scholarly journals Proliferation of peroxisomes in pea root nodules - an influence of NaCI- or Hg2+- stress conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Borucki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Pea Root

Morphometric procedures were used to examine peroxisome number and di-stribution in pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.) root nodules under NaCl (50 mM) or HgCl<sub>2</sub> (7.3 µM) treatment. Peroxisomes were visualized cytochemically in meristem, invasion zone and prefixing zone of pea root nodules by catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activity. The observations using light and electron microscopy revealed that the peroxisomes were predominantly spherical in shape and showed catalase activity. In nitrogen fixation zone, catalase active peroxisomes were observed occasionally. Bacteroids of nitrogen fixing zone showed enhanced cata-lase activity probably as a response to higher level of oxidative stress. Fluorescence microscopy investigations revealed enhanced level of (homo)glutathione in prefixing and nitrogen-fixing zone of NaCl- and Hg<sup>2+</sup>treated nodules, which served as an indicator of antioxidative response. Morphometric measurements revealed that during differentiation of meristematic cells into central tissue (bacteroidal tissue) cells an increase in peroxisome number was observed in unstressed nodules. Peroxisomes located in meristem, invasion zone and prefixing zone of NaCl- and Hg<sup>2+</sup>-treated nodules outnumbered that in control nodules. A substantial enlargement of peroxisome profiles was detected in NaCl- and Hg<sup>2+</sup>treated nodules. Peroxisome divisions observed in meristematic and infection thread penetration zone were responsible for an increase in peroxisome number.

A correlated light and electron microscopic study of symbiotic growth and differentiation in Pisum sativum root nodules

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (18) ◽  
pp. 2163-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Host Cytoplasm

Plants of the garden pea Pisum sativum cv. Little Marvel were grown in aeroponic culture to facilitate observations and microscopy and were inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum, and nodules were sampled at five weekly intervals for light and electron microscopy. The invasion of the cortical cells by the infection thread, the structure of the infection thread, and the release of bacteria from it into the host cytoplasm and the subsequent symbiotic growth and differentiation of the two organisms are described in detail. The fine structure of the nodule is correlated with light microscopic observations and morphogenesis. A restriction in the use of the term 'vesicle' is proposed because of the current multiple and confusing usage of the term. The loss of the nodule meristem and its morphogenetic significance are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of the nitrogen-fixing and protein-synthesizing apparatus of bacteroids in pea root nodules

1979 ◽  
Vol 562 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bisseling ◽  
R.C. Van Den Bos ◽  
M.W. Weststrate ◽  
M.J.J. Hakkaart ◽  
A. Van Kammen
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodules ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Pea Root

scholarly journals Multimodal Spectroscopic Imaging of Pea Root Nodules to Assess the Nitrogen Fixation in the Presence of Biofertilizer Based on Nod-Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12991
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Susniak ◽  
Mikolaj Krysa ◽  
Dominika Kidaj ◽  
Monika Szymanska-Chargot ◽  
Iwona Komaniecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Nod Factors ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir And Raman ◽  
Apparent Distribution

Multimodal spectroscopic imaging methods such as Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI MSI), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to monitor the changes in distribution and to determine semi quantitatively selected metabolites involved in nitrogen fixation in pea root nodules. These approaches were used to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen fixation by pea plants treated with biofertilizer preparations containing Nod factors. To assess the effectiveness of biofertilizer, the fresh and dry masses of plants were determined. The biofertilizer was shown to be effective in enhancing the growth of the pea plants. In case of metabolic changes, the biofertilizer caused a change in the apparent distribution of the leghaemoglobin from the edges of the nodule to its centre (the active zone of nodule). Moreover, the enhanced nitrogen fixation and presumably the accelerated maturation form of the nodules were observed with the use of a biofertilizer.

Light and electron microscopy of red clover vein mosaic virus in pea (Pisum sativum)

1973 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rubio-Huertos ◽  
L. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Red Clover

Light and electron microscopy of pea streak virus in crude sap and tissues of pea (Pisum sativum)

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bos ◽  
M. Rubio-Huertos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Streak Virus

scholarly journals Loss of the nodule-specific cysteine rich peptide, NCR169, abolishes symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the Medicago truncatula dnf7 mutant

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (49) ◽  
pp. 15232-15237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Horváth ◽  
Ágota Domonkos ◽  
Attila Kereszt ◽  
Attila Szűcs ◽  
Edit Ábrahám ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Cell Layers

