scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Soybean Nodulating Rhizobia Indigenous to Zambia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Rachael Kapembwa ◽  
Alice M. Mweetwa ◽  
Munsanda Ngulube ◽  
Jones Yengwe ◽  
Jones Yengwe
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Alkaline Reaction ◽  
Region I ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol ◽  
Cultivated Soils

<p>Soybean [<em>Glycine max</em> (L.) Merrill] is known for nitrogen fixation by rhizobia present in the soil with which it establishes an efficient symbiosis. In Zambia, current rhizobial inoculants used in soybeans production are based on non-indigenous strains; this creates a need to isolate local strains that can be used for the development of local inoculants for soybeans in Zambian soils. This paper reports the isolation and characterization of rhizobial isolates from virgin and cultivated soils of the three agro-ecological regions of Zambia. Rhizobia were isolated using the Trap Method and characterized using selected morphological and biochemical markers. A total of 61 isolates were isolated on Yeast Extract Mannitol (YEM) agar medium. Isolates varied in colony form, color, margin and texture. From the 61 isolates from the three regions, 87 % were circular, 8 % irregular and 5 % punctuate in form with 100 % convex elevation. The isolates had 88% entire, 10% undulate and 2 % lobate colony margins with different colors – 56 % cream, 24 % white, 11 % yellow, 5 % transparent and 3 % pink. Transparent colonies were peculiar to Region I and III while pink colonies were peculiar to Region III. All isolates produced mucous, were gram negative and rod shaped, a characteristic of rhizobial cells. None of the isolates could tolerate extremes of pH (4 and 9) in growth medium but grew well at pH 6.8. All isolates utilized glucose as a source of carbon. Based on the Bromothymol Blue (BTB) assay, 59 isolates were fast growing while two isolates from cultivated soils of region II were slow growing. The fast growing 59 isolates showed an acidic reaction changing the medium from green to yellow, while the others showed an alkaline reaction. Based on the results, the 59 fast-growers could be <em>Ensifer fredii </em>or/and<em> Rhizobium tropici </em>rather than <em>Bradyrhizobium</em>. However, further tests to confirm these findings using ketolactose, genetic characterization and inclusion of reference strains, are still needed and are being recommended here.</p>

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization and metabolic diversity of soybean rhizobia isolated from Malwa region of Central India

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Sharma ◽  
K. Srivastava ◽  
S.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Central India ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Metabolic Diversity ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Soybean Rhizobia ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Rhizobial Isolates

Soybean cultivation in many zones of India shows occurrence of native rhizobia besides other exotically adapted strains. In the current study, 22 rhizobial isolates (recovered from 12 different soybean growing sites) and 8 reference strains were selected for biochemical and metabolic characterization. Of 22 isolates, 18 were recovered as fast growing isolates while the rest were slow growing based on bromothymol blue (BTB) test. Unlike earlier belief that rhizobia have no ability to grow on glucose peptone agar medium, in this study, some isolates and some reference strains grew well on this medium. Similarly, when all the isolates were subjected to ketolactose test, some of the isolates were found to show growth on the medium. In contrast, based on C-utilization pattern (15 carbohydrates) a remarkable metabolic diversity was observed among the rhizobial isolates recovered in the study. The clustering and matching analysis showed that most of isolates were matching with slow growing reference strains, a few were with fast growing reference strains and some were found to be unique and hence not matching with any of reference strains. Such analysis suggests the occurrence of metabolically distinct types of rhizobia besides commonly known types (B. japonicum, B. elkanii and S. fredii) of soybean rhizobia and further validation is suggested through 16SrRNA gene sequencing technique.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of fast‐growing green snow bacteria from coastal East Antarctica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Smirnova ◽  
Uladzislau Miamin ◽  
Achim Kohler ◽  
Leonid Valentovich ◽  
Artur Akhremchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Antarctica ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Xenobiotic Pesticide Degrading Bacterial Species in Flower Farms Around Lake Naivasha, Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rhodococcus Erythropolis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lake Naivasha ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Cell Counts

