scholarly journals Optimization of the processes of sterilization and micropropagation of cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) from apical explants of seedlings in in vitro cultures

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tomaszewska-Sowa ◽  
Anna Figas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Cup plant (<em>Silphium perfoliatum</em> L.) is a tall, reaching up to 2.5 m, perennial plant that represents the Asteraceae family. <em>Silphium perfoliatum</em> L. can be applied in medicine, animal feeding, and as a decorative, honey-producing and energy production plant which proves its multi-functional features. Sowing material currently available in Poland is insufficient, which justifies the present attempts at propagating these plants in <em>in vitro</em> cultures. Therefore, <em>Silphium perfoliatum</em> L. seed sterilization and micropropagation processes were studied under controlled conditions <em>in in vitro</em> cultures. Among the tested methods, ACE proved to be the most effective for sterilization. The apical parts of seedlings were used as explants; they were placed onto MS media with growth regulators added. 4 growth regulator concentration variants were applied. The highest percentage of explants with lateral shoots (41.7%) and callus (90.3%) was obtained on MS medium with 5 mg x dm<sup>-3</sup> BAP + 1 mg × dm<sup>-3</sup> NAA added. Shoots were isolated and transferred onto MS rooting medium without growth regulators. The rooted plants were transferred to the greenhouse and acclimatised to <em>ex vitro</em> conditions.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE MICROPROPAGATION OF SELECTED Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni GENOTYPES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Begum Kaplan ◽  
Selda Duraklioglu ◽  
Kenan Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Asteraceae Family ◽  
Very High

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial plant belonging to Asteraceae family and its leaves contain steviol glycosides (SGs) that are 150 to 300 times sweeter than sucrose. The sweeteners obtained from S. rebaudiana can be safely used by diabetics as insulin secretion is not required during digestion of this sweetener. As it has zero calories, it is also used in diet products. Adaptation studies for Stevia conducted in Antalya, Turkey have shown that the stevia plant could easily be cultivated as a perennial. However, the lack of a sustainable vegetative propagation method creates a significant problem for stevia production. In the generatively populations, homogeneity and therefore quality are decreased because of cross-pollination. Stevia, as a self-incompatible and cross-pollinated species, has been shown to have very high genetic diversity. Therefore, development of a sustainable in vitro propagation method to prevent genetic heterogeneity of selected varieties is crucial for stevia cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2 different gelling agents (plant agar and Gelrite) and 20 different growth regulators combinations. The results demonstrated an approximately 200-fold multiplication rate obtained within 13 weeks using MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·dm–3 BAP and 0.25 mg·dm–3 kinetin and solidified with Gelrite. Average stevioside and rebaudioside A contents in in vitro propagated plant samples were found to be 8.1% and 8.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals Clonal propagation of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 005-010
Author(s):  
K. Yu. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Ribes Nigrum ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Rooting Medium

At the stage of transfer to soil, a scheme is defined that provides production of improved plantlets of thestudied varieties. 'Kuharsky's Memory' and 'Kanakhama' black сurrant varieties are characterized by high regenerativecapacity in vitro (the proportion of viable explants is 93.5 % and 96.4 %, respectively). At the multiplication stage, the influence of growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine, gibberellic acid) on the morphogenesis of currant plantlets was studied. It shows their impact on such morphological indicators of development of plantlets as the height (cm), quantity, theaverage length of roots (cm). At the rooting stage, the concentration (0.5 mg/l) of auxin (β-indolylbutyric acid) was selected, the introduction of which into the rooting medium provided the maximum indicators of rhizogenesis: the numberand length of roots.

Somatic Embryogenesis and In vitro Plant Regeneration in Vigna trilobata (L.) Verd. - A Potential Pasture Legume

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
K. Choudhary ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
M. S. Rathore ◽  
N. S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pasture Legume

This long term study demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to propagate embryogenic Vigna trilobata and to subsequently initiate the differentiation of embryos into complete plantlets. Initiation of callus was possible on 2,4-D. Somatic embryos differentiated on modified MS basal nutrient medium with 1.0 mg/l  of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l  of Kn. Sustained cell division resulted in globular and heart shape stages of somatic embryos. Transfer of embryos on to a fresh modified MS basal medium with 0.5 mg/l of Kn and 0.5 mg/l of GA3 helped them to attain maturation and germination. However, the propagation of cells, as well as the differentiation of embryos, were inhibited by a continuous application of these growth regulators. For this reason, a long period on medium lacking these growth regulators was necessary before the differentiation of embryos occurred again. The consequences for improving the propagation of embryogenic cultures in Vigna species are discussed. Key words: Pasture  legume, Vigna trilobata, Globular, Heart shape, somatic embryogenesis D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i1.4990 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(1): 89-99, 2009 (June)

Novel Toxin-antitoxin System Xn-mazEF from Xenorhabdus nematophi-la: Identification, Characterization and Functional Exploration

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jogendra Singh Nim ◽  
Mohit Yadav ◽  
Lalit Kumar Gautam ◽  
Chaitali Ghosh ◽  
Shakti Sahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
System Control ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophila ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Rna Interaction

