scholarly journals Bicycle parking for office buildings in Frankfurt Main/Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Wilhelm Eger
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modal Split ◽  
Business District ◽  
Parking Facilities

Until the end of 20th century new big office buildings in Germany – even in the central business district CBD – didn’t provide any or much too less facilities for bicycle parking. Since then the already existing state and municipal regulations have been enforced and new ones exist which define the mandatory number of bicycle parking lots for new office buildings. But now it can be seen that too many lots are required, the real demand is in many cases – and will be in the foreseeable future – much lower. With data from EU and German sources the situation in the Frankfurt am Main CBD is described: political goals for sustainable traffic by enforcing bicycle usage; municipal regulations for the number of bicycle parking facilities; comparison between (politically defined) requirements and the expected real demand. Today’s and future modal-split data for bike usage at office buildings from empirical traffic surveys and assumptions in Frankfurt are presented. Examples of bicycle parking facilities for already existing and planned office buildings in Frankfurt are provided, showing as result a compromise between city’s regulation and the expected demand for bicycle lots.

Quantifying the recurring nature of fitout to assist LCA studies in office buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Forsythe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business District

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify fitout churn in office buildings to more accurately evaluate the recurrent embodied energy in life cycle assessment studies. Design/methodology/approach Three research methods were used in the context of Central Business District (CBD) office buildings in Sydney. Method 1 involved leasing records from 528 office buildings; method 2, a leasing history from a selective sample of three prime grade office buildings; method 3, a targeted survey of 21 property professionals concerning fitout churn cycle estimates. Findings Prime buildings are the area of most interest to fitout churn because they represent a large proportion of total office floor area. The churn rate differs according to office tenancy type (as defined by small, medium and large leased areas). Large tenants occupy the majority of floor space. Lease duration as obtained from Method 1, offers a reasonable proxy for predicting fitout churn. Using this method coupled with weighted-average calculations, the data indicate a fitout churn rate of 8.2 years. Research limitations/implications Variability concerning the situational context of Sydney CBD office buildings restricts broad generalisability of the findings. However, the research method used in this study would enable broad-based comparison and the potential for verification. Originality/value The main contribution of the research is to improve the ability to accurately predict fitout churn cycles as previous work only involves limited case studies and arbitrary estimates, thus lacking a strong evidence based.

The Central Business District in American Cities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Remus
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Land Values ◽  
White Families ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Business District ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

The central business district, often referred to as the “downtown,” was the economic nucleus of the American city in the 19th and 20th centuries. It stood at the core of urban commercial life, if not always the geographic center of the metropolis. Here was where the greatest number of offices, banks, stores, and service institutions were concentrated—and where land values and building heights reached their peaks. The central business district was also the most easily accessible point in a city, the place where public transit lines intersected and brought together masses of commuters from outlying as well as nearby neighborhoods. In the downtown, laborers, capitalists, shoppers, and tourists mingled together on bustling streets and sidewalks. Not all occupants enjoyed equal influence in the central business district. Still, as historian Jon C. Teaford explained in his classic study of American cities, the downtown was “the one bit of turf common to all,” the space where “the diverse ethnic, economic, and social strains of urban life were bound together, working, spending, speculating, and investing.” The central business district was not a static place. Boundaries shifted, expanding and contracting as the city grew and the economy evolved. So too did the primary land uses. Initially a multifunctional space where retail, wholesale, manufacturing, and financial institutions crowded together, the central business district became increasingly segmented along commercial lines in the 19th century. By the early 20th century, rising real estate prices and traffic congestion drove most manufacturing and processing operations to the periphery. Remaining behind in the city center were the bulk of the nation’s offices, stores, and service institutions. As suburban growth accelerated in the mid-20th century, many of these businesses also vacated the downtown, following the flow of middle-class, white families. Competition with the suburbs drained the central business district of much of its commercial vitality in the second half of the 20th century. It also inspired a variety of downtown revitalization schemes that tended to reinforce inequalities of race and class.

