Apis mellifera (Rilke, Leśmian, Valéry, Miłosz)

Tekstualia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Orpheus And Eurydice ◽  
The Relationship

This essay concerns Paul Valéry’s sonnet The Bee, a fragment of Rainer Maria Rilke’s letter to Witold Hulewicz, Boleslaw Lesmian’s poem The Bees, and a fragment of Czeslaw Milosz’s poem Orpheus and Eurydice. Investigating the semantics and symbolism of the bee, a trope common to each text, allows for a reading of a broader ontological project: the relationship between being and non-being. This essay centres on denying the division between being and non-being, proposing the concept of a greater whole instead.

scholarly journals Effects of Bacterial Cell-Free Supernatant on Nutritional Parameters of Apis Mellifera and Their Toxicity Against Varroa Destructor

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Fiorella G. De Piano ◽  
Matias D. Maggi ◽  
Facundo R. Meroi Arceitto ◽  
Marcela C. Audisio ◽  
Martín Eguaras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Colony Losses ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Contact Exposure ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractApis mellifera L. is an essential pollinator that is currently being affected by several stressors that disturb their ecological function and produce colony losses. Colonies are being seriously affected by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. The relationship between stressors and bee symbionts is being studied in order to enhance bee health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) produced by Lactobacillus johnsonii AJ5, Enterococcus faecium SM21 and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis Mori2 on A. mellifera nutritional parameters and their toxicity against V. destructor. Toxicity and survival bioassays were conducted on adult bees with different concentrations of CFSs. Nutritional parameters such as soluble proteins and fat bodies in abdomens were measured. Varroa destructor toxicity was analyzed by a contact exposure method and via bee hemolymph. At low concentrations, two of CFSs tends to enhance bee survival. Remarkably fat bodies maintained their levels with all CFS concentrations in the abdomens, and soluble protein increased at a high concentration of two CFSs. Toxicity against V. destructor was observed only via hemolymph, and results were in agreement with the treatment that produced an increase in bee proteins. Finally, CFS produced by L. johnsonii AJ5 could be a promising natural alternative for strengthening bee health.

Apis mellifera (Rilke, Leśmian, Valéry, Miłosz)

Tekstualia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (52) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Orpheus And Eurydice ◽  
Symbolic Meanings

The article concerns Paul Valéry’s sonet The Bee, a fragment of Rainer Maria Rilke’s letter to Witold Hulewicz, Boleslaw Lesmian’s poem The Bees and a fragment of Czeslaw Milosz’s poem Orpheus and Eurydice. The analysis of the semantic connotations and symbolic meanings of the bee, which appears in these texts, shows them as elements of a larger ontological project: an attempt to answer the question of the relation between being and non-being. In essence, this project denies the division into being and non- -being, proposing the concept of a greater whole instead the entrenched opposition.

The relationship between asymmetry, size and unusual venation in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Łopuch ◽  
A. Tofilski
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Directional Asymmetry ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDespite the fact that symmetry is common in nature, it is rarely perfect. Because there is a wide range of phenotypes which differs from the average one, the asymmetry should increase along with deviation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of asymmetry in normal individuals as well as in phenodeviants categorized as minor or major based on abnormalities in forewing venation in honey bees. Shape fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was lower in normal individuals and minor phenodeviants compared with major phenodeviants, whereas the former two categories were comparable in drones. In workers and queens, there were not significant differences in FA shape between categories. FA size was significantly lower in normal individuals compared with major phenodeviant drones and higher compared with minor phenodeviant workers. In queens, there were no significant differences between categories. The correlation between FA shape and FA size was significantly positive in drones, and insignificant in workers and queens. Moreover, a considerable level of directional asymmetry was found as the right wing was constantly bigger than the left one. Surprisingly, normal individuals were significantly smaller than minor phenodeviants in queens and drones, and they were comparable with major phenodeviants in all castes. The correlation between wing size and wing asymmetry was negative, indicating that smaller individuals were more asymmetrical. The high proportion of phenodeviants in drones compared with workers and queens confirmed their large variability. Thus, the results of the present study showed that minor phenodeviants were not always intermediate as might have been expected.

scholarly journals Pollen Release Dynamics and Daily Patterns of Pollen-Collecting Activity of Honeybee Apis mellifera and Bumblebee Bombus lantschouensis in Solar Greenhouse

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhou ◽  
Jiandong An
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Solar Greenhouse ◽  
Bee Foraging ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

Pollen is important not only for pollination and fertilization of plants, but also for colony development of bee pollinators. Anther dehiscence determines the available pollen that can be collected by foragers. In China, honeybees and bumblebees are widely used as pollinators in solar greenhouse agriculture. To better understand the effect of solar greenhouse microclimates on pollen release and pollen-foraging behaviour, we observed the anther dehiscence dynamics and daily pollen-collecting activity of Apis mellifera and Bombus lantschouensis during peach anthesis in a solar greenhouse in Beijing. Microclimate factors had a significant effect on anther dehiscence and bee foraging behaviour. The proportion of dehisced anthers increased with increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity and peaked from 11:00 h to 14:00 h, coinciding with the peak pollen-collecting activity of bees. On sunny days, most pollen grains were collected by the two pollinators within two hours after anther dehiscence, at which time the viability of pollen had not yet significantly decreased. Our study helps us to better understand the relationship between food resources and pollinator foraging behaviour and to make better use of bees for pollination in Chinese solar greenhouses.

