Tenants’ Motivations to Lease Green Office Buildings: an Exploratory Study of Sydney Central Business District

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumin Kim ◽  
Benson T. H. Lim ◽  
Jinu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Business District

Quantifying the recurring nature of fitout to assist LCA studies in office buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Forsythe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business District

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify fitout churn in office buildings to more accurately evaluate the recurrent embodied energy in life cycle assessment studies. Design/methodology/approach Three research methods were used in the context of Central Business District (CBD) office buildings in Sydney. Method 1 involved leasing records from 528 office buildings; method 2, a leasing history from a selective sample of three prime grade office buildings; method 3, a targeted survey of 21 property professionals concerning fitout churn cycle estimates. Findings Prime buildings are the area of most interest to fitout churn because they represent a large proportion of total office floor area. The churn rate differs according to office tenancy type (as defined by small, medium and large leased areas). Large tenants occupy the majority of floor space. Lease duration as obtained from Method 1, offers a reasonable proxy for predicting fitout churn. Using this method coupled with weighted-average calculations, the data indicate a fitout churn rate of 8.2 years. Research limitations/implications Variability concerning the situational context of Sydney CBD office buildings restricts broad generalisability of the findings. However, the research method used in this study would enable broad-based comparison and the potential for verification. Originality/value The main contribution of the research is to improve the ability to accurately predict fitout churn cycles as previous work only involves limited case studies and arbitrary estimates, thus lacking a strong evidence based.

scholarly journals Bicycle parking for office buildings in Frankfurt Main/Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Wilhelm Eger
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modal Split ◽  
Business District ◽  
Parking Facilities

Until the end of 20th century new big office buildings in Germany – even in the central business district CBD – didn’t provide any or much too less facilities for bicycle parking. Since then the already existing state and municipal regulations have been enforced and new ones exist which define the mandatory number of bicycle parking lots for new office buildings. But now it can be seen that too many lots are required, the real demand is in many cases – and will be in the foreseeable future – much lower. With data from EU and German sources the situation in the Frankfurt am Main CBD is described: political goals for sustainable traffic by enforcing bicycle usage; municipal regulations for the number of bicycle parking facilities; comparison between (politically defined) requirements and the expected real demand. Today’s and future modal-split data for bike usage at office buildings from empirical traffic surveys and assumptions in Frankfurt are presented. Examples of bicycle parking facilities for already existing and planned office buildings in Frankfurt are provided, showing as result a compromise between city’s regulation and the expected demand for bicycle lots.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH HARMONISA PADA TRANSFORMATOR DISTRIBUSI DI HARI KERJA DAN HARI LIBUR PADA GEDUNG PERKANTORAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Chairul Hudaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Voltage Waveform ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Business District ◽  
A Current

Harmonics are a phenomenon of voltage waveform deviationand currents that are transmitted and distributed from source to load in the formpure sinusoidal waves. This research aims to learn aboutthe influence of harmonics on distribution transformers in office buildings as wellcompare the effect on weekdays and holidays. From the measurement results inSudirman Central Business District is known that transformers 1 and 3 existharmonics with a current THD percentage of 25.27% and 22.32% on weekdays.While on holidays there is transformer 1 which has a percentage of THD current17.24% which exceeds the IEEE 519-1992 allowable limit of 15%.The dominant harmonics are the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics. With a percentage of THDcurrents that exceed the standard limits will result in performance and even degradationdamage to electrical equipment or components. The results of the study show that at the momentsmall load (holidays) THD the resulting current is not too large due to the loadless use than during large loads (working days).

Relationship of Freight Facilities in Central Business District Office Buildings to Truck Traffic

2000 ◽  
Vol 1707 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne G. Morris ◽  
Alain L. Kornhauser
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
District Office ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Building Characteristics ◽  
Business District ◽  
Relationship Of

Intracity goods movement is profoundly affected by the facilities and services available for pickups and deliveries in commercial office buildings (COBs). Inadequate freight-handling facilities in New York City’s central business district (CBD) were identified as major barriers to freight mobility by shippers and carriers in industry-sector focus groups and in freight mobility interviews. Property managers of COBs completed 28 surveys that provided data about building characteristics, the number and size of freight elevators, a description of the dock area, and delivery windows. Results indicated that inadequate docks or receiving areas and insufficient freight elevators did not support the increasing number of freight deliveries, resulting in a significant amount of off-loading on the streets. Most property managers surveyed believed that enlarging docks would increase dock functionality. A time-and-motion study of vehicular deliveries to loading docks was carried out at two COBs located in the CBD. It documented time of delivery, dwell time in the dock, dwell time on the street, size and type of vehicle, and so forth, for a 10-week period in the summer of 1997. Most deliveries occurred in the mornings; dwell times averaged 33 min in the dock and on the street. A majority of straight trucks were under 7.31 m (24 ft) in length.