Certain microorganisms especially bacteria and fungi are able to use xenobiotic organic compounds as their carbon and nitrogen source for metabolism. Flower farms around lake Naivasha basin uses several agrochemicals especially pesticides to control pests and improve flower production. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize morphologically and biochemically the main bacterial species that are able to grow and tolerate the pesticide contaminated farm soils. Soil samples were collected from randomly selected five greenhouses from each five flower farms namely Crescent, Elsamere, Karuturi, Malewa and Sewage farms around Lake Naivasha basin. The collected samples were processed for bacterial isolation using the nutrient agar, mac’ Conkey agar, blood agar, Luria-Bertani and Minimum Salt Media nutrient media. The conventional methods of swabbing and streaking were used. Pure colonies of isolates organisms were identified and characterized using standard microbiological technique. Morphological, cultural and biochemical characterization of bacterial species isolated from the flower farm soil samples identified mainly Pseudomonas auriginosa, Escherichia coli, Rhodococcus erythropolis and Bacillus subtilis species. Bacterial growth in pesticide consortia was quantified by monitoring colony growth of the species in liquid culture over time. The viable cell counts were determined turbidimetrically at O.D696nm. All the isolated bacterial species were able to grow in flower farm soil contaminated with organochloride and organophosphate pesticide residues. B. subtilis recorded the highest growth at 1.77±0.07 O.D696nm in pesticide mixture consortia. There was lower growth in organochloride pesticide consortia as compared to organophosphate pesticide consortia.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of a Fast-Growing, Thermophilic Methanobacterium Species

1986 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhang Zhao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
David R. Boone ◽  
Robert A. Mah
Keyword(s):  
Fast Growing ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of two O-methyltransferases involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

2019 ◽  
Vol 295 (6) ◽  
pp. 1598-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivette M. Menéndez-Perdomo ◽  
Peter J. Facchini
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Nelumbo Nucifera ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Young Leaves

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a major class of plant metabolites with many pharmacological benefits. Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is an ancient aquatic plant of medicinal value because of antiviral and immunomodulatory activities linked to its constituent BIAs. Although more than 30 BIAs belonging to the 1-benzylisoquinoline, aporphine, and bisbenzylisoquinoline structural subclasses and displaying a predominant R-enantiomeric conformation have been isolated from N. nucifera, its BIA biosynthetic genes and enzymes remain unknown. Herein, we report the isolation and biochemical characterization of two O-methyltransferases (OMTs) involved in BIA biosynthesis in sacred lotus. Five homologous genes, designated NnOMT1–5 and encoding polypeptides sharing >40% amino acid sequence identity, were expressed in Escherichia coli. Functional characterization of the purified recombinant proteins revealed that NnOMT1 is a regiospecific 1-benzylisoquinoline 6-O-methyltransferase (6OMT) accepting both R- and S-substrates, whereas NnOMT5 is mainly a 7-O-methyltransferase (7OMT), with relatively minor 6OMT activity and a strong stereospecific preference for S-enantiomers. Available aporphines were not accepted as substrates by either enzyme, suggesting that O-methylation precedes BIA formation from 1-benzylisoquinoline intermediates. Km values for NnOMT1 and NnOMT5 were 20 and 13 μm for (R,S)-norcoclaurine and (S)-N-methylcoclaurine, respectively, similar to those for OMTs from other BIA-producing plants. Organ-based correlations of alkaloid content, OMT activity in crude extracts, and OMT gene expression supported physiological roles for NnOMT1 and NnOMT5 in BIA metabolism, occurring primarily in young leaves and embryos of sacred lotus. In summary, our work identifies two OMTs involved in BIA metabolism in the medicinal plant N. nucifera.

Modified Sutter’s Arginine Dihydrolase Medium for Pseudomonas Speciation

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-312
Author(s):  
Sylvia G Cary
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Arginine Dihydrolase

