scholarly journals Ethylene in the control of photoperiodic flower induction in Pharbitis nil Chois.

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska ◽  
Jan Kopcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Auxin Action ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Photoperiodic Flower Induction ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport ◽  
Flowering Inhibition

The content of endogenous ethylene in the seedlings of <em>Pharbitis nil</em> subjected to 16-hour long inductive night is low during the first half of a dark period, then it increases considerably in the second half of the night. Ethrel, the compound releasing ethylene, applied to the cotyledons of the seedlings, increases the amount of endogenous ethylene in them and at the same time inhibits the flowering, especially when ethrel was applied during the first half of an inductive night, when the content of endogenous ethylene in the seedlings is low. The auxin, inhibiting the flowering of <em>Pharbitis</em>, causes at the same time the increase in the production of endogenous ethylene. PCIB, an inhibitor of auxin action reverses the inhibiting influence of ethrel on flowering. On the other hand the combined application of ethrel and TIBA, the inhibitor of auxin polar transport, causes the increase of the flowering inhibition. CoCl<sub>2</sub>, the inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, and AgNO<sub>3</sub>, the inhibitor of ethylene action, reverse partly the inhibiting influence of auxin. It suggests that ethylene could take part in auxininhibition of flowering. The all obtained results seem to suggest the participation of ethylene in the control of the flower photoperiodic induction.

scholarly journals IAA in the control of photoperiodic flower induction of Pharbitis nil chois

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska ◽  
Mariusz Cymerski ◽  
Joanna Czaplewska ◽  
Jan Kopcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Auxin Polar Transport

The endogenous content of IAA in the cotyledons of <i>Pharbitis nil</i> is low before and during the first half of the inductive 16-h-long dark period. From the 8th to the 12th hour the level of IAA increased and then again was going down at the end of a dark period. Exogenous IAA applied to the cotyledones before and during the first half of the inductive dark period inhibits flower bud formation. The application of IAA to shoot apex also resulted in the inhibition of flowering. Experiments with TIBA, an auxin polar transport inhibitor, and PCIB, an auxin action inhibitor, have shown that auxin polar transport in cotyledones and long-distance auxin transport from cotyledones to shoot apex play an important role in IAA inhibition of flower bud formation. It suggests that auxins play their role not only at the level of floral induction in cotyledones, but also in the later events of floral evocation and differentiation in shoot apex.

scholarly journals The level of phyA in Pharbitis nil Chois during the photoperiodic flower induction

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska ◽  
Krzysztof Jaworski ◽  
Jan Kopcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Rapid Destruction ◽  
Photoperiodic Flower Induction

The aim of this work was to determine if there is any relationship between an endogenous phyA level and photoperiodic flower induction. The level of phyA was characterised with polyclonal antibodies directed to phyA from pea. At first it was detected that phyA level is predominant in cotyledons, whereas in roots and stems the concentration of labile phytochrome is rather low. So cotyledons were used for later experiments. In these cotyledons exposed to light illumination a rapid destruction of phyA has been observed. The loss of extractable phyA chromoprotein occurs already after 60 min of irradiation. <em>Pharbitis nil</em> is a short-day plant and a single 16-hours-long dark period is fully inductive. We assessed that phyA level is extremely low during a long inductive night and an immunodetectable phytochrome appears only after 24 hours of darkness. The obtained results suggest that labile phytochrome is not taking part in the direct control of the photoperiodic flower induction.

scholarly journals Mutations in Tomato ACC Synthase2 Uncover Its Role in Development beside Fruit Ripening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Sharma ◽  
Soni Gupta ◽  
Supriya Sarma ◽  
Meenakshi Rai ◽  
Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Ethylene Action

