scholarly journals Pretreatment of Marasmius sp. on Biopulping of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendro Risdianto ◽  
Susi Sugesty
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

White rot fungi have an ability to degrade lignin by employing lignin-degrading enzymes i.e Lignin Peroxidase, Manganese Peroxidase and Laccase. Therefore, the fungi can be utilized on the pretreatment of biomass in pulp making (biopulping) and biobleaching. In this study, the pretreatment using White Rot Fungi of Marasmius sp. has been conducted on the the Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFBs). Marasmius sp. has been grown on EFBs for 30 days. The results showed that the lignin content could be removed by 35.94%. However, cellulose and hemicelluloses relatively did not show any changes in the EFBs. From the pulping process, the pretreatment exhibited the Kappa Number of 31.10. Compared to no pretreatment of white rot fungi, the Kappa Number obtained was 38.63. This result demonstrated a promising process for a green pulp making.

scholarly journals Characteristic of oil palm empty fruit bunch pretreated with Pleurotus floridanus (Pretreatment biologi tandan kosong kelapa sawit menggunakan Pleurotus floridanus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. ISROI
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Biological Pretreatment ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Pleurotus Floridanus

Pleurotus floridanus have ability on lignin degradation by producing ligninolytic enzyme and prefer to degrade lignin than carbohydrate (hemicellulose and cellulose). Oil palm empty fruit bunches has been pretreated using P. floridanus.  Addition of cation (Cu2+) on biological pretreatment reduced lignin content and increased digestibility of the empty fruit bunches. P. floridanus reduce lignin and hemicellulose content from 23.9% to 10.1% and from 20.8% to 16.9%, respectively. P. floridanus did not degrade cellulose. Cellulose content of empty fruit bunches increase from 40.4% to 51.7%. Crystallinity of empty fruit bunches reduced after biological pretreatment. Crystallinity presented as LOI (lateral order index) of un-treated and biological pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunches are 2.08 and 1.44. Digestibility of the empty fruit bunches increased from 17.2% to 60.3% by biological pretreatment.[Key words:  biological pretreatment, oil palm empty fruit bunches, Pleurotus floridanus, biofuel, white-rot fungi, lignocellulose]AbstrakPleurotus floridanus memiliki kemampuan untuk mendegradasi lignin dengan memproduksi enzim ligninolitik dan lebih memilih untuk mendegradasi lignin daripada karbohidrat (hemiselulosa dan selulosa). Kemampuan unik P. floridanus ini dimanfaatkan dalam pretreatment biologi tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Penambahan kation (Cu2+) pada pretreatment biologi menurunkan kandungan lignin dan meningkatkan digestibiliti tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Perlakuan P. floridanus mengurangi kandungan lignin dan hemiselulosa dari 23,9% menjadi 10,1% dan dari 20,8% menjadi 16,9%. Perlakuan P. floridanus tidak menurunkan kandungan selulosa. Kandungan selulosa tandan kosong kelapa sawit meningkat dari 40,4% menjadi 51,7%. Kristalinitas tandan kosong menurun setelah pretreatment biologi. Kristalinitas yang dinyatakan dalam LOI (LOI, Lateral Order Index) adalah 2,08 untuk tandan kosong tanpa pretreatment biologi dan 1,44 untuk tandan kosong dengan pretreatment biologi. Digestibiliti itandan kosong meningkat dari 17,2% menjadi 60,3%.[Kata kunci: Pretreatment biologi, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, jamur pelapuk putih, lignoselulosa, Pleurotus floridanus]

scholarly journals Produksi dan karakterisasi lakase Omphalina sp. Production and characterization of Omphalina sp. laccase

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. SISWANTO ◽  
. SUHARYANTO ◽  
Rossy FITRIA
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Research Result ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

