WORK MOTION STUDY OF PIVOT TYPE TRAILER OPERATION ON TWO WHEEL TRACTORS

This study aims to analyze the pivot type trailer operation with an ergonomic approach and the necessary interventions required to minimize work risks. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and video recordings of the operators when the tractors as well as trailers were being operated at various conditions such as track, load, speed, straight motion or turn. Based on the Range of Motion (ROM) analysis, it was discovered that while operating this pivot type trailer, the upper body segments, such as neck, shoulders, elbows and back of the operator, comfortably controlled the tractor. Meanwhile, in the lower body segments, such as the thighs and knees, the operator generally felt discomfort. Furthermore, the analysis of the operator's subjectivity perception showed that discomfort was felt at several segments of the upper and lower body, such as the hands and knees. Therefore, several ergonomic interventions are required to increase the comfort of operating this pivot type trailer.

Emergency department physicians’ distribution of time in the fast paced-workflow-a novel time-motion study of drug-related activities

Background In the emergency department physicians are forced to distribute their time to ensure that all admitted patients receive appropriate emergency care. Previous studies have raised concerns about medication discrepancies in patient’s drug lists at admission to the emergency department. Thus, it is important to study how emergency department physicians distribute their time, to highlight where workflow redesign can be needed.Aim to quantify how emergency department physicians distribute their time between various task categories, with particular focus on drug-related tasks.Method Direct observation, time-motion study of emergency department physicians at Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Physicians’ activities were categorized in discrete categories and data were collected with the validated method of Work Observation Method By Activity Timing between October 2018 to January 2019. Bootstrap analysis determined 95% confidence intervals for proportions and interruption rates.Results During the observation time of 91.4 h, 31 emergency department physicians were observed. In total, physicians spent majority of their time gathering information (36.5%), communicating (26.3%), and documenting (24.2%). Further, physicians spent 17.8% (95% CI 16.8%, 19.3%) of their time on drug-related tasks. On average, physicians spent 7.8 min (95% CI 7.2, 8.6) per hour to obtain and document patients’ drug lists.Conclusion Emergency department physicians are required to conduct numerous essential tasks and distributes a minor proportion of their time on drug-related tasks. More efficient information flow regarding drugs should be facilitated at transitions of care. The presence of healthcare personnel dedicated to obtaining drug lists in the emergency department should be considered.

ANALYSIS OF THE GAINS IN THE WORKSTATIONS OF AN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY FROM AN ERGONOMICS-BASED TIME AND MOTION STUDY

High-efficiency manufacturing has been one of the main goals of companies, requiring the use of adequate techniques and tools with high value and low cost to increase productivity. In this case, industrial companies focus on increasing productivity without losing quality in services and products, using adequate techniques without high investments to avoid compromising the final result. This study applies time and motion study techniques to two workstations of a specific automotive industry. Accordingly, ergonomics data on specific tasks are collected, with satisfactory results. The method proposed simplifications in workstations, reduces times, and, therefore, increases productivity.

CONTRIBUTION OF MOTION STUDY TO STANDARD TIME AT BALL TEA STATION (CASE STUDY PT. MITRA KERINCI, SOUTH SOLOK)

PT Mitra Kerinci is a company established in West Sumatra Province which is engaged in tea plantations and tea processing in its factories. PT Mitra Kerinci produces an average of 7,000 kg or 7 tons of green tea shoots per day. The production process for processing tea shoots, the factory sometimes does not reach the production target in accordance with the production target of the company. The goal of research to determine the amount of the contribution of the motion study to the standard time and determine the amount of the contribution of the standard time to the increase in productivity in the final drying process at Ball Tea station, the production of tea shoots at PT. Kerinci Partners. This research an experimental research type and uses the same subject research design (treatment by subject design), namely the treatment is imposed on the same subject. The results of time calculations after the motion study on the process flow map reached 15,676.02 seconds. Then proceed with the calculation of the cycle time which reaches 825.41 seconds with the actual standard deviation obtained at 3.58 and the standard deviation of the subgroup distribution is 1.79. After knowing the results of the average cycle time, the actual standard deviation and the standard deviation of the subgroup distribution, the data uniformity test was continued, starting with calculating the BKA and BKB. The BKA calculation results obtained 830.78 and the BKB reached 820.04. So that in the data uniformity test the results reached 0.908. In the series of movements of the left and right hands after the repair, a cycle time of 825.41 seconds / unit of Ball Tea was obtained from the previous time, reaching 906.66 units / Ball Tea and getting a time difference of 81.25 seconds. In the calculation of the standard time, the normal time calculation is carried out first, after it is known that the result of the adjustment calculation reaches 1.12 so that the normal time is obtained with a total of 924.45 seconds. Continue to calculate the standard time and the results reach 1423.65 seconds with an allowance of 54%. This contributed to an increase in productivity by 5.7%.

