scholarly journals Cutlink Cleaning Head with a Spreading Feature for Biological Sprout Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Hamberg ◽  
Markus Strandström ◽  
Timo Saksa
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Downy Birch ◽  
Young Forests ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Potential Tool

The ability of deciduous trees to sprout efficiently after cutting is problematic in young forests where the target is to cultivate coniferous trees for industry. Since the use of chemicals has been restricted, new alternatives are needed. One potential and environmentally friendly option is biological sprout control that is based on the use of a white-rot fungus, Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. Ex Fr.) Pouzar. This method has been efficient in earlier investigations when performed manually, but efficient, fully mechanized devices which are able to cut and treat stumps with a fungus are still unavailable. Therefore, the efficacy of biological sprout control conducted with a Cutlink cleaning head equipped with a spreading feature was studied in two young Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) forests in central Finland.Sample plots for the control (cutting deciduous saplings only) and fungal treatment (cutting and spreading fungal inoculum on fresh stump surfaces) were established, and the ability of the Cutlink cleaning head in preventing sprouting of silver and downy birch (Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh., respectively) in the sample plots was investigated for two years.In the near vicinity of cultivated Norway spruce, the proportion of cut deciduous saplings varied from 50–60% after the Cutlink operation. The average mortality of silver and downy birch stumps in the fungal treatment plots was ca. 40%, while stump mortality in the control, i.e., cutting only, was only ca. 13%, after two years. Stump mortality increased up to 73% if the stumps did not include old branches, i.e., the stump was cut to a low enough height.These results confirmed that the Cutlink cleaning head is a potential tool in young stand management operation but further development will be needed in working methods in order to achieve lower stump heights (no branches on the stump) and also to increase the proportion of cut saplings.

Xylem defense wood of Norway spruce compromised by the pathogenic white-rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum shows a prolonged period of selective decay

Planta ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Elisabeth Nagy ◽  
Simon Ballance ◽  
Harald Kvaalen ◽  
Carl Gunnar Fossdal ◽  
Halvor Solheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Selective Decay

scholarly journals Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 2: Aspects of microtensile strength and chemical changes

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Lehringer ◽  
Bodo Saake ◽  
Vjekoslav Živković ◽  
Klaus Richter ◽  
Holger Militz
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Selective Delignification ◽  
Simultaneous Degradation

AbstractThe biotechnological application of the white rot fungusPhysisporinus vitreusnamed “bioincising” is currently being investigated for permeability improvement of Norway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.) wood. During short-term (<9 weeks) incubation, fungal activity induces degradation of pit membranes and a simultaneous alteration of the tracheid cell wall structure. In Part 1 of this article series, the occurrence of selective delignification and simultaneous degradation was shown by UV-microspectrophotometry (UMSP). Moreover, significant reduction of Brinell hardness was recorded after 7 and 9 weeks incubation. For a better understanding of the chemical alterations in the wood constituents and the corresponding changes of mechanical properties due to fungal activity, we applied microtensile tests on thin strips that were prepared from the surface of incubated Norway spruce wood. Indications for the occurrence of selective delignification and simultaneous degradation were evident. Determination of lignin content and carbohydrate analysis by borate anion exchange chromatography confirmed the results. The present study verifies the findings from Part 1 of this article series and from previously conducted microscopic investigations. Now, the degradation characteristics ofP. vitreusare established and the bioincising process can be further optimized with higher reliability.

scholarly journals The pathogenic white-rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum triggers non-specific defence responses in the bark of Norway spruce

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1262-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arnerup ◽  
M. Lind ◽  
A. Olson ◽  
J. Stenlid ◽  
M. Elfstrand
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Defence Responses

scholarly journals Influence of incubation time on the vibration and mechanic properties of mycowood

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Sedighi Gilani ◽  
Jürg Neuenschwander ◽  
Markus Heeb ◽  
Roman Furrer ◽  
Sergio J. Sanabria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Treatment

Abstract The goal of the current study was to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of mycowood as a high quality tone-wood, obtained from Norway spruce by treatment of the white rot fungus Physisporinus vitreus as a function of the treatment time. In focus was the stiffness to weight ratio, which is often considered a main criterion for tone-wood selection. The vibro-mechanical properties were tested by non-destructive methods. The change of color and density were also measured after 4–12 months of fungal incubation. Density decreased up to 5% after 12 months of fungal treatment. Sound velocity was measured in small size specimens by means of the free-free vibration approach, while in large specimens the air-coupled ultrasound method was applied. The two techniques gave similar results and indicated that the sound velocity decreased in mycowood. Internal damping was increased in mycowood to a higher extent than the reduction in the specific modulus of elasticity (E/ρ) and thus the sound velocity in the material. The sound velocity was decreasing with increasing incubation times and scattering of data with this regard was larger in the transversal than in the longitudinal direction. The sound radiation coefficient and the characteristic impedance were enhanced in mycowood and its color was more brownish and richer in tone.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns in Hyphal Growth and Substrate Exploitation within Norway Spruce Stems Colonized by the Pathogenic White-Rot Fungus Heterobasidion parviporum

