Survival and growth of four amabilis fir stock types on Vancouver Island

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Pendl ◽  
B. N. D'Anjou
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity ◽  
Stock Type ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Initial Root

Four stock types of amabilis fir (Abies amabilis) planted on Vancouver Island were compared for root growth capacity and field performance. Initial root growth capacity ratings and field performance of the stock types after five years differed significantly. Ranking the stock types by decreasing survival, stem height and diameter: 1 + 1 PBR 211 (89.4%, 78 cm, 15.7 mm), 1 + 0 PSB 313 (79.7%, 73 cm, 13.8 mm), 1 + 0 PSB 211 (76.8%, 66 cm, 12.9 mm) and 2 + 0 BR (58.9%, 59 cm, 11.0 mm). Given current nursery and planting costs and survival rates, the 1 + 0 PSB 313 and 211 are least expensive reforestation options, the 2 + 0 BR and 1 + 1 PBR 211 the most expensive. Root form of samples of each stock type lack well developed tap and lateral roots with root spiralling evident in the styroblock stock. Key words: Amabilis fir, stock types, bareroot, styroblock plugs

Frost hardiness, root growth capacity, and field performance relationships in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western hemlock seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Interior Spruce

Interior spruce (Piceaglaucaengelmannii complex), lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) were grown from seed for 20 weeks in containers, with 18-h photoperiods. Fortnightly, over a 12-week acclimation period (September 7 – December 1) outdoors at Vernon, B.C., samples were taken for (i) foliage frost hardiness measurement, (ii) poststorage root growth capacity, and (iii) outplanting on forest sites. In all species, frost hardiness and root growth capacity increased with weeks of acclimation. Frost hardiness and root growth capacity were correlated with each other in western hemlock, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir, and with field performance (survival or growth) in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir.

Root growth and root growth capacity of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Johnson-Flanagan ◽  
John N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Root growth in the root systems of Styroplug-grown white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings increases in the spring before shoot elongation and again in the fall after bud development is complete. This is followed by root dormancy and quiescence, which are distinguished on the basis of ability to elongate under root growth capacity (RGC) conditions. The number of white long lateral roots produced during RGC tests correlated significantly with the number of white long lateral roots under lathhouse conditions. Increased mitotic activity is required for root elongation. However, mitotic frequencies could not be used to assess RGC because of the confounding effects of independent growth cycles in individual roots. Cell expansion and transformation of insoluble carbohydrates are important controls of root elongation. The relationship between root and shoot growth under RGC conditions may not support the role of shoot elongation in decreasing root elongation. Conversely, this may indicate that RGC tests alter the endogenous controls of root and shoot growth.

scholarly journals Filmforming Antitranspirants: Their Effects on Root Growth Capacity, Storability, Moisture Stress Avoidance, and Field Performance of Containerized Conifer Seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity ◽  
Stress Avoidance ◽  
Vapor Gard

The antitranspirants, XEF-4-3561-A. Wilt Pruf, Plantgard, Folicote, Clear Spray, and Vapor Gard, were sprayed on container-grown lodgepole pine, white spruce, western hemlock, and Douglas-fir seedlings before or after a 12-week cold (+ 2 °C) storage period. The effects of the six antitranspirants on root growth capacity, storability, and field performance varied between species. XEF-4-3561-A. Wilt Pruf, Folicote, and Vapor Gard increased moisture stress avoidance of all species, while Plantgard and Clear Spray had no effect. None of the six antitranspirants are recommended for use on white spruce, western hemlock, or Douglas-fir planting stock because of the risk of reducing field performance. Further trials of XEF-4-3561-A and Wilt Pruf on lodgepolo pine seedlings seem War-ranted.