Background: Xenorhabdus nematophila maintains species-specific mutual interaction with nematodes of Steinernema genus. Type II Toxin Antitoxin (TA) systems, the mazEF TA system controls stress and programmed cell death in bacteria. Objective: This study elucidates the functional characterization of Xn-mazEF, a mazEF homolog in X. nematophila by computational and in vitro approaches. Methods: 3 D- structural models for Xn-MazE toxin and Xn-MazF antitoxin were generated, validated and characterized for protein - RNA interaction analysis. Further biological and cellular functions of Xn-MazF toxin were also predicted. Molecular dynamics simulations of 50ns for Xn-MazF toxin complexed with nucleic acid units (DU, RU, RC, and RU) were performed. The MazF toxin and complete MazEF operon were endogenously expressed and monitored for the killing of Escherichia coli host cells under arabinose induced tightly regulated system. Results: Upon induction, E. coli expressing toxin showed rapid killing within four hours and attained up to 65% growth inhibition, while the expression of the entire operon did not show significant killing. The observation suggests that the Xn-mazEF TA system control transcriptional regulation in X. nematophila and helps to manage stress or cause toxicity leading to programmed death of cells. Conclusion: The study provides insights into structural and functional features of novel toxin, XnMazF and provides an initial inference on control of X. nematophila growth regulated by TA systems.

scholarly journals Alterations in Microrhizome Induction, Shoot Multiplication and Rooting of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong with Regards to Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Zahid ◽  
Hawa Z.E. Jaafar ◽  
Mansor Hakiman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Disease Free

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) var. Bentong is a monocotyledon plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Bentong ginger is the most popular cultivar of ginger in Malaysia, which is conventionally propagated by its rhizome. As its rhizomes are the economic part of the plant, the allocation of a large amount of rhizomes as planting materials increases agricultural input cost. Simultaneously, the rhizomes’ availability as planting materials is restricted due to the high demand for fresh rhizomes in the market. Moreover, ginger propagation using its rhizome is accompanied by several types of soil-borne diseases. Plant tissue culture techniques have been applied to produce disease-free planting materials of ginger to overcome these problems. Hence, the in vitro-induced microrhizomes are considered as alternative disease-free planting materials for ginger cultivation. On the other hand, Bentong ginger has not been studied for its microrhizome induction. Therefore, this study was conducted to optimize sucrose and plant growth regulators (PGRs) for its microrhizome induction. Microrhizomes were successfully induced in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a high sucrose concentration (>45 g L−1). In addition, zeatin at 5–10 µM was found more effective for microrhizome induction than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a similar concentration. The addition of 7.5 µM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) further enhanced microrhizome formation and reduced sucrose’s required dose that needs to be supplied for efficient microrhizome formation. MS medium supplemented with 60 g L−1 sucrose, 10 µM zeatin and 7.5 µM NAA was the optimum combination for the microrhizome induction of Bentong ginger. The in vitro-induced microrhizomes sprouted indoors in moist sand and all the sprouted microrhizomes were successfully established in field conditions. In conclusion, in vitro microrhizomes can be used as disease-free planting materials for the commercial cultivation of Bentong ginger.

scholarly journals Influence of growth regulators and explants on shoot regeneration in carnation

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Kanwar ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The influence of growth regulators, explants and their interactions on in vitro shoot bud formation from callus was studied in <I>Dianthus caryophyllus</I> L. The leaf and internode explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. The highest callus induction was observed with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA). Out of twenty seven shoot regeneration media tested, only 2 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) and zeatin alone or in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and/or indole acetic acid (IAA) could differentiate calli. The highest average number of shoots was observed with 2 mg/l TDZ and 1 mg/l IAA. Significant differences were observed in calli producing shoots and number of shoots per callus in the explants of leaf and internode. The shoots were elongated and multiplied on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BA and solidified with 1% agar. The shoots were rooted and hardened with 76% survival success in pots after six weeks of transfer to the pots.

Effect of guaianolides in the meiosis reinitiation of amphibian oocytes

Zygote ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zapata-Martínez ◽  
G. Sánchez-Toranzo ◽  
F. Chaín ◽  
C.A.N. Catalán ◽  
M.I. Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Bufo Arenarum ◽  
Asteraceae Family

SummarySesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are a large and structurally diverse group of plant metabolites generally found in the Asteraceae family. STLs exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities and it is generally accepted that their major mechanism of action is the alkylation of the thiol groups of biological molecules. The guaianolides is one of various groups of STLs. Anti-tumour and anti-migraine effects, an allergenic agent, an inhibitor of smooth muscle cells and of meristematic cell proliferation are only a few of the most commonly reported activities of STLs. In amphibians, fully grown ovarian oocytes are arrested at the beginning of meiosis I. Under stimulus with progesterone, this meiotic arrest is released and meiosis progresses to metaphase II, a process known as oocyte maturation. There are previous records of the inhibitory effect of dehydroleucodin (DhL), a guaianolide lactone, on the progression of meiosis. It has been also shown that DhL and its 11,13-dihydroderivative (2H-DhL; a mixture of epimers at C-11) act as blockers of the resumption of meiosis in fully grown ovarian oocytes from the amphibian Rhinella arenarum (formerly classified as Bufo arenarum). The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of four closely related guaianolides, i.e., DhL, achillin, desacetoxymatricarin and estafietin as possible inhibitors of meiosis in oocytes of amphibians in vitro and discuss some structure–activity relationships. It was found that the inhibitory effect on meiosis resumption is greater when the lactone has two potentially reactive centres, either a α,β–α′,β′-diunsaturated cyclopentanone moiety or an epoxide group plus an exo-methylene-γ-lactone function.

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