scholarly journals Anatomical features of leaves of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fed with calcium using foliar nutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Zenia Michałojć
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Nutrient Supplements ◽  
Pepper Leaves

The effect of three foliar-applied Ca-containing preparations on the anatomical features of leaves of sweet pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) was studied. The following preparations were used: Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, Librel Ca and Wapnowit, applied at the respective concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1%, which corresponded to a content of 2000 mg Ca × dm<sup>-3</sup>. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used in the study. It was demonstrated that in amphistomatic bifacial pepper leaves numerous specialised cells occurred which accumulated calcium oxalate crystals in the form of crystalline sand. Anisocytic stomata were found with a much greater density in the abaxial epidermis. They were characterized by very well-developed outer cuticular ledges. It was found that in the leaves of the plants sprayed with the nutrient supplements with increased Ca content there was a much smaller number of epidermal cells per 1 mm<sup>2</sup> than in the control plants. These cells were distinguished by an increased size. In the case of the application of the nutrient supplements Librel Ca and Wapnowit, the number of stomata also decreased. However, the application of the calcium supplements resulted in an increase in the value of the stomatal index compared to the control, which is attributable to a significant reduction in the number of epidermal cells not belonging to the stomata. The plants additionally supplied with Ca were marked by a larger number of colenchyma layers and an increased volume of leaf parenchyma cells. In the case of pepper leaves, the thin cuticle and the outer cell wall are not a major barrier to the Ca-containing preparations applied for spray treatment. Nevertheless, the decrease in the number of stomata may restrict the possibility of Ca uptake by this way, which compensates the increase in surface area of particular epidermal cells that will be the main way of Ca penetration into the internal leaf tissues.

scholarly journals Changes in structure of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings shoots under aluminum stress conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Red Pepper ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Al Treatment ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

The seedlings of the red pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) cv. Trapez grown in water culture for a period of 14 days with Al (0, 10, 20 and 40 mg·dm<sup>-3</sup> AlCl<sub>3</sub>·6 H<sub>2</sub>O). Some morphological and anatomical features of red pepper shoots were analyzed. Reduction in height and diameter of stems as well as decrease in fresh mass of shoots were observed after Al-treatment. In the hypocotyl the thickness of cortex parenchyma layer and the size of their cells were reduced. The aluminum treatment resulted in the increased in thickness of the epidermis outer cell wall. Under Al stress in the cotrex and the central cylinder parenchyma cells were present numerous enlarge plastids which contained large grains of starch and dark little bodies which were possible aluminum deposits. They weren`t observed in control seedlings.

Breakdown of Chlorophyll: A Fluorescent Chlorophyll Catabolite from Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 278-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Mühlecker ◽  
Bernhard Kräutler ◽  
Daniel Moser ◽  
Philippe Matile ◽  
Stefan Hörtensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Chlorophyll Catabolite

scholarly journals Multispectral Assessment of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruit Quality Affected by Calcite Nanoparticles

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Monika Vidak ◽  
Boris Lazarević ◽  
Marko Petek ◽  
Jerko Gunjača ◽  
Zlatko Šatović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convex Hull ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world because of the nutritional value of its fruits and its economic importance. Calcium (Ca) improves the quality of sweet pepper fruits, and the application of calcite nanoparticles in agricultural practice has a positive effect on the morphological, physiological, and physicochemical properties of the whole plant. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of commercial calcite nanoparticles on yield, chemical, physical, morphological, and multispectral properties of sweet pepper fruits using a combination of conventional and novel image-based nondestructive methods of fruit quality analysis. In the field trial, two sweet pepper cultivars, i.e., Šorokšari and Kurtovska kapija, were treated with commercial calcite nanoparticles (at a concentration of 3% and 5%, calcite-based foliar fertilizer (positive control), and water (negative control) three times during vegetation). Sweet pepper fruits were harvested at the time of technological and physiological maturity. Significant differences were observed between pepper cultivars as well as between harvests times. In general, application of calcite nanoparticles reduced yield and increased fruit firmness. However, different effects of calcite nanoparticles were observed on almost all properties depending on the cultivar. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles and calcite-based foliar fertilizers significantly increased N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu at technological maturity, as well as P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and N at physiological maturity. However, in Kurtovska kapija, the treatments increased only Ca at technological maturity and only P at physiological maturity. The effect of treatments on fruit morphological properties was observed only at the second harvest. In Šorokšari, calcite nanoparticles (3% and 5%) increased the fruit length, minimal circle area, and minimal circle radius, and it decreased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the positive and negative controls, respectively. In Kurtovska kapija, calcite nanoparticles increased the fruit width and convex hull compared to the controls. At physiological maturity, lower anthocyanin and chlorophyll indices were found in Kurtovska kapija in both treatments with calcite nanoparticles, while in Šorokšari, the opposite effects were observed.

