-related high-risk behaviors were collected, and blood samples were tested for recent HIV infection by the HIV-1 subtypes B, E, and D immunoglobulin G capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). We used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographics to determine the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the subgroups of RD use for recent or established HIV infection. Results A total of 4496 Chinese MSM participated; 28.4% used RDs, and 5% used multiple types of RDs. The prevalence of each RD use was as follows: poppers (25.9%), ecstasy (2.4%), ketamine (1.2%), amphetamine (0.6%), tramadol (0.4%), methamphetamine (3.8%), and codeine (1.9%). Users of multiple RDs commonly used poppers combined with one or more other types of RDs. Multiple RD users were likely to be aged 26–30 years (vs. 18–25 and > 30 years), live in non-local cities (vs. local cities), never married (vs. married), have a high monthly income (vs. no income and 1–599 USD), use versatile positions during anal intercourse (vs. top or bottom), and have inadequate HIV-related prevention knowledge (vs. adequate). As the number of RDs used in the previous 6 months increased, the prevalence of HIV-related high-risk behaviors increased (P < 0.05 for all). The odds of recent HIV infection were higher among those who used one type (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.5–3.0) or two types of RD (aOR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.2) in the previous 6 months compared to the odds among those who did not use RDs. Conclusion The level and pattern of multiple RD use among Chinese MSM were different from high-income countries. MSM who used more RDs are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors, and these behaviors may be associated with increases in new HIV infections.

scholarly journals COVID-19 restrictions and changing sexual behaviours in HIV-negative MSM at high risk of HIV infection in London, UK

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054768
Author(s):  
Iain Hyndman ◽  
Diarmuid Nugent ◽  
Gary George Whitlock ◽  
Alan McOwan ◽  
Nicolò Girometti
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions have affected attendance to and delivery of UK sexual healthcare services (SHS). We surveyed the impact on sexual behaviour of men having sex with men (MSM) to inform future SHS provision.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based survey among HIV-negative MSM at high risk of HIV infection who attended 56 Dean Street, a sexual health and HIV clinic. The survey was conducted over a 7-day period in August 2020. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behaviour and related mental well-being experienced during lockdown (defined as 23 March–30 June 2020) were extracted. Categorical and non-categorical variables were compared according to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use.Results814 MSM completed the questionnaire: 75% were PrEP users; 76% reported they have been sexually active, of which 76% reported sex outside their household. 75% reported fewer partners than prior to lockdown. Isolation/loneliness (48%) and anxiety/stress (27%) triggered sexual activity, and 73% had discussed COVID-19 transmission risks with their sexual partners. While 46% reported no change to emotions ordinarily experienced following sex, 20% reported guilt for breaching COVID-19 restrictions. 76% implemented one or more changes to their sexual behaviour, while 58% applied one or more steps to reduce COVID-19 transmission during sex. 36% accessed SHS and 30% reported difficulties in accessing testing/treatment. Of those who accessed SHS, 28% reported an STI diagnosis. PrEP users reported higher partner number, engagement in ‘chemsex’ and use of SHS than non-PrEP users.ConclusionsCOVID-19 restrictions had a considerable impact on sexual behaviour and mental well-being in our survey respondents. High rates of sexual activity and STI diagnoses were reported during lockdown. Changes to SHS provision for MSM must respond to high rates of psychological and STI-related morbidity and the challenges faced by this population in accessing services.

scholarly journals Association of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis With Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Individuals at High Risk of HIV Infection

JAMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 321 (14) ◽  
pp. 1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Traeger ◽  
Vincent J. Cornelisse ◽  
Jason Asselin ◽  
Brian Price ◽  
Norman J. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis

Validation of measures of condom and other contraceptive use among women at high risk for HIV infection and unitended pregnancy.

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 570-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Galavotti ◽  
Rebecca J. Cabral ◽  
Amy Lansky ◽  
Diane M. Grimley ◽  
Gabrielle E. Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Contraceptive Use

Douching Practices Among Women at High Risk of HIV Infection in the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERYL A. KOBLIN ◽  
KENNETH MAYER ◽  
ANTHONY MWATHA ◽  
PAMELA BROWN-PETERSIDE ◽  
RENEE HOLT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
The United States

Abstract P200: Elevated Triacylglycerols and Diacylglycerols Had Association With Increased Carotid Arterial Stiffness, Independent of Cvd Risk Factors, in Women With or at High Risk of HIV Infection