Host compatible rhizobia induce the formation of legume root nodules, symbiotic organs within which intracellular bacteria are present in plant-derived membrane compartments termed symbiosomes. In Medicago truncatula nodules, the Sinorhizobium microsymbionts undergo an irreversible differentiation process leading to the development of elongated polyploid noncultivable nitrogen fixing bacteroids that convert atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia. This terminal differentiation is directed by the host plant and involves hundreds of nodule specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs). Except for certain in vitro activities of cationic peptides, the functional roles of individual NCR peptides in planta are not known. In this study, we demonstrate that the inability of M. truncatula dnf7 mutants to fix nitrogen is due to inactivation of a single NCR peptide, NCR169. In the absence of NCR169, bacterial differentiation was impaired and was associated with early senescence of the symbiotic cells. Introduction of the NCR169 gene into the dnf7-2/NCR169 deletion mutant restored symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Replacement of any of the cysteine residues in the NCR169 peptide with serine rendered it incapable of complementation, demonstrating an absolute requirement for all cysteines in planta. NCR169 was induced in the cell layers in which bacteroid elongation was most pronounced, and high expression persisted throughout the nitrogen-fixing nodule zone. Our results provide evidence for an essential role of NCR169 in the differentiation and persistence of nitrogen fixing bacteroids in M. truncatula.

scholarly journals Titán-dioxid-nanopálcikák tüdőre kifejtett hatásának állatkísérletes vizsgálata szubakut patkánymodellben

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Horváth ◽  
András Papp ◽  
Mónika Kiricsi ◽  
Nóra Igaz ◽  
Vivien Trenka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Biochemical Methods ◽  
Ti Content ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract: Introduction: The development of nanotechnology increases the risk of occupational and population-level exposure to nanoparticles nowadays. However, scientifically based knowledge relating to the toxicity of heavy metal nanoparticles and potential health damage is insufficient. Aim: Investigation of lung tissue damage induced by titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods in subacute intratracheal instillation by morphological, chemical and biochemical methods in rat model. Method: General toxicity (changes of body and organ weights), local acute and chronic cellular toxicity (in alveolar spaces and epithelium, in hilar lymph nodes) and oxidative stress were examined using light and electron microscopy, and biochemical methods (reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines). Results: No dose- and time-dependent alteration was found in the body weight of the treated groups; but the mass and Ti content of lungs increased with dose. Light and electron microscopy of the lung tissue verified the presence of nanoparticles, free in the alveolar space and within phagosomes of macrophages not attached to alveolar epithelium. Chronification of local acute alveolitis was supported by dose-dependent increase of macrophage count in the alveolar region, oedema and thickening of interstitium, and increased expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1a, LIX, L-selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor). Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation increased substantially in the treated rats’ lungs, and correlation was found between Ti content and lipid peroxidation. Insufficiency of the alveolar epithelial and capillary endothelial barrier was indicated by nanoparticle-laden phagocytes in hilar lymph nodes, suggesting nanoparticles reaching systemic circulation and distant organs, inducing systemic acute inflammation. Conclusion: TiO2 nanoparticles, reaching lower airways, may be etiological factors in the causation or aggravation of pulmonary diseases with acute and chronic airways inflammation and/or progressive fibrosis and obstruction (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma). Autophagy and damaged immune response (lymphocytic activity) may have here a role. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(2): 57–66.

The relative efficiency of nitrogen fixation in pea root nodules

1983 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. D. Dixon ◽  
E. A. G. Blunden
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Pea Root

scholarly journals Expression Map for Genes Involved in Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism in Alfalfa Root Nodules

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian B. Trepp ◽  
Stephen J. Temple ◽  
Bruna Bucciarelli ◽  
Li Fang Shi ◽  
Carroll P. Vance
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Alfalfa Root

During root nodule development several key genes involved in nitrogen fixation and assimilation exhibit enhanced levels of expression. However, little is known about the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of these transcripts. In a systematic study the transcripts for 13 of the essential enzymes involved in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) root nodule nitrogen and carbon metabolism were localized by in situ hybridization. A serial section approach allowed the construction of a map that reflects the relative distribution of these transcripts. In 33-day-old root nodules, the expression of nifH, NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.14) and a cytosolic isoform of glutamine synthetase (GS13; GS; EC 6.3.1.2) were localized predominantly in a 5- to 15-cell-wide region in the distal part of the nitrogen-fixing zone. This zone was also the region of high expression for leghemoglobin, a second cytosolic glutamine synthetase isoform (GS100), aspartate aminotransferase-2 (AAT-2; EC 2.6.1.1), asparagine synthetase (AS; 6.3.5.4), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31), and sucrose synthase (SuSy; EC 2.4.1.13). This suggests that, in 33-day-old alfalfa root nodules, nitrogen fixation is restricted to this 5- to 15-cell-wide area. The continued significant expression of the GS100 subclass of GS and AS in the proximal part of the nitrogen-fixing zone implicates these gene products in nitrogen remobilization. A low constitutive expression of NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH; EC 1.4.1.2) was observed throughout the nodule. The transcript distribution map will be used as a navigational tool to assist in developing strategies for the genetic engineering of alfalfa root nodules for enhanced nitrogen assimilation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document