SummaryOmphalina sp. a white-rot fungi (WRF)originated from oil palm plantation has abilityto degrade empty fruit bunches of oil palm(EFBOP) so that it is expected to producelaccase with high activity. The ability ofOmphalina sp. to produce laccase enzyme onliquid fermentation will be studied. The enzymewill also be partially purified andcharacterized. The research result showed thatthe highest enzyme activity (1.162 U/mL) wasobtained using glucose malt yeast (GMY)medium at room temperature for four days.The addition of 2,5-xylidine as an inducerproduced laccase earlier i.e two days, but theactivity of laccase was less active afterprolonged incubation compared to that ofcontrol. The laccase produced on mediumcontaining 2% EFBOP reached optimumactivity as much as 0.38 U/mL after 10 th daysof incubation. Partial purification of laccaseon Sephacryl S-200 HR column resulted58.23% of yield recovery with twice purity thanbefore. The optimum pH of laccase was 4.5.Laccase activity was stable even after heatedon 50 o C for 30 minutes, but then decreasedwhen heated until 60 o C. The laccase has K Mand V max as much as 0.15 mM and 0.56 U/mLrespectively.RingkasanOmphalina sp., adalah fungi pelapuk putih(FPP) hasil isolasi dari kebun kelapa sawityang diketahui mampu mendegradasi tandankosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan cepatsehingga diharapkan mampu menghasilkanlakase dengan aktivitas tinggi. KemampuanOmphalina sp. menghasilkan enzim lakasepada fermentasi cair akan dipelajari. Selain itu,lakase yang dihasilkan akan dimurnikan secaraparsial serta dilakukan karakterisasi pH, suhu,dan konsentrasi substrat optimum. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa Omphalina sp.menghasilkan lakase dengan aktivitas tertinggi(1,162 U/mL) pada medium glucose malt yeast(GMY) yang diinkubasikan pada suhu ruangselama empat hari. Penambahan 2,5-xilidinsebagai induser mempercepat produksi lakaselebih awal yaitu dalam waktu dua hari, namunaktivitasnya masih lebih rendah dibandingkandengan kontrol pada inkubasi lebih lanjut.Lakase dari Omphalina sp. juga dapatdiproduksi pada medium yang mengandung2% TKKS dan aktivitasnya mencapai0,38 U/mL yang diinkubasi dalam suhu ruangselama 10 hari. Pemurnian parsial pada kolomSephacryl S-200 HR menghasilkan rendemensebesar 58,23% dengan kemurnian dua kalinya.Aktivitas lakase optimum pada pH 4,5 dantetap stabil setelah pemanasan selama 30 menitpada suhu ruang hingga 50 o C dan menuruntajam pada suhu 60 o C. Lakase Omphalina sp.menghasilkan nilai K M dan V maks masing-masing sebesar 0,15 mM dan 0,56 U/mL.

scholarly journals Lignin-degrading activity and ligninolytic enzymes of different white-rot fungi: effects of manganese and malonate

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Vares ◽  
Annele Hatakka
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Trametes Hirsuta ◽  
Air Atmosphere ◽  
Trametes Trogii

Ten species of white-rot fungi, mainly belonging to the family Polyporaceae (Basidiomycotina), were studied in terms of their ability to degrade14C-ring labelled synthetic lignin and secrete ligninolytic enzymes in liquid cultures under varying growth conditions. Lignin mineralization by the fungi in an air atmosphere did not exceed 14% within 29 days. Different responses to the elevated Mn2+concentration and the addition of a manganese chelator (sodium malonate) were observed among various fungal species. This could be related with the utilization of either lignin peroxidase (LiP) or manganese peroxidase (MnP) for lignin depolymerization, i.e., some fungi apparently had an LiP-dominating ligninolytic system and others an MnP-dominating ligninolytic system. The LiP isoforms were purified from Trametes gibbosa and Trametes trogii. Isoelectric focusing of purified ligninolytic enzymes revealed the expression of numerous MnP isoforms in Trametes gibbosa, Trametes hirsuta, Trametes trogii, and Abortiporus biennis grown under a high (50-fold) Mn2+level (120 μM) with the addition of the chelator. In addition, two to three laccase isoforms were detected. Key words: white-rot fungi, lignin degradation, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, manganese, malonate.

