scholarly journals Pollution investigation and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and water from selected dumpsite locations in rivers and Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. e2021023
Author(s):  
Victor Uchenna Okechukwu ◽  
Daniel Omeodisemi Omokpariola ◽  
Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme ◽  
Eucheria Nkiru Nweke ◽  
Patrick Leonard Omokpariola
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Soil And Water

The transfer ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil dumpsite to borehole water is dependent of polluting source and exposure matrices that causes immerse health risk to man and environment over a period of time. PAHs were assessed in selected soil dumpsite and borehole water located at Rivers state (Eleme, Eliozu, Eneka, Oyigbo, and Woji) and Bayelsa state (Yenagoa), Nigeria. Soil samples were collected at four different points 30 m (North, South, East and West) locations at a depth of 15 cm for each dumpsite using soil auger while control samples were collected 200 m away (farmland), where there were little anthropogenic activities and no presence of active dumpsites. Borehole water samples were collected from 300 m distance, which were packaged in an amber container, labeled, and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Standard analytical methods were employed. PAHs concentrations were analyzed using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after extraction of water and soil using liquid-liquid and soxhlet extraction methods respectively and clean-up of the extracts, thereafter the laboratory data generated were subjected to statistical analysis. Total PAHs (ΣPAHS) concentrations in soil samples from the study sites ranged from 2.4294 mg/kg in Yenagoa to 5.1662 mg/kg in Eleme while in water samples the total PAHs ranged from 1.3935 mg/L in Woji to 3.009 mg/L in Eleme. The total PAH concentrations in the soil were above the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry levels of 1.0 mg/kg for a considerably contaminated site except for the control sites. The total concentration of carcinogenic PAHs ranged from 0.0038 to 1.1301mg/kg in soil samples and 0.0014 to 0.9429 mg/L in borehole water samples, therefore raising concern of human exposure via food chain. The results indicate that low molecular weight PAHs were more dominant than high molecular weight PAHs in both soil and water samples, however molecular diagnostic ratio shows that pyrogenic activities are major sources of PAHs as compared to petrogenic origin. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and Pearson correlation) showed strong negative correlation implying that they were from dissimilar sources and different migratory route. Cancer and non-cancer risk showed that children were more at risk compared to adults, where inhalation exposure were major contribution as compared to ingestion and dermal exposure, as such there is a need to implement regulatory laws on indiscriminate release of PAHs contaminants to maintain sustainability.

scholarly journals Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water at Point of Effluent Discharge into the New Calabar River, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
O. S. Edori ◽  
W. A. Iyama
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration ◽  
High Level

Water samples from effluents discharge points were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration using chromatographic techniques. The result obtained showed the presence of all the PAHs categories in the water samples. The total concentrations of PAHs in the different location showed that Minipiti station was the highest (44.99 mg/L), which was followed by the values obtained at the Police Post station (36.89 mg/L) and finally, the lowest value was obtained at the Iwofe Jetty station (11.923 mg/L). Diagnostic analysis of the concentrations of the different PAHS concentrations based on the ratio of low molecular weight PAHs to high molecular weight PAHs (LMW/HMW), anthracene / anthracene + phenanthrene {An/(An + Phe)} fluoranthene/ fluoranthene + pyrene {Fl /(Fl + Pyr} and benzo[a] anthracene/ benzo[a]anthracene + chrysene {BaA/ (BaA + Chr)} showed the predominance of pyrogenic PAHs over petrogenic PAHs. Thus indicating more of human input sources than natural. Ring size analysis indicated the predominance of the higher molecular weights (4-6) rings over the lower molecular weights (2-3) rings. The implications of the high level of PAHs within the sampled environment should give warning signals to the user of the water environment’.

scholarly journals Ecological risk assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of the abandoned sections of Orji Mechanic Village, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Chizoruo Ibe ◽  
Chidi Edbert Duru ◽  
Benaiah Obinna Isiuku ◽  
Jacienta Ngozi Akalazu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Hydrocarbons In Soils

