HERITAGE SITES AT RISK IN MOLDAVIAN PLAIN - ROMANIA, USING G.I.S.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ursu
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Heritage Sites

scholarly journals Risking Civilian Lives to Avoid Harm to Cultural Heritage?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bülow
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Previous Account ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Lesser Evil

This paper investigates the circumstances under which it is morally permissible to impose non-negligible risks of serious harm (including lethal harm) on innocent civilians in order not to endanger tangible cultural heritage during armed conflict. Building on a previous account of the value of cultural heritage, it is argued that tangible cultural heritage is valuable because of how it contributes to valuable and meaningful human lives. Taking this account as the point of departure I examine the claim that commanders should be prepared to risk lives of innocent civilians in order to avoid harm to tangible cultural heritage. I argue that imposing high risks of serious harm on innocent civilians without their consent constitutes a wrong that can be justified only in order to avoid a greater evil. It is then argued that damage to cultural heritage sites rarely constitutes the greater evil when weighed against the imposition of non-consensual risks of serious harm on innocent civilians, especially when the risk is substantial. Still, imposing substantial risks might be morally permissible under the condition that they are consensually imposed, even if they are not the lesser evil. However, I argue that even if one has reason to suspect that there are civilians who might consent to at least some significant risks in order to avoid damage to their cultural heritage, it is not clear that commanders should take this into account when deciding what to do. Unless all of those who are at risk consent, the fact that some of those whose lives are at risk consent to the risk of being killed do not make it morally permissible to impose this risk on the group as a whole.

scholarly journals Mapping Teotihuacan’s Past, Present, and Future

Eos ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Basilio
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Heritage Sites

A new lidar project reveals how mining and urban expansion have put one of Mexico’s most iconic cultural heritage sites at risk.

scholarly journals PROJECT ANQA: PRESENTING THE BUILT HERITAGE OF DAMASCUS, SYRIA THROUGH DIGITALLY-ASSISTED STORYTELLING

2019 ◽  
Vol IV-2/W6 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
F. Brzezicki ◽  
R. R. Ansara ◽  
R. Awad ◽  
M. Santana Quintero ◽  
S. Abdulac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Web Application ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Educational Resource ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Scan Data

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> There is a growing interest in using new technology to create high-quality 3D recordings of heritage sites at potential risk of damage from conflict or natural disaster. Project Anqa is a multi-partner initiative to digitally document and present seven such at-risk heritage sites, all of which are located in Damascus, Syria. Through a training program, we enabled Syrian locals to collect a variety of data from all seven sites. With this data - a combination of photographs, laser-scan data and audio interviews - we present a web-application that provides researchers and the public a visually rich experience that showcases these at-risk sites. We term this approach “digitally-assisted storytelling.” Our goal is to raise awareness of the need to document and preserve at-risk heritage in the Middle East while providing local professionals in the region with the skills to carry out these tasks. Furthermore, Project Anqa aims to be an educational resource for both researchers and the public. By allowing all collected data to be downloaded at no charge through an open access platform, we encourage the transfer of knowledge and information while preserving the digital longevity of this endeavour. </p>

scholarly journals Immovable Cultural Heritage at Risk: Past – Present – Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-279
Author(s):  
Kurt G. Siehr
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The State ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
National State ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The World ◽  
International Conventions

Abstract:Immovable cultural heritage is still at risk of being neglected by the state responsible for heritage sites, by urban planning of big cities, and by armed conflicts around the world. Normally, because it is immovable, the international community cannot do very much. It can ban the trade of items that became movable property when detached from buildings or illegally excavated in certain protected sites. In other cases, it is the responsibility of the national state to care for cultural heritage and cultural objects. International conventions may furnish help and advice and provide for monitoring any risk to the cultural heritage of state parties.

African Heritage Sites threatened by coastal flooding and erosion as sea-level rise accelerates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalis Vousdoukas ◽  
Joanne Clarke ◽  
Roshanka Ranasinghe ◽  
Lena Reimann ◽  
Nadia Khalaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Flooding ◽  
Exposed Area ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
African Heritage ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

Abstract Important heritage sites along the African coast are at risk from the threats associated with rising sea levels. Here, we quantify the exposure of natural and cultural heritage sites in Africa to coastal flooding and erosion in the 21st century. We develop a comprehensive database of 284 coastal African Heritage Sites (AHS), composed of 213 natural and 71 cultural heritage sites, which is then combined with coastal flooding and erosion projections to assess exposure to coastal extreme events for a moderate (RCP4.5) and high (RCP8.5) greenhouse gas emissions scenario. We find that 56 AHS are presently at risk from a 100-year extreme sea-level event, with a total exposed heritage area of 2,222 km2. Most of the currently exposed AHS are located in Northern and Western Africa. By mid-century, the number of exposed AHS is projected to increase more than 3 times to reach 191 and 198 under moderate and high emissions respectively. In the second half of the century, the number of exposed sites stabilizes, but the median exposed area increases to 6.6 to 8.5 times the present-day value, under moderate and high emissions, respectively. Mitigation from high to moderate emissions will reduce the end-century median exposed area and number of very highly exposed sites by 20% and 25% respectively.

