The Prestige of Sport and Sport as a Source of Prestige

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Dziubiński
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Interesting Issue ◽  
Descriptive Term ◽  
Social Sanctions ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Social Interactionism ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study is an attempt to characterise prestige as an important descriptive term, explaining the phenomena and processes occurring in (post-) modern sport and to answer the question regarding the sources of sport prestige and sport as a source of prestige. The work is based on an analysis of the literature on the given subject in the fi eld of humanities and social sciences, especially sociology, devoted to the interesting issue of prestige and sport. In the analysis,the dominant scientifi c theories were implemented, including, inter alia, structural and functional, social interactionism, Weber’s and Warner’s theory of prestige, and the theoretical assumptions of Henryk Domański and Piotr Sztompka. Through the analyse, it is shown that sport itself, in relation to other areas of life, enjoys relative prestige. Access to the stock of prestige in sport is unequal. Some disciplines, sporting activities, sport groups and individuals have greater access to it, while others do not. Sport in (post-) modern societies is a source of prestige. This is confi rmed by the pro-sport nature of informal social control, as a result of which, participation in sport is subject to positive social sanctions, while lack of such participation is deprived of such sanctions.

Perceptions of Collective Efficacy Among Single Mothers: Insights for Conceptualization and Measurement

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (17) ◽  
pp. 4019-4040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Barnhart ◽  
Michael C. Gearhart ◽  
Kathryn Maguire-Jack
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Family Outcomes ◽  
Study Results

Neighborhoods with higher levels of collective efficacy are associated with more favorable family outcomes such as lower teen pregnancy rates and less antisocial behavior among children. Collective efficacy is traditionally measured by combining the constructs of social cohesion and informal social control, yet these two constructs may have unique influences on family outcomes. While prior studies have examined collective efficacy’s factor structure, there is limited understanding of this construct among single-mother families, who have unique social and economic characteristics. In this exploratory study, we tested a single-factor model and two-factor model separating social cohesion and informal social control to examine the underlying factor structure of collective efficacy with a diverse sample of 2,084 unmarried mothers who participated in the third wave in-home survey of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study. Results support that informal social control and social cohesion were best modeled as two distinct, but related, constructs.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood land use features, collective efficacy and local civic actions

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 2372-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Corcoran ◽  
Renee Zahnow ◽  
Rebecca Wickes ◽  
John Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Civic Action ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Demographic Context

This paper explores the association between neighbourhood land use features and informal social control. More specifically, we examine the extent to which such features in combination with the socio-demographic context of the neighbourhood facilitate or impede collective efficacy and local civic actions. We achieve this through spatially integrating data from the census, topographic databases and a 2012 survey of 4132 residents from 148 neighbourhoods in Brisbane, Australia. The study creates a new classification of a neighbourhood’s physical environment by creating novel categories of land use features that depict social conduits, social holes and social wedges. Social conduits are features of the neighbourhood that facilitate interaction between individuals, social holes are land uses that create situations where there is no occupancy, and social wedges are features that carve up neighbourhoods. We find some evidence to suggest that residents’ reports of collective efficacy are higher in neighbourhoods with a greater density of social conduits. Density of social conduits is also positively associated with local civic action. However, in neighbourhoods with more greenspace, residents are less likely to engage in local civic actions.

scholarly journals Violating an Occupational Sex-Stereotype: Israeli Women Earning Engineering Degrees

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobsen Chanoch ◽  
Vanki Tamar
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Recent Increase

The percentage of women engineering graduates in Israel has increased fourfold during the last two decades, but only a small percentage of Israeli women opt for these fields. We account for the current trend by a general theory of patterned deviance, viewing the recent increase of women's studying for engineering degrees as a case of nonconformity with a traditional norm. A simulation model of that theory reproduced 85.8% of the variance in the data on women engineering graduates between 1966 and 1987, indicating that the theory applies also in this case. The simulations show that it is becoming increasingly legitimate for women to study engineering and informal social control keeping women from enrolling in engineering has almost disappeared, but the internalized sex-stereotype still deters many women from taking such courses.

scholarly journals THE CATEGORY OF IMAGE IN MODERN HUMANITIES: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSES

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
OLGA PLIASUN
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Primary Interest ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Discourses ◽  
The Given

The given article analyzes various approaches to the interpretation of the category of image in modern humanities and social sciences (e.g. politology, economics, culturology, journalism etc.). However, it is stressed that in terms of linguistics the phenomenon of image is insufficiently researched. Thus, the author notes that in linguistic discourse the category of image should be studied within the framework of a new direction of linguistic studies which is currently at the stage of forming – lingvoimageology. The primary interest of lingvoimageology is the study of linguistic mechanisms of image making. The author comes to the conclusion that in modern scientific discourse lingvoimageology is one of the most topical and promising branches of world neolinguistics.

RACIALLY HOMOPHILOUS SOCIAL TIES AND INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL

Criminology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA D. WARNER ◽  
KRISTIN SWARTZ ◽  
SHILA RENÉ HAWK
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Informal Social Control

In Guns We Trust: A Reexamination of the Collective Security Hypothesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1936-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Kelsay ◽  
Jordan Papp ◽  
Jennifer Wareham ◽  
Brad W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Gun Ownership ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Security Hypothesis ◽  
Perceptions Of Police ◽  
Using Data

This study reexamines the collective security hypothesis of gun ownership using data collected from residents of the city of Detroit, Michigan. In addition, we seek to determine whether the effects of perceptions of police, fear of crime, and victimization on individual-level gun ownership are attenuated by neighborhood levels of informal social control. Our findings indicate that police satisfaction remains a robust predictor of gun ownership, in that those who are less satisfied with police are more likely to own a firearm for defensive purposes. Moreover, the effects of this variable remain unaffected by the inclusion of informal social control. These results confirm a number of previously identified correlates of gun ownership remain influential and suggest that improving perceptions of police among the public may lead to fewer firearms in circulation among the public.

Life after Life Imprisonment

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Liem
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
Criminal Background Checks ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Criminal Background ◽  
Widespread Availability

Chapter seven explores the initial impacts of re-entering a world these lifers left many years ago. The chapter highlights specific roadblocks to re-entry. These include the ‘felon label’, the implications stigma, labeling, and the widespread availability of criminal background checks. These factors prevent lifers from obtaining housing and employment. The chapter discusses how interviewees managed the stigma of being an ex-offender. Deriving indicators from life-course theories, the chapter further details how relationships with family, intimate partners and children influenced the interviewees over the years. By being in prison for decades, these lifers have been removed from structures that favor maturation and provide sources of informal social control, such as employment, intimate relationships, family relationships and parenthood. Prison, in this view, has disrupted their journey of going straight.

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