CLIMATE CHANGES AND SOIL EVOLUTION IN DESERT STEPPE ZONE OF RUSSIAN PLAIN DURING THE BRONZE AGE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Soil Evolution ◽  
The Bronze Age

scholarly journals Chronology of Soil Evolution and Climatic Changes in the Dry Steppe Zone of the Northern Caucasus, Russia, During the 3rd Millennium BC

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Alexandrovskiy ◽  
J van der Plicht ◽  
A B Belinskiy ◽  
O S Khokhlova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Soil Evolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
The Bronze Age

Chrono-sequences of paleosols buried under different mounds of the large Ipatovo Kurgan, constructed during the Bronze Age, have been studied to reconstruct climatic changes in the dry steppe zone of the Northern Caucasus, Russia. Abrupt climatic and environmental changes in the third millennium BC have been reconstructed, using morphological and analytical data of the soil. Based on accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates of small charcoal fragments from the soil chrono-sequence, we concluded that two upper paleosols (with the clearest evidence of arid pedogenesis) developed between about 2600–2450 BC.

scholarly journals Cultural attribution vs radiocarbon chronology (on the example of materials from the Bronze Age burial ground of Shatmantamak I)

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
A.V. Epimakhov ◽  
A.D. Tairov ◽  
M.G. Epimakhova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article presents the results of excavations at the Shatmantamak I burial ground located in steppe zone of the Southern Urals (south-west of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia). The materials of the site combine the features of the Late Bronze Age Srubnaya and Alakul archaeological cultures dated to the first half of the 2nd mil. cal BC. With this work, we aimed to test the interpretation possibilities for the obtained materials, proceed-ing from their chronological sequence, rather than cultural attribution. Three mounds comprising seven burial structures of the Bronze Age (three above ground and four burial pits) have been excavated. The main procedure of treating the dead was inhumation on the left side (with the single exception on the right side) with their heads orientated towards the northern sector with deviations to the east. All graves contained single adult individuals, except one with the skeletons of two children. One of the burials is clearly distinctive, with the deceased set in sitting position. The grave goods included ceramic vessels and a single bone pommel. A series of radiocarbon dates (n = 4), stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis, along with the analysis of the context, allowed us to propose the scenario of utilisation of the site in the Bronze Age. The sequence of building of kurgans and individ-ual burials has been determined. For a long period (20th–17th c. cal BC), they combined features of the Alakul and Srubnaya cultural traditions within the same cemetery, or even mound. Syncretic sites represent a typical phe-nomenon for the Late Bronze Age of the Southern Urals and adjacent territories. Despite the differences in the chronology and cultural features (pottery and funeral rite) of the Shatmantamak I burial ground, a high stability of the nutrition system has been revealed, which was based on the products of complex husbandry. This brings us to the assumption that the identified cultural mosaicism was determined not by the mobility and interaction of groups with different traditions, but by their joint or parallel habitation in a specific area.

scholarly journals Paleolandscape Reconstruction Based on the Study of A Buried Soil of the Bronze Age in the Broadleaf Forest Area of the Russian Plain

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Aseyeva ◽  
Alexander Makeev ◽  
Fatima Kurbanova ◽  
Pavel Kust ◽  
Alexey Rusakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
Geomorphic Surfaces ◽  
The Bronze Age

Late Holocene landscape evolution at the southern frontier of the forest belt of European Russia is studied based on detailed morphological, analytical and microbiomorphic research of a soil chronosequence that included a surface soil and a soil buried under the Bronze Age kurgan. Both soils (Folic Eutric Cambisols) are formed on similar geomorphic surfaces in the same parent material and in close proximity to each other. The soil morphology and the key analytical features are controlled by low-reactive parent material and imply close similarity of the present landscapes and those of the Bronze age. At the same time the morphological features show that the buried soil was influenced by the phase of weak aridization, which led to the formation of a dark mull humus horizon. Microbiomorphic assemblages (phytoliths, pollen) support the earlier conclusion that the soils of the study area had being developed mostly under forest vegetation.

scholarly journals Sintashta as a Cultural and Historical Phenomenon of the Bronze Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Kukushkin I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
The South ◽  
Wide Strip ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
The Bronze Age

The Sintashta culture is the most controversial ethno-cultural formation of the Bronze Age, formed in the Ural-Kazakhstan steppes. It appears suddenly and is located on the territory of the Southern Trans-Urals. Fortified settlements and burial grounds of this culture spread in a wide strip along the eastern slopes of the Ural Range. The specificity of fortified urban-type settlements, uncharacteristic for the steppe zone of Eurasia, allowed researchers to conclude that they were imported from other regions where they had been originally developed and canonized. In this regard, the most probable is the gradual migration of the population from the territory of Asia Minor, the architectural and planning standards of which demonstrate features of detailed similarity. The alleged migration took place through the Trans-Asian corridor connecting the Middle East and Central Asia to South Kazakhstan, from where paramilitary groups appear in the South Trans-Urals and create the Sintashta culture. Fortified settlements are accompanied by the appearance of burials with chariot attributes, presented in the form of an already established complex of objects and technologies. In archaeological sources, the chariot complex is represented by the remains of chariots, skeletons of draft horses, cheekpieces, as well as weapons of distance and close combat. In the steppes of Eurasia, the war chariot becomes the most formidable and powerful weapon of the Bronze Age. Keywords: Sintashta, migration, chariot, Southern Trans-Urals, Middle East

scholarly journals New Radiocarbon Dates of the North Asian Steppe Zone and its Consequences for the Chronology

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Görsdorf ◽  
Hermann Parzinger ◽  
Anatoli Nagler
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The North ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
The Bronze Age

The chronological problems of the Steppe zone have been under intensive investigation during the last years but no generally accepted chronological system existed up to now. We present new radiocarbon dates of samples from several excavation sites. The dates allow a comparison of the Bronze Age development in the Siberian Steppe Zone with other neighboring regions.

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