scholarly journals Induction of Laccase, Lignin Peroxidase and Manganese Peroxidase Activities in White-Rot Fungi Using Copper Complexes

Molecules ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Vrsanska ◽  
Stanislava Voberkova ◽  
Vratislav Langer ◽  
Dagmar Palovcikova ◽  
Amitava Moulick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot

Biodegradation of lignin

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Pulp Bleaching

Lignin is an aromatic polymer forming up to 30% of woody plant tissues, providing rigidity and resistance to biological attack. Because it is insoluble, chemically complex, and lacking in hydrolysable linkages, lignin is a difficult substrate for enzymatic depolymerization. Certain fungi, mostly basidiomycetes, are the only organisms able to extensively biodegrade it; white-rot fungi can completely mineralize lignin, whereas brown-rot fungi merely modify lignin while removing the carbohydrates in wood. Several oxidative and reductive extracellular enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, laccase, and cellobiose:quinone oxidoreductase) have been isolated from ligninolytic fungi; the role of these enzymes in lignin biodegradation is being intensively studied. Enzymatic combustion, a process wherein enzymes generate reactive intermediates, but do not directly control the reactions leading to lignin breakdown, has been proposed as the mechanism of lignin biodegradation. The economic consequences of lignin biodegradation include wood decay and the biogeochemical cycling of woody biomass. Efforts are being made to harness the delignifying abilities of white-rot fungi to aid wood and straw pulping and pulp bleaching. These fungi can also be used to degrade a variety of pollutants in wastewaters and soils, to increase the digestibility of lignocellulosics, and possibly to bioconvert lignins to higher value products. Key words: delignification, white-rot fungi, biobleaching, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, laccase.

Comparison of Gas Chromatography and Mineralization Experiments for Measuring Loss of Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Cultures of White Rot Fungi

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2020-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Beaudette ◽  
Stephen Davies ◽  
Phillip M. Fedorak ◽  
Owen P. Ward ◽  
Michael A. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Bjerkandera Adusta ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Pcb Biodegradation

ABSTRACT Two methods were used to compare the biodegradation of six polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners by 12 white rot fungi. Four fungi were found to be more active than Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725. Biodegradation of the following congeners was monitored by gas chromatography: 2,3-dichlorobiphenyl, 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl, 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyl (2,4′,5-TCB), 2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl. The congener tested for mineralization was 2,4′,5-[U-14C]TCB. Culture supernatants were also assayed for lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase activities. Of the fungi tested, two strains ofBjerkandera adusta (UAMH 8258 and UAMH 7308), one strain ofPleurotus ostreatus (UAMH 7964), and Trametes versicolor UAMH 8272 gave the highest biodegradation and mineralization. P. chrysosporium ATCC 24725, a strain frequently used in studies of PCB degradation, gave the lowest mineralization and biodegradation activities of the 12 fungi reported here. Low but detectable levels of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase activity were present in culture supernatants, but no correlation was observed among any combination of PCB congener biodegradation, mineralization, and lignin peroxidase or manganese peroxidase activity. With the exception of P. chrysosporium, congener loss ranged from 40 to 96%; however, these values varied due to nonspecific congener binding to fungal biomass and glassware. Mineralization was much lower, ≤11%, because it measures a complete oxidation of at least part of the congener molecule but the results were more consistent and therefore more reliable in assessment of PCB biodegradation.