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Tunggu Pelayanan Rawat Jalan Pasien di RSUD Kota Makassar

Menurut Kemenkes RI Nomor 129/Menkes/SK/II 2008 waktu tunggu pelayanan adalah waktu yang diperlukan mulai dari pasien mendaftar di tempat pendaftraran pasien rawat jalan (TPPRJ), sampai dilayani oleh dokter dipoliklinik tujuan, dengan standar waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan yang ditetapkan yaitu rata-rata ≤ 60 menit (Kemenkes,2008). Berdasarkan survey awal di RSUD Kota Makassar, diketahui bahwa dari 10 pasien, menunjukkan bahwa ada 7 (70%) pasien memiliki waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan yang lebih dari standar yaitu 65 -74 menit dan 3 (30%) pasien memiliki waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan yang kurang dari 60 menit sesuai standar kemenkes yaitu 47-58 menit.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Tunggu Pelayanan Rawat Jalan Pasien RSUD Kota Makassar Tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pedekatan deskriptif dan waktu tunggu pasien menggunakan Time Motion Study. Sampel berjumlah 86 Pasien, sampel diambil dengan cara Random sampling. Pengumpulan data di peroleh menggunakan Observasi, Stopwatch/jam dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh faktor-faktor waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan pasien Dengan menggunakan nilai sig 0,346 > 0,05 pada pelayanan loket pendaftran tidak pengaruh terhadap waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan pasien, nilai sig 0,644 > 0,05 pada sarana dan prasarana tidak pengaruh terhadap waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan pasien, nilai sig 0,355 > 0,05 pada pemeriksaan poliklinik tidak pengaruh terhadap waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan pasien, nilai sig 0,953 > 0,05 pada pengambilan obat/farmasi tidak pengaruh terhadap waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan pasien, waktu tunggu pasien mulai dari pasien mendaftar sampai selesai pengambilan obat/farmasi dengan kategori waktu tunggu pasien rawat jalan yang sesuai < 60 menit yakni 42 (48,8%) dan tidak sesuai > 60 menit yakni 44 (51,2%). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada faktor mempengaruhi waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan pasien rsud kota Makassar, penyebab lama waktu tunggu pasien disebabkan karena kurangnya petugas diloket pendaftran, pada pasien BPJS dan jamkesda lupa atau kurang berkas-berkarnya, tidak bawa kartu berobat (pasien lama), keterlambatan dokter dan distribusian BRM pasien lambat sampai di poliklinik, waktu tunggu pelayanan rawat jalan pasiendi RSUD Kota Makassar melebihi standar. Disarankan pelayanan loket pendaftaran dengan cepat dan tanggap, perlunya pengerekrutan pegawai di loket pendaftran dan diharapkan bagi peneliti, perlu diadakan peletian lebih lanjut tentang faktor mempengaruhi waktu tunggu pasien rawat jalan.

Modulators of Caregiver Distress and Corresponding Impacts on Persons With Dementia

Extensive literature documents the detrimental effects of caregiver distress (CD) for caregivers. Less is known about the impact that CD exerts upon their care recipients, particularly persons with dementia (PwD). Using multilevel modeling, this study employed dyadic data from the Voices in Motion study to examine time-varying within-person associations between key caregiver and care recipient indicators of psychosocial function. An initial dyadic coupling model indicated that cognitive functioning for PwD and caregiver well-being significantly predicted shifts in CD. A second time-varying dyadic model found that, within dyads, high levels of CD predicted lower positive affect and increased depression scores in PwD. Most sociocognitive interventions target a sole member of a dyad; our results suggest that both dyad members are impacted simultaneously. Caregiver well-being impacts CD, which in turn, impacts well-being in PwD. The symbiotic relationship between care partners and PwD is nuanced, with further research required to understand the interdependencies.