scholarly journals Perspectives on hygienic behavior in Apis mellifera and other social insects

Apidologie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marla Spivak ◽  
Robert G. Danka
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hygienic Behavior ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Honey Bee Health ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractHygienic behavior in honey bees, Apis mellifera, has been studied for over 80 years with the aim of understanding mechanisms of pathogen and parasite resistance and colony health. This review emphasizes the underlying behavioral mechanisms of hygienic behavior in honey bees and when known, in other social insects. We explore the relationship between honey bee hygienic behavior toward diseased brood and Varroa-parasitized brood (Varroa-sensitive hygiene, VSH); the timing of hygienic removal of diseased, Varroa-infested, and virus-infected brood relative to risk of transmission that can affect colony fitness; and the methods, utility, and odorants associated with different assays used to select colonies for resistance to diseases and Varroa. We also provide avenues for future research that would benefit honey bee health and survivorship.

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS OF THE HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA) IN A HUNGARIAN APIARY INFESTED WITH THE PARASITIC MITE VARROA JACOBSONI

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Békési ◽  
Brenda V. Ball ◽  
M. Dobos-Kovács ◽  
T. Bakonyi ◽  
M. Rusvai
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Varroa Jacobsoni ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Parasitic Mite ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paralysis Virus

Viruses of the honey bee have been known for a long time; however, recently the attention of scientists and apiculturalists has turned towards the relationship between these viruses and the parasitic miteVarroa jacobsoni. Although clinical symptoms indicated the presence of some of the viruses of bees in Hungary, none have previously been isolated or identified. During July unusual adult bee and brood mortality was observed in some colonies of an apiary in Budapest known to be infested withVarroa jacobsoni. Large amounts of acute paralysis virus (APV) were detected serologically in healthy honey bee pupae killed by the injection of a bacteria-free extract of diseased adult bees. Crystalline arrays of 30 nm particles were seen in ultrathin sections of the tissues of injected pupae and naturally infected adult bees. In spite of the application of acaricide treatments the bee population in several colonies had collapsed by the end of summer and the apiary suffered severe wintering losses.

Monitoring Method as a Basis for Need-based Control of Varroa Mites (Varroa jacobsoni) Infesting Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Colonies

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419
Author(s):  
Camilla J. Brødsgaard ◽  
Henrik F. Brødsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Varroa Jacobsoni ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Varroa Mites ◽  
The Relationship

To avoid excessive use of pesticides in controlling varroa mites (Varroa jacobsoni) in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies, a method for monitoring the population size of the mites was developed. The relationship between the size of mite populations (y) in full-size honey bee colonies and natural mite mortality, measured as the number of mites falling on plastic inserts (drop-down), was investigated in Danish apiaries. The results suggest that a straight linear model (y = + x) describes the relationship between the mite population present in a colony and the calculated daily number of naturally dead mites collected on inserts during either 1-week or 3-week periods before sampling. The parameters of the straight line relationship between the population size and the daily mite drop-down during a 1-week period are: β = 0.0069 and α = -1.858 ( r2 = 0.77, p < 0.0001). For a 3-week period, the parameters are: β = 0.0063 and α = -0.403 ( r 2 = 0.83, p < 0.0001). If the model input is adjusted for the brood-rearing pattern of the sampled colonies, i.e. colonies with capped brood cells covering less than one side of a comb in total (2800–3200 cells) are excluded from the input, the fit of the model is improved. In this case, the parameters for the 1-week sampling period are: β = 0.0075 and α = -1.184 ( r2 = 0.88, p < 0.0001), and the parameters for the 3-week sampling period are: β = 0.0071 and α = -0.864 ( r2 = 0.91, p < 0.0001).

scholarly journals Parallel Mechanism Composed of Abdominal Cuticles and Muscles Simulates the Complex and Diverse Movements of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Abdomen

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjian Liang ◽  
Kuilin Meng ◽  
Jieliang Zhao ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Siqin Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Parallel Mechanism ◽  
Waggle Dance ◽  
View Point ◽  
Attitude Adjustment ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Adjacent Segments ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The abdominal intersegmental structures allow insects, such as honey bees, dragonflies, butterflies, and drosophilae, to complete diverse behavioral movements. In order to reveal how the complex abdominal movements of these insects are produced, we use the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) as a typical insect to study the relationship between intersegmental structures and abdominal motions. Microstructure observational experiments are performed by using the stereoscope and the scanning electron microscope. We find that a parallel mechanism, composed of abdominal cuticle and muscles between the adjacent segments, produces the complex and diverse movements of the honey bee abdomen. These properties regulate multiple behavioral activities such as waggle dance and flight attitude adjustment. The experimental results demonstrate that it is the joint efforts of the muscles and membranes that connected the adjacent cuticles together. The honey bee abdomen can be waggled, expanded, contracted, and flexed with the actions of the muscles. From the view point of mechanics, a parallel mechanism is evolved from the intersegmental connection structures of the honey bee abdomen. Here, we conduct a kinematic analysis of the parallel mechanism to simulate the intersegmental abdominal motions.

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