Abstract Sutter’s arginine dihydrolase medium has been modified to obtain maximum yields of arginine dihydrolase. Bromothymol blue is the indicator for alkalinity in Sutter’s medium. By adding glucose and lowering the pH of the medium, more positive reactions were obtained in 24 hr as well as a sharper color contrast to the base medium which facilitated reading the reactions. The modified Sutter’s medium was included in the routine biochemical schema for speciation of pseudomonads isolated from cosmetic products. Of the 706 strains belonging to the 5 species isolated from cosmetic products, only one false negative reaction was obtained with a strain of Pseudomonas putida. The medium was also used for the biochemical characterization of 122 Pseudomonas sp. isolates.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Brenneria quercina, Causal Agent for Bark Canker and Drippy Nut of Quercus spp. in Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena G. Biosca ◽  
Raquel González ◽  
María José López-López ◽  
Santiago Soria ◽  
Carmina Montón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
First Time

The drippy nut disease of oak was first described in California in 1967 and, since then, the causal agent has not been reported in any other area. This study describes for the first time in Europe the isolation of Brenneria (Erwinia) quercina from bark canker in addition to drippy bud and drippy nut in Quercus ilex and Q. pyrenaica. The bark canker and drippy bud symptoms were not previously described as caused by this bacterium. No fungal pathogens were associated with any of the symptoms. Physiological and biochemical characterization identified the pathogenic isolates from Spain as belonging to B. quercina, similar to the reference strain CFBP 1266. Fatty acid profiles of the Spanish isolates also were similar to the strain of B. quercina from California. Serological analysis by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antisera against the reference strain of B. quercina and one Spanish oak isolate revealed some antigenic heterogeneity between isolates of different origins. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that the Spanish isolates were able to reproduce internal symptoms of necrosis and acorn exudation in Q. ilex and Q. pyrenaica and suggest that B. quercina may be associated, among other causes, with the oak decline syndrome affecting Spanish oak forests.

scholarly journals Membrane retrieval in the guinea-pig neurohypophysis. Isolation and characterization of secretory vesicles and coated microvesicles after radiolabel incorporation in vivo

1984 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Saermark ◽  
P M Jones ◽  
I C A F Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Secretory Vesicle ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Pituitary Glands

We have developed small-scale methods for the isolation and biochemical characterization of subcellular fractions from single guinea-pig posterior-pituitary glands. Secretory vesicles and coated microvesicles produced in this way were of similar purity to those isolated from large amounts of tissue by conventional ultracentrifugation. [35S]Cysteine injected into the hypothalamus was found in the soluble contents of secretory vesicles isolated from the neural lobes 24 h later. High-pressure liquid-chromatographic analysis revealed that the radiolabel was incorporated into the expected neurosecretory products (oxytocin, vasopressin and neurophysin) and also into a biosynthetic intermediate in the vasopressin system. The membranes of secretory vesicles were labelled with [3H]choline 24 h after its hypothalamic injection. Little or no [3H]choline could be demonstrated in coated microvesicles at this time, although these structures were labelled 5 days after injection. Stimulating hormone secretion by chronic dehydration produced a significant fall in [3H]choline content of the secretory-vesicle membranes without any transfer of label into coated microvesicles, suggesting that coated microvesicles are not involved in membrane retrieval in the neurohypophysis.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Commercial Probiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 818-825
Author(s):  
Kolli Guna Ranjan ◽  
Girija Sankar G ◽  
Satyanarayana Raju D V V
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Commercial probiotics have bacteria which offer scope for specific treatment as a probiotic against diarrhoea, boosting immune response and relieving stress. Research in probiotics and aquaculture has been done to promote sustainable aquaculture. Studies on microbial ecology in aquaculture and their benefits on human systems are to be assessed. Hence, the present study was aimed at the isolation and characterization of these bacteria obtained from various commercial probiotics. The commercial probiotic samples were collected for isolation using MRS agar. The colonies were selected on the basis of colonial morphology.  Isolates were put through cell morphology, physiology and different biochemical tests. Probiotic sample confirmation was done using 16srRNA molecular technique. MEGA7 was used to conduct phylogenetic evolutionary analysis and tabulate a distance matrix. In results, the isolates manifested non-identical growth patterns at dissimilar conc. of NaCl (2.0,4.0 and 6.5) oxygen and at different temperatures (150C, 300C and 450C). On the basis of sugar utilization, physiological testing, biochemical characterization and genetic identification tests, all isolates were established to different species of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus Plantarum. A systematic protocol was done to identify, characterize probiotic samples and identify them by genetic analysis. Probiotic use is carefully assessed by regulations

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