Root growth capacity and field performance of jack pine and black spruce in boreal stand establishment in Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 794-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Planting Season

Data from tests of root growth capacity (RGC) of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) on subsamples of planting stock outplanted on variously prepared sites appropriate to the species in boreal Ontario are examined in relation to field performance. These data were collected from six outplantings per species (two per annum for 3 years) and from further subsamples of the planting stock planted in low-stress nursery plantings. Five kinds of microsite were outplanted: untreated, Bräcke patch bottom, and two kinds of mound. On each site, 600 bare-root trees, either2 + 0 pine or 1.5 + 1.5 spruce, were slit planted during the spring planting season. The RGC data are designated RGC-a (no. of roots < 1 cm), RGC-b(no. of roots > 1 cm), RGC-c (mean aggregate length of roots > 1 cm), and RGC-d (mean mean length of roots > 1 cm). Against these, all available quantifications of performance were examined by correlation analysis. In general, correlation of RGC-d with 3rd-year field performance was much stronger than that of RGC-a, RGC-b, and RGC-c. In particular, the correlation between RGC-d and 3rd-year survival was highly significant (P < 0.01) in both species.

Changes in drought resistance and root growth capacity of container seedlings in response to nursery drought, nitrogen, and potassium treatments

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity ◽  
N Treatment

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), and white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings, each represented by two seed lots, were grown in Styroblock containers in a greenhouse and plastic shelter house from February 1989 to January 1990. The seedlings were exposed to two nitrogen (N) treatments and three potassium (K) treatments arranged factorially within three drought treatments. After winter storage, seedlings from a complete set of treatments were planted into hygric, mesic, and xeric sand beds during 12–14 March. Increasing nursery drought stress increased survival of Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine after planting, and high N treatment level increased survival of lodgepole pine and white spruce. Under xeric conditions, combined nursery drought and high N treatments increased survival of lodgepole pine by 33%, indicating the importance of nursery cultural regime for stock quality. Increase in nursery drought decreased seedling size relatively little, but increase in N increased seedling size one season after planting. A positive relationship between shoot/root ratio and survival in lodgepole pine and white spruce indicated that increase in N increased both shoot growth and drought resistance over the N range investigated. Only Douglas-fir showed an interaction between drought and N treatment and a small response in both survival and dry weight to K. Root growth capacity, measured at the time of planting, showed an approximate doubling in all species due to high N treatment, and was also increased in white spruce by drought stress. Survival and root growth capacity were poorly correlated, but dry-weight growth in sand beds was well correlated with root growth capacity. Shoot dry weight and percent N in shoots measured after nursery growth were correlated with root growth capacity. Manipulation of root growth capacity by changing nursery treatment was apparently possible without altering resistance to drought stress after planting.

Early growth of planted spruce

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Burdett ◽  
L. J. Herring ◽  
C. F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity

Observations were made on the growth of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and Engelmann spruce (P. engelmanni Parry), each planted at a single location in the interior of British Columbia. In both species bareroot stock (either 2 + 0 seedlings or 2 + 1 transplants) with a low root growth capacity made only limited height growth during the first two seasons after planting. In the first season, many short stem units were formed, whereas in the second season, stem units were much longer but many fewer. The length of needles formed after planting by the bareroot trees was, in the first season, only about half that of needles formed the previous year in the nursery. Needle length increased slightly in the 2nd year. Container-grown trees (1 + 0 seedlings from 336-mL containers), which had a high root growth capacity, made relatively good height growth in the first season when they formed long needles and stem units. Height growth by these seedlings was much less in the second season, however, as were needle length and stem unit number, but not stem unit length. Application of slow release N,P, and K fertilizer at planting improved shoot growth by bareroot trees more in the second season than the first. In contrast, the container-grown stock made a large shoot growth response to fertilization in both the first and the second seasons. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that, as root establishment proceeds, shoot growth tends to be limited by the supply, first of water, then of mineral nutrients. This implies that the early growth of planted spruce can be maximized by using stock with a high root growth capacity, or other adaptations to drought, and applying slow release fertilizer at planting. Observations on the white spruce revealed an acceleration in shoot growth by both stock types during the third season. This followed the establishment, by the end of the second season, of root systems several metres in diameter. A large difference in height: diameter ratio, observed at the time of planting, between the container-grown and bareroot white spruce disappeared entirely in the course of the first three growing seasons.

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