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 4069-4078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari M. Hietala ◽  
Nina E. Nagy ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Harald Kvaalen ◽  
Carl G. Fossdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Hyphal Sheath ◽  
Pathogen Dna

ABSTRACT In Norway spruce, a fungistatic reaction zone with a high pH and enrichment of phenolics is formed in the sapwood facing heartwood colonized by the white-rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum. Fungal penetration of the reaction zone eventually results in expansion of this xylem defense. To obtain information about mechanisms operating upon heartwood and reaction zone colonization by the pathogen, hyphal growth and wood degradation were investigated using real-time PCR, microscopy, and comparative wood density analysis of naturally colonized trees with extensive stem decay. The hyphae associated with delignified wood at stump level were devoid of any extracellular matrix, whereas incipient decay at the top of decay columns was characterized by a carbohydrate-rich hyphal sheath attaching hyphae to tracheid walls. The amount of pathogen DNA peaked in aniline wood, a narrow darkened tissue at the colony border apparently representing a compromised region of the reaction zone. Vigorous production of pathogen conidiophores occurred in this region. Colonization of aniline wood was characterized by hyphal growth within polyphenolic lumen deposits in tracheids and rays, and the hyphae were fully encased in a carbohydrate-rich extracellular matrix. Together, these data indicate that the interaction of the fungus with the reaction zone involves a local concentration of fungal biomass that forms an efficient translocation channel for nutrients. Finally, the enhanced production of the hyphal sheath may be instrumental in lateral expansion of the decay column beyond the reaction zone boundary.

Two antagonistic fungi, "D 37" and Scytalidium album, reduce the formation of bore holes by Heterobasidion annosum in Norway spruce (Picea abies)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lundborg
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi

The white-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum was inoculated into stem discs of Norway spruce together with the antagonistic fungi "D 37" or Scytalidium album. When H. annosum grew alone in the wood, many bore holes were formed through the tracheid walls. The antagonists allowed growth of H. annosum in the wood to the same extent as in wood with H. annosum alone, but there were few bore holes when an antagonist was present. It is suggested that the antagonists decreased the ability of H. annosum to form bore holes.

Biotransformation of 1-Hydroxychlordene by White Rot Fungus and Detection of Metabolites

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Peng Fei Xiao ◽  
Ryuichiro Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Epoxy Ring ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Pure Cultures

l-Hydroxychlordene is the major metabolite of organochlorine pesticide heptachlor in soil. In this study, the biotransformation of l-hydroxychlordene was performed with the white rot fungus Phlebia acanthocystis TMIC34875, which is capable of degrading heptachlor. As a result, 1-hydroxychlordene was degraded completely by the fungal treatment in pure cultures after 15 days of incubation. A large amount of epoxylation product1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene was detected as metabolites of 1-hydroxychlordene using GC/MS analysis. This fungus particularly can degrade 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene to two trihydroxychlordene isomers through hydrolysis at epoxy ring. The results suggested that 1-hydroxychlordene was metabolized to hydrophilic products via 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene by P. acanthocystis TMIC34875.

scholarly journals Enhanced Reactive Blue 4 Biodegradation Performance of Newly Isolated white rot fungus Antrodia P5 by the Synergistic Effect of Herbal Extraction Residue

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianjie Yuan ◽  
Shuyi Zhang ◽  
Yifei Chen ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Letian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Lignin Peroxidase ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Anthraquinone Dye ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reactive Blue 4

In this study, a white rot fungus Antrodia was newly isolated and named P5. Then its dye biodegradation ability was investigated. Our results showed that P5 could effectively degrade 1,000 mg/L Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) in 24 h with 95% decolorization under shaking conditions. It could tolerate a high dye concentration of 2,500 mg/L as well as 10% salt concentration and a wide range of pH values (4–9). Herbal extraction residues (HER) were screened as additional medium elements for P5 biodegradation. Following the addition of Fructus Gardeniae (FG) extraction residue, the biodegradation performance of P5 was significantly enhanced, achieving 92% decolorization in 12 h. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of multiple peroxidase genes was simultaneously increased: Lignin Peroxidase, Manganese Peroxidase, Laccase, and Dye Decolorization Peroxidase. The maximum increase in Lignin Peroxidase reached 10.22-fold in the presence of FG. The results of UV scanning and LC-HRMS showed that with the synergistic effect of FG, P5 could remarkably accelerate the biodegradation process of RB4 intermediates. Moreover, the fungal treatment with FG also promoted the abatement of RB4 toxicity. In sum, white rot fungus and herbal extraction residue were combined and used in the treatment of anthraquinone dye. This could be applied in practical contexts to realize an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for industrial dye wastewater treatment.

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