scholarly journals Genetic analysis of silver-fir populations in the North Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mejnartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare Alleles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees

Seeds collected from individual trees in the 16 Carpathian and 2 Sudeten silver-fir (<em>Abies alba</em>) populations were studied with the starch gel electrophoresis in megagametophytes using 14 enzyme systems with 28 loci. The results show that the geographical distance between populations are in a small part reflected in genetic distances. There are two main groups of populations: Sudeten and Carpathian with a very big genetic distance between them. Other populations consist of a few small groups with low gene flow between them (<em>N<sub>m</sub></em> = 3.286). About 80% of genetic variation is located within populations (<em>F<sub>ST</sub></em> = 0.223). Average values for genetic multiplicity and diversity for Carpathian populations are as follows: number of alleles per locus: <em>Na</em> = 2.308, with effective number of alleles <em>Ne</em> = 1.552 and proportion of polymorphic loci 71.21%. The mean number of alleles per locus (<em>Na</em>) varied from 2.107 to 2.607 in population. The mean effective number of alleles per locus (<em>Ne</em>) ranged from 1.429 to 1.662. Average Fis for Carpathian populations was -0.021, which means that there is small excess of heterozygotes. The average observed heterozygosity amounted to <em>Ho</em> = 0.275 and expected heterozygosity was <em>He</em> = 0.269. The dendrogram structure and presence of rare alleles found in silver-fir of Czech, and Slovakian populations allow for a hypothesis that in postglaciation the silver-fir moved into the Polish Carpathians not westward from the east but from the south along river valleys from some Balkan refuges, getting North bypassing the High Tatra Range. This way, a highly diversified set of populations originated, differ in the presence of rare alleles. This differentiation is not prevented by a relatively small flow of genes between populations. The calculated gene flow <em>Nm</em> = 3.286 also indicates isolation between the populations. It means 3.3 immigrants per generation into the studied populations.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of silver-fir populations in the Beskids

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mejnartowicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Rare Alleles

Twenty-eight isozymic loci were studied in the Beskid Mts., in four populations of common silver-fir (<em>Abies alba</em>): one in Beskid Makowski (BM) and three populations in Beskid Sądecki (BS). Their genetic variation and diversity were analyzed, and Nei's genetic distances between the populations were calculated. The results show that the geographical distance between the BM population and the three BS populations is reflected in genetic distances. The BM population is clearly distinct from the others. It has the lowest genetic diversity (<em>I</em> = <em>0.42</em>), percentage of polymorphic loci <em>(%PoL </em>= <em>64.29</em>) and number of rare alleles (<em>NoRa </em>= <em>5</em>). Besides, the BM population has the highest observed heterozygosity (<em>Ho </em>= <em>0.291</em>), which exceeds the expected heterozygosity (<em>He </em>= <em>0.254</em>), estimated on the basis of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle. On the contrary, BS populations are in the state of equilibrium, which is manifested, in similar values of <em>He </em>= <em>0.262 </em>and <em>Ho </em>= <em>0.264</em>.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of Abies alba Mill. in Polish part of Sudety Mts.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Lewandowski ◽  
Maciej Filipiak ◽  
Jarosław Burczyk
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Allozyme Polymorphism ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Two Populations

The genetic structure of silver fir (<em>Abies alba</em> Mill.) was investigated among 8 populations from Sudety Mts. and 2 additional populations from other parts of Poland. Nine enzyme systems controlled by 13 allozyme loci were analyzed using starch gel electrophoresis. The mean expected heterozygosity, ranging from 0.06 to 0.11 and was lower compared to that found in other conifers. The mean genetic distance among all silver fir populations was 0.005. The Sudeten group of populations appeared to be genetically different from the two populations from other parts of Poland, indicating that at least two different centers are responsible for the current distribution of allozyme polymorphism in the tested populations.