Measuring office fit-out changes to determine recurring embodied energy in building life cycle assessment

Facilities ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Forsythe ◽  
Sara Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business District

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantify and profile the indicative amount of retrofits in office buildings as a necessary step in quantifying the recurring embodied energy in office buildings. Buildings are a major source of energy usage and emissions, and office buildings are a significant contributor to this situation. Life cycle assessments in this area have tended to neglect the potentially large impact arising from recurring embodied energy associated with office fit-out – which is often akin to a short-term consumable rather than a long-term durable in many multi-storey buildings. Design/methodology/approach – This study used building permit data from the Melbourne Central Business District (n = 986) over the period 2006-2010 (inclusive) to quantify the number of retrofits and related trends. Building on this, a small number of targeted case study buildings were used to probe specific issues in profiling trends associated with high-frequency trends arising from the main sample. Findings – The data show that the number of retrofits varies according to location, grade, size and the age of buildings. Using the case study data, there is initial evidence to suggest that between 46 and 70 per cent of the floors in a high-rise office building will undergo retrofit in a five-year period. Further research should apply these data to recurring energy modelling for office buildings. Research limitations/implications – One limitation which applies to this study is that the research is limited to a defined geographical area in one Australian city, Melbourne. Secondly the study covers a specific period, and the number of retrofits may be affected negatively or positively depending on the prevailing market conditions. Practical implications – This paper raises important questions in respect of life cycle carbon emissions in the context of prevailing trends to shorter lease terms and practices around fit-out. Originality/value – The retrofit of office buildings tends to go unnoticed and unmeasured in the debate about sustainable buildings. The paper provides original thought development and important measurement input which will assist in providing a more accurate and meaningful life cycle assessment of office buildings.

Freight facilities for central business district office buildings

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-476
Author(s):  
Herbert H. Ho ◽  
John F. Morrall
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
District Office ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Business District ◽  
Space Requirements ◽  
The University ◽  
Urban Goods Movement ◽  
Service Vehicles

Inadequate end-point facilities in office buildings for shipping and receiving freight are partly due to a lack of understanding of the urban goods movement problem by architects and engineers and partly due to inadequate municipal freight facility by-laws. The problems created by inadequate freight facilities impose a wide range of environmental, social, and economic impacts on an urban area. Because of the magnitude and extent of these impacts engineers involved with the planning, design, and approval of office buildings must take an increasingly comprehensive view of the range of factors that should be considered in the design and operation of office building freight facilities.This paper is based on a recently completed study of urban freight facilities conducted by the Department of Civil Engineering of The University of Calgary for the City of Calgary Transportation Department. The study included measurement of arrival rates and service times of delivery trucks, couriers, and service vehicles at office buildings in Calgary. These measurements, in addition to a survey of existing freight facilities in central business district office buildings, formed the basis for the development of a proposal to revise existing zoning by-laws regarding freight facilities. The primary deficiency of existing Calgary by-laws is that they overstate the need for delivery vehicle facilities by a factor of two for larger office buildings and neglect the space requirements for couriers and service vehicles. The paper includes a comparison of freight facility by-laws for office buildings in a number of selected Canadian cities.

Performance of concrete buildings in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake and implications for Canadian codes

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 759-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Concrete Buildings ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Observed Damage ◽  
Business District ◽  
The City

At 12:51 pm local time on 22 February 2011, a M 6.2 aftershock of the 4 September 2010, Darfield earthquake shook the city of Christchurch, New Zealand. The aftershock occurred on an unmapped fault less than 10 km from the city centre resulting in significant damage, particularly in the Central Business District (CBD). The earthquake resulted in the collapse of two reinforced concrete office buildings, one parking garage, and numerous unreinforced masonry buildings, including many heritage structures, leading to 185 deaths. Liquefaction was wide spread in the CBD and the eastern suburbs, resulting in foundation movement for housing and office buildings alike. Many buildings in the CBD experienced severe damage, some requiring demolition, necessitating careful controlled access to the CBD in the months following the earthquake. This paper summarizes the recorded earthquake shaking and observed damage to concrete buildings in CBD, with a specific focus on identifying future research and possible changes for seismic design practice and codes in Canada to address the Christchurch observations.

scholarly journals Outlines for accessible routes on sidewalks: a new challenge for small Brazilian cities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Domingues Caetano ◽  
◽  
Jeronimo Paulo da Cunha Pimentel de Meira ◽  
Suzi Cristini Rodrigues ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Mobility Impairments ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Business District

Sidewalks in Brazilian cities still have physical conditions that hamper pedestrians to move, especially those citizens with mobility impairments. Despite improvements on legal provisions, aiming to build more accessible cities, its fulfillment is still far from what is desired. The purpose of this paper is to present a method (virtual audit) to support local administrations, in particular of small cities, to define accessible routes on sidewalks where their precariousness tends to be more significant. In order to illustrate the method application, it is shown a exploratory study in the Central Business District of Quitandinha municipality, located in Curitiba Metropolitan Area. The method allows a comprehensive knowledge of site problematic and it is expected to stimulate: i) local administrations to evaluate their sidewalks situation in order to include their suitability in their investment agendas; and ii) regional and federal administrations to develop public policies towards urban environment qualification

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