scholarly journals Short-term monitoring of Arctic trace metal contamination based on Cetrariella delisei bioindicator in Svalbard

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Hubert Wegrzyn ◽  
Paulina Wietrzyk-Pełka ◽  
Paweł Nicia ◽  
Sara Lehmann-Konera ◽  
Maria Olech
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Term Monitoring

This study focuses on short-term monitoring of trace metals in the Svalbard archipelago. Short-term studies using lichen bioindicators are important because temporary changes in lichen trace metal levels are mainly dependent on air pollutants. Here, we investigated temporal and spatial differences in the content of trace metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn measured in the lichen thalli of <em>Cetrariella delisei</em>. The temporal aspect was studied in the marine plain of Calypsostranda between 1988 and 2016 and that of Hornsundneset between 1985 and 2008. The spatial aspect was studied between Hornsundneset in 1985 and Calypsostranda in 1988 as well as between Hornsundneset in 2008 and Calypsostranda in 2016. The results revealed an increase in the concentration of Cr, Mn, Ni, and Co for both the aspects, while a decrease in the contents of Cu, Cd, and Mo was observed. Pb content varied, as Pb level increased with time in Hornsundneset but decreased in Calypsostranda. The Zn content showed no significant changes in both temporal and spatial aspects.

scholarly journals An effective parameterization to quantify multiple solute flux breakthrough curves

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 6993-7017
Author(s):  
E. Bloem ◽  
M. de Gee ◽  
G. H. de Rooij
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Solute Flux ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Solute Fluxes ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. To understand soil and groundwater contamination we study the temporal and spatial aspects of solute transport in the unsaturated zone. One monitoring instrument that captures both aspects is the multi-compartment sampler (MCS). With the MCS developed by Bloem et al. (2010) we are able to measure the downward solute fluxes in 100 compartments at the depth of installation of the MCS, with a minimal disturbance of the flow field. Over time this dataset results in 100 individual solute flux breakthrough curves (BTCs) (temporal aspect). Sorting the BTCs in descending order of solute mass gives the spatial solute distribution curve (spatial aspect). We present a method to quantitatively characterize datasets gathered with MCS (or single samplers installed at multiple locations in a field at the same depth). The method approximates the full set of breakthrough curves using only a single function with four to eight parameters, which combines both temporal and spatial effects of solute transport in soils. This is achieved by modeling the scaled solute flux density breakthrough curves (BTCF) for each compartment as the solution of a conventional one-dimensional equilibrium convection disperion equation (CDE), without modifications. We detect and parameterize any relationships between the resulting transport velocities and dispersion coefficients of the individual BTCFs. Finally the spatial aspect is parameterized using the Beta distribution. This method is based on the flux density BTCs directly, which for transport phenomena is preferred over solute concentrations. In three experiments on undisturbed soils, the resulting approximation matched the data well.

scholarly journals Determination of Trace Metals and Essential Minerals in Selected Fruit Juices in Minna, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Ajai ◽  
S. S. Ochigbo ◽  
Z. Abdullahi ◽  
P. I. Anigboro
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Essential Minerals ◽  
Metal Levels

Levels of trace metals and essential minerals in selected fruit juice samples purchased from Minna were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and Flame photometer. From the obtained result, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Zn were present in all the samples, while Cd, Pb, and Cr were not detectable in all the samples. Concentrations of K range between 1.31 ± 0.10 and 41.20 ± 0.10 mg/100 mL, Na between 15.47 ± 0.15 and 3.50 ± 0.20 mg/100 mL, Mn between Nd and 0.27 ± 0.08 mg/100 mL, Fe between Nd and 0.90 ± 0.05 mg/100 mL, Cu between Nd-0.60 ± 0.00 mg/100 mL, and Zn between Nd-0.09 ± 0.01 mg/100 mL, respectively. The trace metal levels in all the samples were within permissible limit as recommended by WHO for edible foods and drinks and could therefore be taken to compliment the deficiency of these essential minerals from other food sources.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial changes of radon concentration in borehole water (Little Carpathians Mts., Slovakia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1373-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Smetanová ◽  
K. Holý ◽  
M. Müllerová ◽  
A. Polášková ◽  
I. Túnyi
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Deep Boreholes

Abstract. The 222Rn activity concentration in ground water from four boreholes was investigated from January 2006 to June 2008. The boreholes are situated in the region of the Astronomical and Geophysical Observatory in Modra-Piesok (Little Carpathians Mts., 40 km NW from Bratislava, Slovakia). Three boreholes have been drilled in Lower Triassic quartzite. Another borehole has been drilled in granodiorite of the Modra massif in which the quartzite is folded. Temporal and spatial differences in radon concentration were observed. Significant short-term variations were noticed in all boreholes. Precipitation caused the changes of water level and strongly affected the values of 222Rn activity concentration in less deep boreholes. The measured activities in boreholes ranged approximately over 1–240 kBq/m3.