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Quispe ◽  
Simin Hua ◽  
Clary Clish ◽  
Justin Scott ◽  
Amy Deik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Nonpolar Lipid ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Arterial Distensibility ◽  
Carotid Stiffness ◽  
Carotid Arterial

Background: Metabolomics has provided new insights into mechanistic knowledge of CVD. However, this approach has limited use for studying arterial disease in high-risk women with and without HIV infection. Methods: Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we profiled plasma levels of 114 cationic polar and 211 nonpolar lipid metabolites among 411 women (72% HIV+; 60% Black and 31% Hispanic) aged 35-50 from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Carotid arterial distensibility, a direct measure of carotid stiffness, was calculated from ultrasound measurements of the right common carotid artery diameter at systole and diastole and brachial artery pulse pressure measured. We performed partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to identify metabolite clusters associated with carotid stiffness (lowest vs. the other 3 quartiles of distensibility index). We used multivariate linear regression models to examine associations of individual metabolites with the distensibility index. Results: PLS-DA identified two major metabolite clusters associated with carotid stiffness. In the lipid metabolite cluster, triacylglycerols (TAGs 52:3, 52:4, 54:4), diacylglycerols (DAGs 36:2, 36:3) and sphingomyelins (16:1, 18:1, 18:2) were associated with decreased distensibility, while lysophosphatidylcholines (18:2, 20:5) were associated with increased distensibility. In the cationic polar metabolite cluster, urate, C4-OH carnitine, C5-DC carnitine, pseudouridine and 1-methyladenosine were associated with decreased distensibility. The associations of TAGs 52:3, 52:4, 54:4 and DAG 36:3 with carotid stiffness remained significant after further adjustment for conventional CVD risk factors ( Table ). No interaction by HIV infection was found. Conclusions: Among women with or at risk of HIV infection from predominantly race-ethnic minority groups, plasma TAGs and DAG of higher carbon number and double bond content are associated with carotid stiffness independent of conventional CVD risk factors.

Situational and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Children Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus From Pediatric Sexual Abuse

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
George A. Gellert ◽  
Michael J. Durfee ◽  
Carol D. Berkowitz ◽  
Kathleen V. Higgins ◽  
Vincent C. Tubiolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antibody Testing ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

This study assessed the situational and sociodemographic characteristics of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from pediatric sexual abuse. A letter of inquiry was sent to 2147 professionals across health and social service disciplines involved with child abuse assessment, treatment, and prevention. Respondents working in programs where HIV antibody testing of abuse victims occurs and who had identified HIV infection in one or more abused children were sent a survey to assess the demographics of victims, the family/living situation where abuse occurred, alternative risks for HIV infection, bases for diagnosis of sexual abuse and for HIV antibody testing, and profiles of the perpetrator and type of abuse. Of 5622 estimated HIV antibody tests conducted during 113 198 sex abuse assessments, 28 children were infected with HIV and lacked any alternative transmission route to that of sexual abuse. A total of 41 HIV-infected children with a history of sexual abuse were identified. Thirteen cases had alternative risk factors and were excluded from analysis. Sixty-four percent of the 28 victims with sexual abuse as the sole risk factor were female and 71% were African-American. The mean age was 9 years. Coinfection with another sexually transmitted disease (STD) occurred in 9 (33%) cases. Sexual abuse was diagnosed on the basis of a victim disclosure in 21 (75%) cases. The basis for HIV antibody testing was physical findings suggestive of HIV infection in 9 (32%) cases, HIV-seropositive or high-risk perpetrator in 6 (21%) and 2 (7%) cases, respectively, and the presence of another STD in the victim in 4 (14%) cases. Perpetrators were a child's parent in 10 (42%) cases and another relative in 6 (25%) cases. Perpetrators had behavioral risk factors for or signs/symptoms of HIV infection in 14 (58%) cases. The serostatus of perpetrators was known at time of abuse assessment in 16 (67%) cases and all were seropositive. Duration and form of abusive acts were variable, with 3 victims reporting a single episode and 13 (68%) reporting 6 or more episodes. Penile vaginal and/or rectal penetration was reported in only 50% of cases. It is concluded that sexual abuse must be considered as a potential, although infrequent, mode of transmission of HIV infection in children. Children who have been abused should be evaluated selectively for HIV infection particularly if the perpetrator is known to be HIV seropositive or engages in HIV high-risk behavior, if abuse occurred in a geographic area of high disease prevalence, and if the child has symptoms of HIV infection or another STD. Children who are found to be HIV infected and lack risk factors such as prior transfusion or maternal (perinatal) infection should be assessed for pediatric sexual abuse.

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