Recombinant manganese peroxidase (rMnP) from Pichia pastoris. Part 1: Kraft pulp delignification

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Xu ◽  
Gary M. Scott ◽  
Fei Jiang ◽  
Christine Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Manganese Peroxidase ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching

AbstractManganese peroxidase (MnP) is the main enzyme implicated in the biobleaching of kraft pulps by white-rot fungi. However, potential commercial applications of this enzyme have been limited by its availability in large quantities. Advances have been made to produce high-yield concentrated recombinant MnP (rMnP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of rMnP to delignify and brighten kraft pulps. The rMnP, produced from the yeastPichia pastoris– in high-cell density and in fed-batch fermentations – was found to be effective in lignin removal in both hardwood and softwood unbleached kraft pulps. The rMnP applied at 30 U g-1pulp for 24 h followed by alkali extraction caused significant kappa number reductions for all the pulps tested with different initial lignin contents and structures. Softwood and hardwood pulps showed similar delignification rates during rMnP treatments. Highly delignified pulps with kappa number less than 10 are less susceptible to delignification by rMnP compared with the pulps with higher lignin content. The rMnP-treated pulp was also shown to be more susceptible to subsequent peroxide bleaching compared with the control pulp. More than 60% of the kappa number reduction was achieved by sequential rMnP treatments combined with alkaline extraction. Sequential treatment with xylanase and rMnP also resulted in more extensive delignification than in each enzyme treatment alone or in the case of simultaneous application of the enzymes.

scholarly journals Produksi dan karakterisasi lakase Omphalina sp. Production and characterization of Omphalina sp. laccase

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. SISWANTO ◽  
. SUHARYANTO ◽  
Rossy FITRIA
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Research Result ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Laccase Enzyme

SummaryOmphalina sp. a white-rot fungi (WRF)originated from oil palm plantation has abilityto degrade empty fruit bunches of oil palm(EFBOP) so that it is expected to producelaccase with high activity. The ability ofOmphalina sp. to produce laccase enzyme onliquid fermentation will be studied. The enzymewill also be partially purified andcharacterized. The research result showed thatthe highest enzyme activity (1.162 U/mL) wasobtained using glucose malt yeast (GMY)medium at room temperature for four days.The addition of 2,5-xylidine as an inducerproduced laccase earlier i.e two days, but theactivity of laccase was less active afterprolonged incubation compared to that ofcontrol. The laccase produced on mediumcontaining 2% EFBOP reached optimumactivity as much as 0.38 U/mL after 10 th daysof incubation. Partial purification of laccaseon Sephacryl S-200 HR column resulted58.23% of yield recovery with twice purity thanbefore. The optimum pH of laccase was 4.5.Laccase activity was stable even after heatedon 50 o C for 30 minutes, but then decreasedwhen heated until 60 o C. The laccase has K Mand V max as much as 0.15 mM and 0.56 U/mLrespectively.RingkasanOmphalina sp., adalah fungi pelapuk putih(FPP) hasil isolasi dari kebun kelapa sawityang diketahui mampu mendegradasi tandankosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dengan cepatsehingga diharapkan mampu menghasilkanlakase dengan aktivitas tinggi. KemampuanOmphalina sp. menghasilkan enzim lakasepada fermentasi cair akan dipelajari. Selain itu,lakase yang dihasilkan akan dimurnikan secaraparsial serta dilakukan karakterisasi pH, suhu,dan konsentrasi substrat optimum. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa Omphalina sp.menghasilkan lakase dengan aktivitas tertinggi(1,162 U/mL) pada medium glucose malt yeast(GMY) yang diinkubasikan pada suhu ruangselama empat hari. Penambahan 2,5-xilidinsebagai induser mempercepat produksi lakaselebih awal yaitu dalam waktu dua hari, namunaktivitasnya masih lebih rendah dibandingkandengan kontrol pada inkubasi lebih lanjut.Lakase dari Omphalina sp. juga dapatdiproduksi pada medium yang mengandung2% TKKS dan aktivitasnya mencapai0,38 U/mL yang diinkubasi dalam suhu ruangselama 10 hari. Pemurnian parsial pada kolomSephacryl S-200 HR menghasilkan rendemensebesar 58,23% dengan kemurnian dua kalinya.Aktivitas lakase optimum pada pH 4,5 dantetap stabil setelah pemanasan selama 30 menitpada suhu ruang hingga 50 o C dan menuruntajam pada suhu 60 o C. Lakase Omphalina sp.menghasilkan nilai K M dan V maks masing-masing sebesar 0,15 mM dan 0,56 U/mL.

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