An Empirical Analysis of the Obtrusiveness of and Participants' Compliance with the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR)

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias R. Mehl ◽  
Shannon E. Holleran
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Audio Recorder ◽  
Term Monitoring

Abstract. In this article, the authors provide an empirical analysis of the obtrusiveness of and participants' compliance with a relatively new psychological ambulatory assessment method, called the electronically activated recorder or EAR. The EAR is a modified portable audio-recorder that periodically records snippets of ambient sounds from participants' daily environments. In tracking moment-to-moment ambient sounds, the EAR yields an acoustic log of a person's day as it unfolds. As a naturalistic observation sampling method, it provides an observer's account of daily life and is optimized for the assessment of audible aspects of participants' naturally-occurring social behaviors and interactions. Measures of self-reported and behaviorally-assessed EAR obtrusiveness and compliance were analyzed in two samples. After an initial 2-h period of relative obtrusiveness, participants habituated to wearing the EAR and perceived it as fairly unobtrusive both in a short-term (2 days, N = 96) and a longer-term (10-11 days, N = 11) monitoring. Compliance with the method was high both during the short-term and longer-term monitoring. Somewhat reduced compliance was identified over the weekend; this effect appears to be specific to student populations. Important privacy and data confidentiality considerations around the EAR method are discussed.

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATIONS OF TRACE METAL LOADING TO UTAH LAKE (UT), U.S.A

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Peterson ◽  
◽  
Henintsoa Rakotoarisaona ◽  
Henintsoa Rakotoarisaona ◽  
Weihong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Metal Loading ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Utah Lake

Aspect and space

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Champollion
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Domain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
The Way

This chapter models the relation between temporal aspect (run for an hour vs. *run all the way to the store for an hour) and spatial aspect (meander for a mile vs. *end for a mile) previously discussed by Gawron (2009). The chapter shows that for-adverbials impose analogous conditions on the spatial domain and on the temporal domain, and that an event may satisfy stratified reference with respect to one of the domains without satisfying it with respect to the other one as well. This provides the means to extend the telic-atelic opposition to the spatial domain. The chapter argues in some detail that stratified reference is in this respect empirically superior to an alternative view of telicity based on divisive reference (Krifka 1998).

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTATIONS OF THE NOTCH LOCUS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L Shellenbarger ◽  
J Dawson Mohler
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Region Temperature ◽  
Complex Locus ◽  
Notch Locus ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Interallelic Complementation ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Temperature-conditional mutations of the Notch locus were characterized in an attempt to understand the organization of a "complex locus" and the control of its function in development. Among 21 newly induced Notch alleles, about one-half are temperature-conditional for some effects, and three are temperature-sensitive for viability. One temperature-sensitive lethal, l(1)Nts1, is functionally non-complementing for all known effects of Notch locus mutations and maps at a single site within the locus. Among the existing alleles involved in complex patterns of interallelic complementation, Ax59d5 is found to be temperature-sensitive, while fag, spl, and l(1)N are temperature-independent. Whereas temperature-sensitive alleles map predominantly to the right-most fifth of the locus, fag, spl, and l(1)N are known to map to the left of this region. Temperature-shift experiments demonstrate that fag, spl, and l(1)N cause defects at specific, non-overlapping times in development.—We conclude (1) that the Notch locus is a single cistron (responsible for a single functional molecule, presumably a polypeptide); (2) that the right-most fifth of the locus is, at least in part, the region involved in coding for the Notch product; (3) that the complexity of interallelic complementation is a developmental effect of mutations that cause defects at selected times and spaces, and that complementation occurs because the mutant defects are temporally and spatially non-overlapping; and (4) that mutants express selected defects due to critical temporal and spatial differences in the chemical conditions controlling the synthesis or function of the Notch product. The complexity of the locus appears to reside in controlling the expression (synthesis or function) of the Notch product in development.

scholarly journals AB1082 INFLUENCE OF THE VARIATION OF THE OPERATOR, PATIENT POSITION AND DEVICE ON THE MEASUREMENT PERFORMANCE OF RADIOFREQUENCY ECHOGRAPHIC MULTI SPECTROMETRY (REMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1830.1-1830
Author(s):  
C. Caffarelli ◽  
G. Adami ◽  
G. Arioli ◽  
G. Bianchi ◽  
M. L. Brandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Patient Position ◽  
Term Monitoring