Relative abundance and potential dispersal range of intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum in pure and mixed forests

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Matteo Garbelotto ◽  
Giovanna Cristina Varese ◽  
Giovanni Nicolotti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Forest Pathogen ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Intersterility Groups

In Europe the forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. includes the S, P, and F intersterility groups (ISGs), each displaying a preferential specialization on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), pine, and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), respectively. In this paper, we present data about (i) H. annosum ISGs frequency in different forest types, (ii) the degree of host specificity of each ISG, (iii) the significance of the potential movement of airborne spores among forests, and (iv) the occurrence of S–P chimeras in the northwestern Alps. Using woody spore traps, we sampled natural pure spruce and fir forests and a mixed spruce-fir forest. The ISG of 582 spores was determined by ISG-diagnostic taxon-specific competitive priming (TSCP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with PCR-mediated detection of ISG-specific introns in the ML5–ML6 DNA region of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (mt LrRNA). All three ISGs were found, and a strong correlation was observed between the F ISG and fir and the S ISG and spruce. In the mixed forest, no clear relationship between tree host species and host-specialized ISGs was found. In spite of a relative dominance of fir in the overstory of the mixed stand, the fir-associated F ISG represented only 11% of the total number of spores collected. This discrepancy was explained by the recent establishment of firs at this site. No S–P nuclear-mitochondrial chimeras were found. This suggests limited gene flow between these ISGs.Key words: Heterobasidion annosum, host specificity, ISGs, gene flow, PCR, Alps.

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity among surian Toona sinensis Roem in progenies test using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Jayusman Jayusman ◽  
Muhammad Na’iem ◽  
Sapto Indrioko ◽  
Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto ◽  
ILG Nurcahyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Toona Sinensis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees

Surian Toona sinensis Roem is one of the most widely planted species in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the genetic diversity between a number of surian populations in a progeny test using RAPD markers, with the goal of proposing management strategies for a surian breeding program. Ninety-six individual trees from 8 populations of surian were chosen as samples for analysis. Eleven polymorphic primers (OP-B3, OP-B4, OP-B10, OP-H3, OP-Y6, OP-Y7, OP-Y8, OP-Y10, OP-Y11, OP-Y14, and OP-06) producing reproducible bands were analyzed for the 96 trees, with six trees per family sampled. Data were analyzed using GenAlEx 6.3, NTSYS 2.02. The observed percentage of polymorphic loci ranged from 18.2% to 50%. The mean level of genetic diversity among the surian populations was considered to be moderate (He 0.304). Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into two main clusters, at similarity levels of 0.68 and 0.46. The first two axes of the PCoA explained 46.16% and 25.54% of the total variation, respectively. The grouping of samples into clusters and subclusters did not correspond with family and their distances, but the grouping was in line with the genetic distances of the samples.

Floral Phenology of a Stand of Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) In Gippsland, Victoria

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Floral Phenology ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Individual Trees

Flowering phenology was observed in a stand of Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. at Narracan, Gippsland, Vic. during 1977 and again in 1979. The first tree flowered on 15 February in 1977 and on 30 January in 1979. Flowering of all trees was completed after 90 and 100 days respectively, and in both seasons the modal value for the number of trees concurrently in flower occurred 40 days after commencement. There was a highly significant association, between years, for the relative time and duration of flowering of individual trees. Tree size was not an important determinant of flowering attributes. Trees were not randomly distributed with respect to peak flowering time: thus flowering of adjacent trees tended to be synchronous. Detailed observation of flowering within the crowns of three trees showed that within inflorescences the mean period between anthesis of the earliest and latest flowers was 6 days, and within branches 14 days. The degree to which flowering was synchronous within the crown varied consistently between trees at each structural level assessed, which suggested genetic control of this trait. Implications of the floral phenology for the breeding system and gene flow of the species are discussed.

Individual-tree growth dynamics of mature Abies alba during repeated irregular group shelterwood (Femelschlag) cuttings

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2437-2449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus J. Puettmann ◽  
Anthony W. D’Amato ◽  
Ulrich Kohnle ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Individual Trees

This study investigated the individual-tree diameter response of mature silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.) to reproduction harvests (Femelschlag: an irregular group shelterwood method) on six sites in the Black Forest, Germany. On each site, four different treatments were applied, including a control treatment and short-, medium, and long-term regeneration periods aimed at the complete removal of overstory trees within 20, 35, and 50 years, respectively. These treatments created a wide variety of growing conditions for individual trees. Relationships between relative diameter growth and stand-level and neighborhood interaction indices were evaluated. Growing conditions for individual trees in control conditions were best characterized using Lorimer’s index for a 16 m radius neighborhood. Equations predicting tree growth in control stands underpredicted initial growth of trees after harvesting operations, suggesting a release effect that is not captured by postharvest density. This effect was larger for smaller trees and influenced by removal intensity. Growth response to density reductions was also influenced by previous harvests. Our results suggest that the growth response of mature trees to reproduction harvests may become an important consideration when increased emphasis is placed on managing for long-term regeneration periods.