scholarly journals Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Contain an Atypical Peroxisomal Catalase That Is Modulated by Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
Salvador González-Gordo ◽  
Amanda Cañas ◽  
María Jesús Campos ◽  
Alberto Paradela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Cysteine Residue ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Native Molecular Mass ◽  
Pepper Fruit

During the ripening of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits, in a genetically controlled scenario, enormous metabolic changes occur that affect the physiology of most cell compartments. Peroxisomal catalase gene expression decreases after pepper fruit ripening, while the enzyme is also susceptible to undergo post-translational modifications (nitration, S-nitrosation, and oxidation) promoted by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Unlike most plant catalases, the pepper fruit enzyme acts as a homodimer, with an atypical native molecular mass of 125 to 135 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.4, which is higher than that of most plant catalases. These data suggest that ROS/RNS could be essential to modulate the role of catalase in maintaining basic cellular peroxisomal functions during pepper fruit ripening when nitro-oxidative stress occurs. Using catalase from bovine liver as a model and biotin-switch labeling, in-gel trypsin digestion, and nanoliquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, it was found that Cys377 from the bovine enzyme could potentially undergo S-nitrosation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cysteine residue from catalase that can be post-translationally modified by S-nitrosation, which makes it especially important to find the target points where the enzyme can be modulated under either physiological or adverse conditions.

Bacterial leaf blight of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) caused by Pseudomonas cichorii in Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rie Gappa-Adachi ◽  
Yasuaki Morita ◽  
Yoshifumi Shimomoto ◽  
Shigeharu Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Pseudomonas Cichorii

scholarly journals Androgenesis induction in microspore culture of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Lantos ◽  
Anikó Gémes Juhász ◽  
Pál Vági ◽  
Róbert Mihály ◽  
Zoltán Kristóf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

AGRONOMIC RESPONSE OF SWEET PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) TO CO2 ENRICHMENT IN GREENHOUSES WITH STATIC VENTILATION

2006 ◽  
pp. 521-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Y. Baba ◽  
J.V. Maroto ◽  
A. San Batoutista ◽  
B. Pascual ◽  
S. Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

Caractérisation ultrastructurale d'une résistance induite par un éliciteur d'origine fongique, chez un cultivar sensible de Piment

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Coulomb ◽  
P. J. Coulomb ◽  
I. Saimmaime ◽  
Y. Lizzi ◽  
C. Polian
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Lytic Function ◽  
Wall Appositions

Elicitation of a sensitive sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivar roots by immersion in the culture medium of Trichoderma album induces resistance in leaves infected by Phytophthora capsici. In infected tissues, host cells are intact and develop wall formations that look like typical wall appositions, but differ from them by the presence of a substance of cytoplasmic origin, which is phagocytized and degraded, conferring a lytic function and unusual dynamics to these structures. The involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxysomes in eventual detoxification processes is discussed. The resistance induced by this elicitor seems to be programmed by the establishment of a reactive physiological state, which produces the defense response.

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