scholarly journals Flood Hazard Analysis as Impact of Climate Change on Slum Areas in Palembang, South Sumatera

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Heryana ◽  
Dwi Setyawan ◽  
Budhi Setiawan ◽  
Dadang Hikmah Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Slum Areas

scholarly journals Nonstationary Flood Hazard Analysis in Response to Climate Change and Population Growth

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yan ◽  
Lingqi Li ◽  
Pengtao Yan ◽  
Hongmou He ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Physical Meaning ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Design Flood ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Xijiang River ◽  
Design Life

The predictions of flood hazard over the design life of a hydrological project are of great importance for hydrological engineering design under the changing environment. The concept of a nonstationary flood hazard has been formulated by extending the geometric distribution to account for time-varying exceedance probabilities over the design life of a project. However, to our knowledge, only time covariate is used to estimate the nonstationary flood hazard over the lifespan of a project, which lacks physical meaning and may lead to unreasonable results. In this study, we aim to strengthen the physical meaning of nonstationary flood hazard analysis by investigating the impacts of climate change and population growth. For this purpose, two physical covariates, i.e., rainfall and population, are introduced to improve the characterization of nonstationary frequency over a given design lifespan. The annual maximum flood series of Xijiang River (increasing trend) and Weihe River (decreasing trend) are chosen as illustrations, respectively. The results indicated that: (1) the explanatory power of population and rainfall is better than time covariate in the study areas; (2) the nonstationary models with physical covariates possess more appropriate statistical parameters and thus are able to provide more reasonable estimates of a nonstationary flood hazard; and (3) the confidences intervals of nonstationary design flood can be greatly reduced by employing physical covariates. Therefore, nonstationary flood design and hazard analysis with physical covariates are recommended in changing environments.

scholarly journals The large-scale impact of climate change to Mississippi flood hazard in New Orleans

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. A. Driessen ◽  
M. van Ledden
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
High Flows ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The objective of this paper was to describe the impact of climate change on the Mississippi River flood hazard in the New Orleans area. This city has a unique flood risk management challenge, heavily influenced by climate change, since it faces flood hazards from multiple geographical locations (e.g. Lake Pontchartrain and Mississippi River) and multiple sources (hurricane, river, rainfall). Also the low elevation and significant subsidence rate of the Greater New Orleans area poses a high risk and challenges the water management of this urban area. Its vulnerability to flooding became dramatically apparent during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 with huge economic losses and a large number of casualties. A SOBEK Rural 1DFLOW model was set up to simulate the general hydrodynamics. This model included the two important spillways that are operated during high flow conditions. A weighted multi-criteria calibration procedure was performed to calibrate the model for high flows. Validation for floods in 2011 indicated a reasonable performance for high flows and clearly demonstrated the influence of the spillways. 32 different scenarios were defined which included the relatively large sea level rise and the changing discharge regime that is expected due to climate change. The impact of these scenarios on the water levels near New Orleans were analysed by the hydrodynamic model. Results showed that during high flows New Orleans will not be affected by varying discharge regimes, since the presence of the spillways ensures a constant discharge through the city. In contrary, sea level rise is expected to push water levels upwards. The effect of sea level rise will be noticeable even more than 470 km upstream. Climate change impacts necessitate a more frequent use of the spillways and opening strategies that are based on stages.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Flood Hazard at Airports on Pacific Islands: A Case Study of Faleolo International Airport, Samoa

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-362
Author(s):  
Lianhui Wu ◽  
Kenji Taniguchi ◽  
Yoshimitsu Tajima ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Fringing Reef ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
International Airport ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is believed to have increased the intensity and frequency of heavy rainfall, and also to have caused sea level rises over this century and beyond. There is widespread concern that small-island nations are particularly vulnerable to increasing risk of inland flood due to such climate change. Understanding the impact of climate change on flood hazard is of great importance for these countries for the development of better protection and adaptation strategies. This study conducted a case study focusing on the impact of climate change on flood hazard at Faleolo International Airport (FIA), Samoa. FIA is a typical small islands airport, located on the lowland along the coast fronted by a fringing reef. Annual maximum daily rainfalls for different return periods were first estimated for the present and future climate around FIA. The estimated rainfalls were input as the forcing of a two-dimensional flood inundation model to investigate the flooding behavior and effectiveness of probable drainage systems. Results showed that a part of the runway can be inundated under heavy rainfall. Construction of drainage pipes significantly contributes to reducing the flood hazard level. Sensitivity analysis showed that the astronomical tide level has relatively little influence on the performance of the drainage system, while the combination of sea level rise and the sea level anomaly induced by stormy waves on the fringing reef could have non-negligible impacts on the drainage system. Location of the drainage pipe is also important to effectively mitigate flooding. The time-concentration of torrential rainfall may also significantly impact the overall performance of the drainage system.

scholarly journals The large-scale impact of climate change to Mississippi flood hazard in New Orleans

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-349
Author(s):  
T. L. A. Driessen ◽  
M. van Ledden
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
New Orleans ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
High Flows ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to describe the impact of climate change on the Mississippi River flood hazard in the New Orleans area. This city has a unique flood risk management challenge, heavily influenced by climate change, since it faces flood hazards from multiple geographical locations (e.g. Lake Pontchartrain and Mississippi River) and multiple sources (hurricane, river, rainfall). Also the low elevation and significant subsidence rate of the Greater New Orleans area poses a high risk and challenges the water management of this urban area. Its vulnerability to flooding became dramatically apparent during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 with huge economic losses and a large number of casualties. A SOBEK Rural 1DFLOW model was set up to simulate the general hydrodynamics. This improved model includes two important spillways that are operated during high flow conditions. Subsequently, a weighted multi-criteria calibration procedure was performed to calibrate the model for high flows. Validation for floods in 2011 indicates a very reasonable performance for high flows and clearly demonstrates the necessity of the spillways. 32 different scenarios are defined which includes the relatively large sea level rise and the changing discharge regime that is expected due to climate change. The impact of these scenarios is analysed by the hydrodynamic model. Results show that during high flows New Orleans will not be affected by varying discharge regimes, since the presence of the spillways ensures a constant discharge through the city. In contrary, sea level rise is expected to push water levels upwards. The effect of sea level rise will be noticeable even more than 470 km upstream. Climate change impacts necessitate a more frequent use of the spillways and opening strategies that are based on stages. Potential alternatives on how to cope with the flood hazard of this river in the long term, such as river widening and large-scale redistribution of the flow through diversions, are proposed.

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