ABSTRACTThe role of ethylene in plant development is mostly inferred from its exogenous application. The usage of the mutants affecting ethylene biosynthesis proffers a better alternative to decipher its role. In tomato, 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid synthase2 (ACS2) is a key enzyme regulating ripening-specific ethylene biosynthesis. We characterized two contrasting acs2 mutants; acs2-1 overproduces ethylene, has higher ACS activity, and increased protein levels, while acs2-2 is an ethylene under-producer, displays lower ACS activity, and protein levels than wild type. Consistent with high/low ethylene emission, the mutants show opposite phenotypes, physiological responses, and metabolomic profiles than the wild type. The acs2-1 showed early seed germination, faster leaf senescence, and accelerated fruit ripening. Conversely, acs2-2 had delayed seed germination, slower leaf senescence, and prolonged fruit ripening. The phytohormone profiles of mutants were mostly opposite in the leaves and fruits. The faster/slower senescence of acs2-1/acs2-2 leaves correlated with the endogenous ethylene/zeatin ratio. The genetic analysis showed that the metabolite profiles of respective mutants co-segregated with the homozygous mutant progeny. Our results uncover that besides ripening, ACS2 participates in vegetative and reproductive development of tomato. The distinct influence of ethylene on phytohormone profiles indicates intertwining of ethylene action with other phytohormones in regulating plant development.

scholarly journals Stablization of ACOs by NatB mediated N-terminal acetylation is required for ethylene homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-qing Liu ◽  
Ya-jie Zou ◽  
Xiao-feng Li ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Guang-qin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Protein Modification ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Auxiliary Subunit ◽  
Ethylene Content ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

AbstractN-terminal acetylation (NTA) is a highly abundant protein modification catalyzed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) in eukaryotes. However, the plant NATs and their biological functions have been poorly explored. Here we reveal that loss of function of CKRC3 and NBC-1, the auxiliary subunit (Naa25) and catalytic subunit (Naa20) of Arabidopsis NatB, respectively, led to defects in skotomorphogenesis and triple responses of ethylene. Proteome profiling and WB test revealed that the 1-amincyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO, catalyzing the last step of ethylene biosynthesis pathway) activity was significantly down-regulated in natb mutants, leading to reduced endogenous ethylene content. The defective phenotypes could be fully rescued by application of exogenous ethylene, but less by its precursor ACC. The present results reveal a previously unknown regulation mechanism at the co-translational protein level for ethylene homeostasis, in which the NatB-mediated NTA of ACOs render them an intracellular stability to maintain ethylene homeostasis for normal growth and responses.

The Involvement of Cyclic ADPR in Photoperiodic Flower Induction of Pharbitis nil

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska ◽  
Krzysztof Jaworski ◽  
Jan Kopcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Flower Induction ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Photoperiodic Flower Induction

The involvement of cyclic GMP in the photoperiodic flower induction of Pharbitis nil

2004 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Szmidt-Jaworska ◽  
Krzysztof Jaworski ◽  
Andrzej Tretyn ◽  
J.a.n. Kopcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Photoperiodic Flower Induction

Vegetative and reproductive development of shoot apices of Pharbitis nil as influenced by photoperiodism

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1403-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Bhar ◽  
N. W. Radforth
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Floral Transition ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
The Third

In shoot apices of Pharbitis nil, cytohistological zonation is not clearly delineated at germination. With increase in age, zonation develops and the granular appearance of the cytoplasm disappears. After induction by a single 16-hour dark period the first recognizable sign of floral transition becomes evident on the second day, with increase in the mitotic activity of the apex. On the third and fourth days, the sepals are initiated and the petals and stamens are initiated simultaneously on the fifth day. On the sixth day the carpel primordia originate. Between the 11th and 12th days after the inductive dark period, the pollen grains develop and the style extends. Between the 19th and 20th days the epidermal cells of the stigma become secretory.

scholarly journals The involvement of gibberellins in phytochrome-controlled flowering of Pharbitis nil

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Kulikowska-Gulewska ◽  
Jan Kopcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Light ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Light Flash ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Controlled Flowering ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

The seedlings of <em>Pharbitis nil</em>, a sesitive short-day plant (SDP), were cultivated under special photoperiodic conditions: 72-h-long darkness, 24-h-long white light with low intensity, 24-h-long inductive night. During 24-h-long inductive darkness the total content of gibberellins in cotyledons underwent fluctuations with a maximum at 0 h and 8 h, and a decrease at the end of the dark period. FR light applied at the end of the 24-h-long white-light period inhibited flowering. R light flash and partially exogenous GA3 added on cotyledons could reverse the effect of FR. The seedling growth was not affected by FR and R light irradiation, but was promoted by exogenous GA3 application. The obtained results suggest that gibberellins are involved in photoperiodic control of SDP <em>P. nil</em> flowering. This involvement has nothing in common with participation of gibberellins in the control of the elongation growth of seedlings.

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