Background:The monitoring of bone mineral density (BMD) is a key aspect for patients undergoing pharmacological treatments that might cause BMD changes at non-physiological rates. At present, the short-term follow-up of patients under treatment in terms of BMD change with time remains an unmet clinical need, since the current techniques, including the gold standard dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), require at least 1 year between two consecutive measurements [1]. Therefore, an effective strategy for the assessment of BMD should guarantee high accuracy, precision and repeatability of the measurements.Objectives:The aim is to assess the influence of the variation 1) in patient position, 2) operator (both intra- and inter-) and 3) device on the REMS performance at lumbar spine and femoral neck.Methods:210 women were enrolled, divided in 7 groups of 30-patient each for the assessment of the parameters of interest, i.e. inter-device, intra- and inter-operator repeatability for lumbar spine scans and inter-patient position, inter-device, intra- and inter-operator repeatability for femoral neck scans.All patients underwent 2 REMS scans at lumbar spine or femoral neck, performed by the same operator or by 2 different operators or by the same operator using 2 different devices or in different patient position (i.e. supine without constraints or with a constrained 25°-rotation of the leg). The percentage coefficient of variation (CV%) with 95% confidence interval and least significant change for a 95% confidence level (LSC) have been calculated.Results:For lumbar spine, intra-operator repeatability resulted in CV%=0.37% (95%CI: 0.26%-0.48%), with LSC=1.02%, inter-operator repeatability resulted in CV%=0.55% (95% CI: 0.42%-0.68%), with LSC=1.52%, inter-device repeatability resulted in CV%=0.53% (95% CI: 0.40%-0.66%), with LSC=1.47%.For femoral neck, intra-operator repeatability resulted in CV%=0.33% (95%CI: 0.23%-0.43%), with LSC=0.91%, inter-operator repeatability resulted in CV%=0.47% (95% CI: 0.35%-0.59%), with LSC=1.30%, inter-device repeatability resulted in CV%=0.42% (95% CI: 0.30%-0.51%), with LSC=1.16%, inter-patient position repeatability resulted in CV%=0.24% (95% CI: 0.18%-0.30%), with LSC=0.66%.Conclusion:REMS densitometry is highly precise for both anatomical sites, showing high performance in repeatability. These results suggest that REMS might be a suitable technology for short-term monitoring. Moreover, thanks to its ionizing radiation-free approach, it might be applied for population mass investigations and prevention programs also in paediatric patients and pregnant women.References:Note:Carla Caffarelli, Giovanni Adami§, Giovanni Arioli§, Gerolamo Bianchi§, Maria Luisa Brandi§, Sergio Casciaro§, Luisella Cianferotti§, Delia Ciardo§, Francesco Conversano§, Davide Gatti§, Giuseppe Girasole§, Monica Manfredini§, Maurizio Muratore§, Paola Pisani§, Eugenio Quarta§, Laura Quarta§, Stefano Gonnelli§Equal contributors listed in alphabetical orderDisclosure of Interests:Carla Caffarelli: None declared, Giovanni Adami: None declared, Giovanni Arioli *: None declared, Gerolamo Bianchi Grant/research support from: Celgene, Consultant of: Amgen, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Abiogen, Alfa-Sigma, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Chiesi, Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Medac, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Servier, UCB, Maria Luisa Brandi: None declared, Sergio Casciaro: None declared, Luisella Cianferotti: None declared, Delia Ciardo: None declared, Francesco Conversano: None declared, Davide Gatti Speakers bureau: Davide Gatti reports personal fees from Abiogen, Amgen, Janssen-Cilag, Mundipharma, outside the submitted work., Giuseppe Girasole: None declared, Monica Manfedini: None declared, Maurizio Muratore: None declared, Paola Pisani: None declared, Eugenio Quarta: None declared, Laura Quarta: None declared, Stefano Gonnelli: None declared

scholarly journals Marine ammonia-oxidising archaea and bacteria occupy distinct iron and copper niches

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana T. Shafiee ◽  
Poppy J. Diver ◽  
Joseph T. Snow ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Rosalind E. M. Rickaby
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Testable Hypothesis ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
Toxicity Threshold ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
Additional Explanation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Archaea

AbstractAmmonia oxidation by archaea and bacteria (AOA and AOB), is the first step of nitrification in the oceans. As AOA have an ammonium affinity 200-fold higher than AOB isolates, the chemical niche allowing AOB to persist in the oligotrophic ocean remains unclear. Here we show that marine isolates, Nitrosopumilus maritimus strain SCM1 (AOA) and Nitrosococcus oceani strain C-107 (AOB) have contrasting physiologies in response to the trace metals iron (Fe) and copper (Cu), holding potential implications for their niche separation in the oceans. A greater affinity for unchelated Fe may allow AOB to inhabit shallower, euphotic waters where ammonium supply is high, but competition for Fe is rife. In contrast to AOB, AOA isolates have a greater affinity and toxicity threshold for unchelated Cu providing additional explanation to the greater success of AOA in the marine environment where Cu availability can be highly variable. Using comparative genomics, we predict that the proteomic and metal transport basis giving rise to contrasting physiologies in isolates is widespread across phylogenetically diverse marine AOA and AOB that are not yet available in pure culture. Our results develop the testable hypothesis that ammonia oxidation may be limited by Cu in large tracts of the open ocean and suggest a relatively earlier emergence of AOB than AOA when considered in the context of evolving trace metal availabilities over geologic time.

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