scholarly journals Impacts of Changes in Exchange Rate and International Prices on Agriculture and Economy of the Sudan: Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Omer Elgaili Elsheikh ◽  
Azharia Abdelbagi Elbushra ◽  
Ali A. A. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
International Prices

<p>Changes in exchange rate and international prices greatly affect food availability, the agricultural sector, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This study quantifies the effects of change in exchange rate and world prices on Sudan’s agricultural production, imports, exports, and GDP. Special emphasis has been placed on sorghum and wheat, the main food grains. A Standard Computable General Equilibrium model has been developed and used for the analysis. The main objective is to contribute to policy-making process for enhancing food security and social welfare in the Sudan<strong>.</strong></p> <p>Currency depreciation would reduce wheat imports and increase its domestic production, increase sorghum export, increase domestic output and export of sesame and cotton, and improves GDP; and vice versa for appreciation. Appreciation favors urban (wheat) consumers, whereas depreciation favors rural (sorghum) consumers.</p> <p>Increasing world price of wheat would decrease its imports, whereas that of sorghum would encourage its production and export, and increase domestic food prices. GDP decreases due to investment reduction<strong>. </strong></p> <p>It is recommended that wheat import should be conditioned on hard currency availability and food gap, while maintaining stable exchange rate that strike a balance between encouraging sorghum exports and wheat imports. It is also recommended to encourage innovation of fast food from traditional grains to curb the shift to wheat consumption.</p>

scholarly journals Tourism Contribution to Poverty Alleviation in Kenya: A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Tchouamou Njoya ◽  
Neelu Seetaram
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis

The aim of this article is to investigate the claim that tourism development can be the engine for poverty reduction in Kenya using a dynamic, microsimulation computable general equilibrium model. The article improves on the common practice in the literature by using the more comprehensive Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index to measure poverty instead of headcount ratios only. Simulations results from previous studies confirm that expansion of the tourism industry will benefit different sectors unevenly and will only marginally improve poverty headcount. This is mainly due to the contraction of the agricultural sector caused the appreciation of the real exchange rates. This article demonstrates that the effect on poverty gap and poverty severity is, nevertheless, significant for both rural and urban areas with higher impact in the urban areas. Tourism expansion enables poorer households to move closer to the poverty line. It is concluded that the tourism industry is pro-poor.

General Equilibrium Analysis of the Effects of Technological Progress for Energy Intensity and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1093-1097
Author(s):  
Ai Jun Li ◽  
Zheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis

This study analyzes the effects of technological progress for energy intensity and energy use related carbon dioxide emissions during urbanization in China by a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. The parameters about technological progress and urbanization are all exogenously given. The impacts of technological progress on economic growth, energy intensity and carbon dioxide emissions during period from 2002 to 2030 are examined. Simulation results show that gradually pushing energy efficiency related technologies through appropriate policy incentives is the key to realize low-carbonized development while promoting economic growth in China.

scholarly journals Estimating the economic impact of large hydropower projects: a dynamic multi-regional computable general equilibrium analysis

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhen Ni ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Xiujian Peng ◽  
Genfa Chen
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Hydropower Development

Abstract In response to rapidly growing energy demands, Chinese authorities plan to invest more in hydropower development. However, there are concerns about the possible effects on macroeconomy. This paper uses SinoTERM, a dynamic multi-regional computable general equilibrium model (CGE) of the Chinese economy, to analyze the economic impact of large hydropower development projects. The model features regional labor market dynamics and an electricity subdivision module with substitutability between various types of electricity generation. The results suggest that hydropower development will boost economic growth in the project region. Most sectors in the project region will benefit from the hydropower development such as other services, health, and education, while some sectors will suffer a loss in output because of the substantial increase in real wages. For the national, every 10,000 yuan investment can drive the national GDP growth of 1,000 yuan, and the cost is expected to be recovered in ten years. By the end of 2040, the real national wage will be around 0.16% higher than the baseline scenario. The project could only be justified if net environmental benefits outweigh this loss.

A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF BORDER ADJUSTMENTS UNDER THE CAP-AND-TRADE SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY OF THE JAPANESE ECONOMY

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250003 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIRO TAKEDA ◽  
HORIE TETSUYA ◽  
TOSHI H. ARIMURA
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Carbon Leakage ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Adjustment Policy ◽  
Border Adjustments ◽  
Border Adjustment

Using a multi-region and multi-sector computable general equilibrium model, this paper evaluates the border adjustment policies of carbon regulations in Japan. We consider five types of border adjustments and examine their effects on the welfare, carbon leakage, and competitiveness of the Japanese energy-intensive trade-exposed (EITE) sectors. Our analysis shows that no single border adjustment policy is superior to the other policies in terms of simultaneously solving three primary issues: Welfare degradation, carbon leakage, and a loss of competitiveness in the EITE sectors. In addition, we show that export border adjustments are effective at restoring the competitiveness of Japanese exporters and reducing leakage. Our analysis also reveals that border adjustment in Japan significantly affects carbon leakage to China and the competitiveness of the iron and steel sectors. Finally, we show that border adjustments with and without consideration of indirect emissions have similar impacts, which indicates that the information regarding direct emissions is sufficient for implementing border adjustment in Japan.

scholarly journals The economic impact of water taxes: a computable general equilibrium analysis with an international data set

Water Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Berrittella ◽  
Katrin Rehdanz ◽  
Roberto Roson ◽  
Richard S. J. Tol
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Welfare Losses

Water is scarce in many countries. One instrument for improving the allocation of a scarce resource is (efficient) pricing or taxation. However, water is implicitly traded on international markets, particularly through food and textiles, so that the impacts of water taxes cannot be studied in isolation, but require an analysis of international trade implications. We include water as a production factor in a multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium model (GTAP), to assess a series of water tax policies. We find that water taxes reduce water use and lead to shifts in production, consumption and international trade patterns. Countries that do not levy water taxes are nonetheless affected by other countries’ taxes. Taxes on agricultural water use drive most of the economic and welfare impacts. Reductions in water use (welfare losses) are less (more) than linear with the price of water. The results are sensitive to the assumed ability to substitute other production factors for water. A water tax on production would have different effects on water use, production and trade patterns and the size and distribution of welfare losses than would a water tax on final consumption.

scholarly journals Reforming Social Welfare in Germany: An Applied General Equilibrium Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Boeters ◽  
Nicole Gürtzgen ◽  
Reinhold Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Applied General Equilibrium ◽  
General Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Employment Effects

Abstract In this paper, the effects of social assistance reform proposals are discussed for the case of Germany using a computable general equilibrium model that incorporates a discrete choice model of labour supply. This allows us to identify general equilibrium effects of the reforms on wages and unemployment. The simulation results show that general equilibrium wage reactions mitigate labour supply effects and that unemployment in fact decreases. Wage reactions are thus sufficiently strong to prevent additional labour supply from translating into higher unemployment. The simulations indicate that major cuts in welfare payments are necessary to produce substantial employment effects.

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