scholarly journals Feasibility of on-Street Parking Based on Degree of Saturation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Cut Mutiawati ◽  
Lulusi Lulusi ◽  
Fitrika Mita Suryani ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto
Keyword(s):  
Stable Condition ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
The Road ◽  
Geometric Conditions ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
Business District ◽  
Parking Facilities

On-street parking leads to reduced road capacity and decreased traffic performance of the certain road. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of on-street parking based on road performance. The study was conducted at Central Business District namely Peunayong, Banda Aceh. Based on the Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual (IHCM) one of the performance parameter values is Degree of Saturation (DS). The data needed for calculation of DS are the geometric conditions, traffic volume and the side frictions. The results indicate that on-street parking facilities on segment 2 of Khairil Anwar Street should be evaluated, as the DS value is greater than 0.75 (unstable road condition), by changing parking patterns into a parallel configuration or eliminating parking facilities. Furthermore, the parking configuration of R.A. Kartini Street also needs to be rearranged. Despite the stable road performance, this road is uncomfortable to pass because there is only one lane remained due to unfeasible parking patterns and existence of street market along the segment. The road performance of Khairil Anwar Street (segment 1), Ahmad Yani Street, W.R Supratman Street, T.P. Polem Street, Twk. Daudsyah Street and Ratu Safiatuddin Street is in stable condition, with DS < 0.75. This indicating that on-street parking facilities can be maintained. While as for the W.R. Supratman and Ahmad Yani Street should be evaluated in year of 2019 to avoid traffic jam along this corridors. 

scholarly journals Analisis Tarif Parkir di Kawasan Central Business DistrictT Kota Pangkalpinang

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revy Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Regional Income ◽  
Ability To Pay ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Business District ◽  
Parking Facilities ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Research Analysis

Central Business District of Pangkalpinang, Plaza Pangkapinang – Bangka Trade Center Area, generate high vehicles trip. The high of vehicles trip that go to this area has created incerasing parking spaces requirement. One of the factors that influences in limiting parking spaces and as source of regional income is parking fee. So, the parking fee in Plaza Pangkalpinang – Bangka Trade Center Area needs to be analyzed to find out the suitablity of exsiting parking fee. In this research, analysis of parking fee was reviewed based on Ability To Pay (ATP) dan Willingness To Pay (WTP). The result of analysis shows that the parking fee of motorcycle for both on-street parking and parking lot, and the parking fee of car for on-street parking need to be adjusted with increasing parking facilities. While, the parking fee of car on parking lot has suited if followed by increasing parking facilities.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH HARMONISA PADA TRANSFORMATOR DISTRIBUSI DI HARI KERJA DAN HARI LIBUR PADA GEDUNG PERKANTORAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Chairul Hudaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Voltage Waveform ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Business District ◽  
A Current

Harmonics are a phenomenon of voltage waveform deviationand currents that are transmitted and distributed from source to load in the formpure sinusoidal waves. This research aims to learn aboutthe influence of harmonics on distribution transformers in office buildings as wellcompare the effect on weekdays and holidays. From the measurement results inSudirman Central Business District is known that transformers 1 and 3 existharmonics with a current THD percentage of 25.27% and 22.32% on weekdays.While on holidays there is transformer 1 which has a percentage of THD current17.24% which exceeds the IEEE 519-1992 allowable limit of 15%.The dominant harmonics are the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics. With a percentage of THDcurrents that exceed the standard limits will result in performance and even degradationdamage to electrical equipment or components. The results of the study show that at the momentsmall load (holidays) THD the resulting current is not too large due to the loadless use than during large loads (working days).

