MAPPING BASED ON DEAD WOOD AVAILABILITY. LOCATING BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS IN MANAGED FORESTS

AbstractSaproxylic insect assemblages inhabiting dead wood in Canadian forests are highly diverse and variable but quite poorly understood. Adequate assessment of these assemblages poses significant challenges with respect to sampling, taxonomy, and analysis. Their assessment is nonetheless critical to attaining the broad goals of sustainable forest management because such species are disproportionately threatened elsewhere by the reductions in dead wood generally associated with commercial exploitation of northern forests. The composition of the saproxylic fauna is influenced by many factors, including tree species, degree of decay, stand age, and cause of tree death. Wildfire and forest harvesting have differential impacts on saproxylic insect assemblages and on their recovery in postdisturbance stands. Exploration of saproxylic insect responses to variable retention harvesting and experimental burns is contributing to the development of prescriptions for conserving saproxylic insects in boreal forests. Understanding of processes that determine diversity patterns and responses of saproxylic insects would benefit from increased attention to natural history. Such work should aim to provide a habitat-classification system for dead wood to better identify habitats (and associated species) at risk as a result of forest management. This tool could also be used to improve strategies to better maintain saproxylic organisms and their central nutrient-cycling functions in managed forests.

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How Dead Wood in the Forest Decreases Relaxation? The Effects of Viewing of Dead Wood in the Forest Environment on Psychological Responses of Young Adults

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12070871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 871

Author(s):

Emilia Janeczko ◽

Ernest Bielinis ◽

Ulfah Tiarasari ◽

Małgorzata Woźnicka ◽

Wojciech Kędziora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Short Exposure ◽

Managed Forests ◽

Environment Impact ◽

Forest Environment ◽

Dead Trees ◽

Before And After ◽

Positive Feelings ◽

The Impact

The intensity of the neutral environment impact on humans may be determined by specific features of space, including dead wood occurrence. Dead wood is claimed to be disliked by the public because it reduces the scenic beauty and recreational values of the forest. The attractiveness of a forest with dead wood may be determined by its variants. Much is known about the preference for landscape with dead wood, but there is little information available about how such a landscape affects a person’s mental relaxation, improves mood, increases positive feelings, levels of vitality, etc. Hence, the aim of our research was to investigate the psycho-logical relaxing effects of short 15-min exposures to natural and managed forests with dead wood. In the study, three areas within the Białowieża Primeval Forest were used to measure the impact of different types of forest with dead wood (A: forest reserve with dead wood subject to natural decomposition processes; B: managed forest with visible cut wood and stumps; C: man-aged forest with dead trees from bark beetle outbreak standing) on human psychological relaxation in a randomized experiment. The participants of the experiment were forty-one young adults aged 19–20. Each respondent experienced each type of forest at intervals visiting it. Four psychological questionnaires were used in the project (Profile of Mood States (POMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), and Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS)) before and after the short exposure to the forest were evaluated. The results show that a forest landscape with dead wood affects the human psyche, and the relaxing properties of such a landscape are better in a protected forest with natural, slow processes of tree dieback than those obtained in managed forests

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Le Pic tridactyle (Picoides tridactylus): un indicateur de la qualité écologique de l'écosystème forestier du Pays-d'Enhaut (Préalpes suisses) | The Three-Toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus): An Indicator of Ecological Quality in the Forest Ecosystem of the Pays-d'Enhaut Region (Swiss Prealps)

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2000.0282 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 151 (8) ◽

pp. 282-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pascale Derleth ◽

Rita Bütler ◽

Rodolphe Schlaepfer

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Forest Ecosystem ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Qualitative Evaluation ◽

Ecological Quality ◽

Mountain Forests ◽

Managed Forests ◽

Forest Reserves ◽

European Forests ◽

The Dead

The three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus)was first observed in the region of Pays-d'Enhaut ten years ago and is a great specialist of dead wood. This species is a suitable indicator for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of ecological forest quality. The investigation results originating from five spruce mountain forests where the bird is present and three forests where it is assert are inventoried in the Pays-d'Enhaut region of Switzerland. The results suggest that the emergence of the woodpecker population could be due to under-management of the forest over the last forty years. The dead wood volumes in the forest with the woodpecker are similar to those of other unmanaged European forests. Forests situated above 1400 m above sea-level are recommended to be considered as ‹forest reserves›, whereas in managed forests up to an altitude of 1400 m, all trees with woodpecker's beakmarks and all snags with DBH over 30 cm should be left.