The systematic status of the lagoon periwinkle, Littorina tenebrosa

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain F. Wilson ◽  
Elizabeth M. Gosling ◽  
William Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mean

Eight samples of Littorina tenebrosa and L. saxatilis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Ireland and Britain, including pairs of each form from two locations in Ireland, were screened for genetic variation at 12 polymorphic enzyme loci using starch gel electrophoresis. Levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity were similar in L. tenebrosa and L. saxatilis, apart from a sample of L. tenebrosa from Britain which was less polymorphic than the Irish samples. No alleles were found to be unique to either form. Phylogenetic analysis using UPGMA showed that L. saxatilis and L. tenebrosa populations clustered as a monophyletic group. Nevertheless, the mean genetic distance between parapatric populations of L. saxatilis and L. tenebrosa (D=0.076) was similar to the mean for allopatric populations of either species (D=0.080). This indicates that there is a barrier to gene flow between the two forms Despite this, L. tenebrosa does not merit specific status since populations of this snail do not cluster as a distinct group, separate from L. saxatilis populations.

scholarly journals The ‘Tisovik’ reserve of Silver fir in the Belarusian national park ‘Belavezhskaya Pushcha’

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
Adolf F. Korczyk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
National Park ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Abstract Silver firs (Abies alba Mill.) of natural origin occurring in the Belorussian part of the Białowieża Primeval Forest constitute an enclave situated 120 km to the north-east of a dense fir stand in the Polish part of the forest. In order to protect this population a reserve called ‘Tisovik’ was established. In this study, plant communities occurring in the ‘Tisovik’ reserve were described and its fir population (20 trees) was characterised in terms of its genetic structure.

scholarly journals A preliminary study of the allozyme variation in the grey hamster, Cricetulus migratorius (Mammalia: Rodentia), from the Asian part of Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman İbiş ◽  
Coşkun Tez ◽  
Servet Özcan ◽  
Metin Kiliç ◽  
Murat Telcioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Allozyme Loci

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degree of genetic variation and divergence by cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis between samples of Cricetulus migratorius, a cricetine rodent distributed in the Asian part (Anatolia) of Turkey. Out of twenty allozyme loci scored for fifteen enzyme systems, eleven loci were detected to be polymorphic in at least one locality of the Turkish C. migratorius. Indices of genetic variability (the percentage of polymorphic loci, mean number of alleles per locus, and mean observed and expected heterozygosities) were found to be P(95%) = 28, A = 1.3, Ho = 0.226 and He = 0.218, respectively. Nei?s unbiased genetic distances ranged from 0.000 to 0.153, with an average value of 0.069. The mean gene flow was calculated to be Nm = 0.7484. This is a preliminary study describing the allozymic variations of C. migratorius from Turkey. As there are no extensive data on the allozymic variations of C. migratorius from other regions, our results could not be compared, in detail with those of other populations of the species C. migratorius.

scholarly journals Butt rot occurrence in plus trees of Silver fir Abies alba Mill. and Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) from the Carpathians

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Chomicz-Zegar ◽  
Stanisław Niemtur ◽  
Mariusz Kapsa ◽  
Sławomir Ambroży
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Butt Rot ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Individual Trees

Abstract Due to its hidden character, butt rot occurrence is not commonly included in the assessment of plus trees’ health status. Thus, the trees’ varied susceptibility to wood decay is not a target of breeding efforts. The aim of the study was to determine the extent of butt rot in fir and spruce plus trees from Carpathian seed stands. We employed the novel and non-invasive diagnostic method of sonic tomography to determine presence and severity of decay at the base of 110 plus trees of silver fir and 42 of Norway spruce. Butt rot in various stages of development occurred in 63% of investigated fir trees and in 45% of spruce trees. The proportion of damaged wood on the tomogram ranged from 0–38% in fir and 0–47% in spruce with similar average proportions of solid wood in all forest districts. The vast majority of trees was in the range of 80–90% solid wood. Plus trees of fir and spruce were affected by butt rot to a similar extent and the degree of damage increased with age in both species. However, a large variation in susceptibility to butt rot was found between individual trees leading to the conclusion that the identification of old trees, which wood is not decayed, may be the basis for further research on the resistance to butt rot.

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