Phonological Awareness Screening to Identify At-Risk Readers

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie Gilbertson ◽  
Ronald K. Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Invented Spelling ◽  
Reading Measures

The purpose of this study was to investigate informal phonological awareness measures as predictors of first-grade broad reading ability. Subjects were 91 former Head Start students who were administered standardized assessments of cognitive ability and receptive vocabulary, and informal phonological awareness measures during kindergarten and early first grade. Regression analyses indicated that three phonological awareness tasks, Invented Spelling, Categorization, and Blending, were the most predictive of standardized reading measures obtained at the end of first grade. Discriminant analyses indicated that these three phonological awareness tasks correctly identified at-risk students with 92% accuracy. Clinical use of a cutoff score for these measures is suggested, along with general intervention guidelines for practicing clinicians.

Effects of a Supplemental Spanish Phonological Awareness Intervention on Latinx Preschoolers' Dual Language Emergent Literacy Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1300
Author(s):  
Xigrid T. Soto ◽  
Andres Crucet-Choi ◽  
Howard Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Emergent Literacy ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
Dual Language ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Dual Language Learners ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Emergent Literacy Skills

Purpose Preschoolers' phonological awareness (PA) and alphabet knowledge (AK) skills are two of the strongest predictors of future reading. Despite evidence that providing at-risk preschoolers with timely emergent literacy interventions can prevent academic difficulties, there is a scarcity of research focusing on Latinx preschoolers who are dual language learners. Despite evidence of benefits of providing Latinxs with Spanish emergent literacy instruction, few studies include preschoolers. This study examined the effects of a supplemental Spanish PA and AK intervention on the dual emergent literacy skills of at-risk Latinx preschoolers. Method A multiple probe design across four units of instruction evaluated the effects of a Spanish supplemental emergent literacy intervention that explicitly facilitated generalizations to English. Four Latinx preschoolers with limited emergent literacy skills in Spanish and English participated in this study. Bilingual researchers delivered scripted lessons targeting PA and AK skills in individual or small groups for 12–17 weeks. Results Children made large gains as each PA skill was introduced into intervention and generalized the PA skills they learned from Spanish to English. They also improved their English initial sound identification skills, a phonemic awareness task, when instruction was delivered in Spanish but with English words. Children made small to moderate gains in their Spanish letter naming and letter–sound correspondence skills and in generalizing this knowledge to English. Conclusion These findings provide preliminary evidence Latinx preschoolers who are dual language learners benefit from emergent literacy instruction that promotes their bilingual and biliterate development.

Reading Risk in Children With Speech Sound Disorder: Prevalence, Persistence, and Predictors

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3714-3726
Author(s):  
Sherine R. Tambyraja ◽  
Kelly Farquharson ◽  
Laura Justice
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Word Decoding ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Based

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which school-age children with speech sound disorder (SSD) exhibit concomitant reading difficulties and examine the extent to which phonological processing and speech production abilities are associated with increased likelihood of reading risks. Method Data were obtained from 120 kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade children who were in receipt of school-based speech therapy services. Children were categorized as being “at risk” for reading difficulties if standardized scores on a word decoding measure were 1 SD or more from the mean. The selected predictors of reading risk included children's rapid automatized naming ability, phonological awareness (PA), and accuracy of speech sound production. Results Descriptive results indicated that just over 25% of children receiving school-based speech therapy for an SSD exhibited concomitant deficits in word decoding and that those exhibiting risk at the beginning of the school year were likely to continue to be at risk at the end of the school year. Results from a hierarchical logistic regression suggested that, after accounting for children's age, general language abilities, and socioeconomic status, both PA and speech sound production abilities were significantly associated with the likelihood of being classified as at risk. Conclusions School-age children with SSD are at increased risk for reading difficulties that are likely to persist throughout an academic year. The severity of phonological deficits, reflected by PA and speech output, may be important indicators of subsequent reading problems.

Exploring the Validity and Operational Impact of Using Allied Health Assistants to Conduct Dysphagia Screening for Low-Risk Patients Within the Acute Hospital Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1944-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Schwarz ◽  
Elizabeth C. Ward ◽  
Petrea Cornwell ◽  
Anne Coccetti ◽  
Pamela D'Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Exact Agreement ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Impact Phase ◽  
Operational Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the agreement between allied health assistants (AHAs) and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) when completing dysphagia screening for low-risk referrals and at-risk patients under a delegation model and (b) the operational impact of this delegation model. Method All AHAs worked in the adult acute inpatient settings across three hospitals and completed training and competency evaluation prior to conducting independent screening. Screening (pass/fail) was based on results from pre-screening exclusionary questions in combination with a water swallow test and the Eating Assessment Tool. To examine the agreement of AHAs' decision making with SLPs, AHAs ( n = 7) and SLPs ( n = 8) conducted an independent, simultaneous dysphagia screening on 51 adult inpatients classified as low-risk/at-risk referrals. To examine operational impact, AHAs independently completed screening on 48 low-risk/at-risk patients, with subsequent clinical swallow evaluation conducted by an SLP with patients who failed screening. Results Exact agreement between AHAs and SLPs on overall pass/fail screening criteria for the first 51 patients was 100%. Exact agreement for the two tools was 100% for the Eating Assessment Tool and 96% for the water swallow test. In the operational impact phase ( n = 48), 58% of patients failed AHA screening, with only 10% false positives on subjective SLP assessment and nil identified false negatives. Conclusion AHAs demonstrated the ability to reliably conduct dysphagia screening on a cohort of low-risk patients, with a low rate of false negatives. Data support high level of agreement and positive operational impact of using trained AHAs to perform dysphagia screening in low-risk patients.

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