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The amount of coarse dead wood and associated decay rates in forest reserves and managed forests, northwest Turkey

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2009183-01074 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 350 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. H. Colak ◽

M. Tokcan ◽

I. D. Rotherham ◽

E. Atici

Keyword(s):

Dead Wood ◽

Decay Rates ◽

Managed Forests ◽

Forest Reserves

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A comparison of three methods to estimate species richness of saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) in logs and high stumps of Norway spruce

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n04-104 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 137 (3) ◽

pp. 304-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Lars-Ove Wikars ◽

Erik Sahlin ◽

Thomas Ranius

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Growing Season ◽

Saproxylic Beetles ◽

Managed Forests ◽

Forest Practices ◽

Emergence Traps ◽

Window Traps ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe amount of dead wood in forests has decreased owing to modern forest practices, and many species associated with this habitat are currently threatened. In Sweden during the last decade, naturally downed logs have been retained and, at clearcuts, high stumps have been artificially created to maintain saproxylic (dead wood dependent) insects. We tested how much these types of dead wood are used by sampling saproxylic beetles in dead wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.; Pinaceae) in managed forests in central Sweden. To analyse how surveys should be conducted in these kinds of studies, we compared three methods over an entire growing season. We found that the relationship between the type of dead wood and species richness was statistically significant when we used bark sieving and emergence traps, but not when we used window traps. It is impossible to ascertain whether beetles collected with window traps are related to the type of dead wood on which they are found and, therefore, such traps are less useful in studies of specific substrates. The yield from sieving was highest in spring and autumn, whereas species richness in window trap samples peaked in June and July and that in emergence traps peaked from May to July. With emergence traps we collected, on average, about twice the number of species over the whole season as we did by sieving on a single occasion in the spring. Both emergence trapping and sieving reveal what is present in individual pieces of dead wood, but these methods sample partly different faunas. We found fewer species on artificially created high stumps (on clearcuts); however, these stumps seem to be useful for some red-listed species.

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Stand characteristics and dead wood in urban forests: Potential biodiversity hotspots in managed boreal landscapes

Landscape and Urban Planning ◽

10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103855 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 201 ◽

pp. 103855

Author(s):

Aku Korhonen ◽

Juha Siitonen ◽

D. Johan Kotze ◽

Auli Immonen ◽

Leena Hamberg

Keyword(s):

Dead Wood ◽

Urban Forests ◽

Biodiversity Hotspots ◽

Boreal Landscapes ◽

Stand Characteristics

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Modeling of Dead Wood Potential Based on Tree Stand Data

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11090913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 913

Author(s):

Ninni Mikkonen ◽

Niko Leikola ◽

Panu Halme ◽

Einari Heinaro ◽

Ari Lahtinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Boreal Forests ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Growth Models ◽

Surrogate Marker ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Managed Forests ◽

Dead Trees ◽

History Of

Here we present a framework for identifying areas with high dead wood potential (DWP) for conservation planning needs. The amount and quality of dead wood and dying trees are some of the most important factors for biodiversity in forests. As they are easy to recognize on site, it is widely used as a surrogate marker for ecological quality of forests. However, wall-to-wall information on dead wood is rarely available on a large scale as field data collection is expensive and local dead wood conditions change rapidly. Our method is based on the forest growth models in the Motti forest simulator, taking into account 168 combinations of tree species, site types, and vegetation zones as well as recommendations on forest management. Simulated estimates of stand-level dead wood volume and mean diameter at breast height were converted into DWP functions. The accuracy of the method was validated on two sites in southern and northeastern Finland, both consisting of managed and conserved boreal forests. Altogether, 203 field plots were measured for living and dead trees. Data on living trees were inserted into corresponding DWP functions and the resulting DWPs were compared to the measured dead wood volumes. Our results show that DWP modeling is an operable tool, yet the accuracy differs between areas. The DWP performs best in near-pristine southern forests known for their exceptionally good quality areas. In northeastern areas with a history of softer management, the differences between near-pristine and managed forests is not as clear. While accurate wall-to-wall dead wood inventory is not available, we recommend using DWP method together with other spatial datasets when assessing biodiversity values of forests.