Relationship of Freight Facilities in Central Business District Office Buildings to Truck Traffic

2000 ◽  
Vol 1707 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne G. Morris ◽  
Alain L. Kornhauser
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
District Office ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
Business District ◽  
Relationship Of

Intracity goods movement is profoundly affected by the facilities and services available for pickups and deliveries in commercial office buildings (COBs). Inadequate freight-handling facilities in New York City’s central business district (CBD) were identified as major barriers to freight mobility by shippers and carriers in industry-sector focus groups and in freight mobility interviews. Property managers of COBs completed 28 surveys that provided data about building characteristics, the number and size of freight elevators, a description of the dock area, and delivery windows. Results indicated that inadequate docks or receiving areas and insufficient freight elevators did not support the increasing number of freight deliveries, resulting in a significant amount of off-loading on the streets. Most property managers surveyed believed that enlarging docks would increase dock functionality. A time-and-motion study of vehicular deliveries to loading docks was carried out at two COBs located in the CBD. It documented time of delivery, dwell time in the dock, dwell time on the street, size and type of vehicle, and so forth, for a 10-week period in the summer of 1997. Most deliveries occurred in the mornings; dwell times averaged 33 min in the dock and on the street. A majority of straight trucks were under 7.31 m (24 ft) in length.

scholarly journals Abuse of Parking Facilities and the Decay of Ikeja Central Business District, Ikeja Local Government Area, Lagos State

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O Ige
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business District ◽  
Parking Facilities

Illegal parking has been a topical issue in environmental planning and management, especially in the area of generating early warning systems for preparedness against space abuse. However, the concentration of research effort on accessibility in central business district with unjustified neglect of parking abuse impedes the search for analytical explanations and effective strategies to control spatial challenges. The study examined the types and nature of parking facilities and parking abuse. It also examined causes and effects of the abuse, as well as the response to abuse of the parking facilities in Ikeja Central Business District of Ikeja Local Government Area. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were collected through in-depth interview with opinion leaders and questionnaires administered to 106 respondents randomly sampled in the core and periphery of the Central Business District of Ikeja. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentage and chi-square. Secondary data used were map of the study area and images generated from Google earth. Results showed that there were two types of parking facilities; off-street (destination parking lot) and on-street parking facilities in the area. The nature of parking abuse was highly indiscriminate, and the prevailing type of parking facility abuse in the study area was unauthorized conversion of earmarked parking spaces to commercial trading spots. The effects of the parking abuse were mainly unavailability of parking space and traffic congestion, and the major perpetuators of the abuse were traders. The response of enforcement officials to indiscriminate parking was affirmed to be inefficient by 87.7% of the respondents. The study concluded that the abuse of parking facility was rampant in the study area.

Measuring office fit-out changes to determine recurring embodied energy in building life cycle assessment

Facilities ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Forsythe ◽  
Sara Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business District

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantify and profile the indicative amount of retrofits in office buildings as a necessary step in quantifying the recurring embodied energy in office buildings. Buildings are a major source of energy usage and emissions, and office buildings are a significant contributor to this situation. Life cycle assessments in this area have tended to neglect the potentially large impact arising from recurring embodied energy associated with office fit-out – which is often akin to a short-term consumable rather than a long-term durable in many multi-storey buildings. Design/methodology/approach – This study used building permit data from the Melbourne Central Business District (n = 986) over the period 2006-2010 (inclusive) to quantify the number of retrofits and related trends. Building on this, a small number of targeted case study buildings were used to probe specific issues in profiling trends associated with high-frequency trends arising from the main sample. Findings – The data show that the number of retrofits varies according to location, grade, size and the age of buildings. Using the case study data, there is initial evidence to suggest that between 46 and 70 per cent of the floors in a high-rise office building will undergo retrofit in a five-year period. Further research should apply these data to recurring energy modelling for office buildings. Research limitations/implications – One limitation which applies to this study is that the research is limited to a defined geographical area in one Australian city, Melbourne. Secondly the study covers a specific period, and the number of retrofits may be affected negatively or positively depending on the prevailing market conditions. Practical implications – This paper raises important questions in respect of life cycle carbon emissions in the context of prevailing trends to shorter lease terms and practices around fit-out. Originality/value – The retrofit of office buildings tends to go unnoticed and unmeasured in the debate about sustainable buildings. The paper provides original thought development and important measurement input which will assist in providing a more accurate and meaningful life cycle assessment of office buildings.

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