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Diversity of minute tree-fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Ciidae) of primeval and managed beech forest of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve

Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum Vol. 33 - Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum ◽

10.36885/nzdpm.2020.36.159-170 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 159-170

Author(s):

Valeriia Diedus

Keyword(s):

Dead Wood ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Growing Season ◽

Beech Forest ◽

Managed Forests ◽

Managed Forest ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Important Center ◽

Faunal List ◽

First Time

The study of factors that affect to the biodiversity of forest insects has not lost its relevance for several decades. As obligate fungicolous, minute tree-fungus beetles (Coleoptera, Ciidae) are one of the main destructors of saproxylic fungi. Since primeval forests are characterized by different age of tree stands and a large volume of dead wood of different stages of decomposition – the number of saproxylic fungi, and, as a consequence, minute tree-fungus beetles, show a high variety. In managed forests, selective felling and removal of dead wood is carried out, which leads to the loss of habitats and, as a consequence, to the impoverishment of the biodiversity of minute tree-fungus beetles. The fauna of minute tree-fungus beetles of primeval beech forest of the Uholsky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and managed 150-year-old beech forest from adjacent territories has been studied. According to the literature, at the beginning of our research the fauna of Ciidae were consisted 34 species of fauna of the Ukrainian Carpathians, and 11 species were known for the beech primeval forests of the Uholka Shyrokyi Luh preservation massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (CBR). The material was collected with the combined window-type traps (polytrap) during the growing season 2017-2018. In general, 3302 specimens of minute tree-fungus beetles, belonging to 31 species from 8 genera, were collected and identified. For the first time for the region of the Ukrainian Carpathians were indicated such species: Cis rugulosus Mellie, 1848, Cis striatulus Mellie, 1848, Ennearthron pruinosulum (Perris in Abeille, 1864) and Rhopalodontus strandi Lohse, 1969. Taking into account our research and literature data, the faunal list of minute tree-fungus beetles for the Ukrainian Carpathians include 38 species. The species richness of beech primeval and 150-year-old managed forest is close in value, and the relative density of individuals in primeval forest is three times higher than its value in managed forest. Thus, 30 species from 8 genera (2442 individuals) have been identified for primeval beech; for managed beech forest – 28 species from 8 genera (860 specimens of minute tree-fungus beetles). Primeval beech forests are an important center for the diversity of minute tree-fungus beetles, because of the 38 species known from the Ukrainian Carpathians, 31 species have been registered in the Uholsky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve.

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Communities of fungi in decomposed wood of oak and pine

Forest Research Papers ◽

10.1515/frp-2016-0028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 261-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hanna Kwaśna ◽

Andrzej Mazur ◽

Andrzej Łabędzki ◽

Robert Kuźmiński ◽

Piotr Łakomy

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Woody Debris ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Managed Forests ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Oak Wood ◽

Abundance And Diversity ◽

The Impact

Abstract The abundance and diversity of wood decomposing fungi were investigated by isolating and cultivating filamentous fungi from wood and by detection of fruit bodies of ascomycetous and basidiomycetous fungi. The objective was to study the impact of forest management on fungi in 100-year-old oak and 87-year-old Scots pine forests in Northern Poland. Fungi were found on coarse woody debris of decayed stumps and fallen logs, boughs and branches in each of the three (managed and unmanaged) examined stands. In total, 226 species of Oomycota and fungi were recorded. Oak wood was colonized by one species of Oomycota and 141 species of fungi including Zygomycota (19 species), Ascomycota (103 species) and Basidiomycota (19 species). Scots pine wood was also colonized by one species of Oomycota and 138 species of fungi including Zygomycota (19 species), Ascomycota (90 species) and Basidiomycota (29 species). In the first, second and third stages of decomposition, the oak wood was colonized by 101, 89 and 56 species of fungi respectively and pine wood was colonized by 82, 103 and 47 species respectively. Eighty three of the observed species (37%) occurred on both types of wood, while the other species displayed nutritional preferences. A decrease in the number of species with advancing decay indicates the necessity for a continuous supply of dead wood to the forest ecosystem. This supply would secure the continuity of fauna and flora and guarantee a stable forest development. The nutritional and ecological preferences of many fungal species furthermore indicate the necessity of supplying the forests with wood of different species. In commercially managed forests the results obtained here will aid in: (i) the development of strategies for effective dead wood management in the context of forest productivity and future wood stock growth, as well as (ii) finding a compromise between forest management requirements and environmental protection.

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