Abstract Background Ecological risk assessment of the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils of the abandoned sections of Orji Mechanic Village, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to determine the levels of soil contamination from polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) due to anthropogenic events in the mechanic village before reclamation. Results Analysis of soil samples revealed mean PAH levels ranging from 1.22E−02 ± 0.00 to 5.60E−02 ± 0.01 mg/kg, with higher PAH concentrations observed at 0–10 cm compared to other depths. The sum of PAHs (∑PAHs) ranged from 1.58E−01 to 6.71E−01 mg/kg, as the sum of low molecular weight PAHs (∑LPAHs) varied from 7.16E−03 to 1–1.60E−01 mg/kg, while the sum of high molecular weight PAHs (∑HPAHs) ranged from 1.81E−02 to 5.42E−01 mg/kg. The sum of carcinogenic PAHs (∑Carcino-PAHs) varied from 5.39E−01 to 9.74E−02 mg/kg, indicating elevated levels of carcinogens in the sampled soils. Diagnostic ratio, principal component, and correlation analysis of the results revealed that pyrogenic sources were primarily responsible for the observed PAHs owing to the activities of automobile mechanics in the Orji Mechanic Village. Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent (BePeq) of the PAHs indicated high carcinogenic potency for sample A. The total cancer risk was above 1 × 10–6, indicating a greater risk of cancer due to contact with the contaminated soil samples; hence, the result of this study is a serious ecological concern. Conclusion There may be accumulation of these contaminants in the investigated area, which will eventually contaminate the groundwater as well as surface water resources. Remedial measures to prevent possible health problems due to the PAHs which results from the activities of automobile mechanics are therefore recommended.

scholarly journals Investigation and Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Concentrations in Sediments at Drainage Discharge Points into the Mangrove Stretch of New Calabar River, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mangrove Wetlands ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Molecular Weight Pahs

Sediment samples were collected from surface of sediments from parts of the mangrove wetlands of the New Calabar River at points of effluents discharge. The samples were treated according to standard procedures and analyzed for the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The results showed the presence of ten PAHs at Iwofe Jetty and Police Post stations and eleven PAHs at the Minipiti station. The summation of the total PAHs in the stations showed 23.440, 33.694 and 51.094 mg/Kg in sediments from Iwofe Jetty, Minipiti and Police Post stations respectively. Pyrene was the most abundant PAH in sediment from Iwofe station, Dibenzo (a,h) anthracene was the most abundant PAH at the Minipiti Station and acenaphthylene was the most abundant PAH at the Police Post Station. The categorization of the PAHs classes showed that the high molecular weight PAHs (HMW PAHS) were more abundant than the low molecular weight (PAHs) in all the stations examined, although, at the Police Post station, the values were very close. The 4-membered rings were more abundant in sediments from Iwofe Jetty station. The 4 and 5-membered rings were more abundant at the Minipiti station and the 2-3 membered rings were dominant at the police Post station. The 6-membered rings were the least abundant or undetected in all the stations. Source and origin diagnosis showed that LMW/ HMW PAHs as pyrogenic in all the stations, An/(An+Phe) ratio revealed pyrogenic sources of PAHs, Fl/(Fl+Pyr) analysis in all the stations indicated petrogenic origin of PAHs, BaA/ (BaA+Chr) evaluation in all the stations revealed pyrogenic sources of PAHs. The mixed sources of PAHs in the wetlands drainage discharge points calls for concern and therefore, efforts should be geared to identify the points at which they were introduced into the effluents and be adequately controlled to prevent harm to the environment.

scholarly journals Marine Snow Aggregates are Enriched in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Oil Contaminated Waters: Insights from a Mesocosm Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Hernando P. Bacosa ◽  
Manoj Kamalanathan ◽  
Joshua Cullen ◽  
Dawei Shi ◽  
Chen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Marine Snow ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Water Accommodated Fraction

Marine snow was implicated in the transport of oil to the seafloor during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, but the exact processes remain controversial. In this study, we investigated the concentrations and distributions of the 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine snow aggregates collected during a mesocosm experiment. Seawater only, oil in a water accommodated fraction (WAF), and Corexit-enhanced WAF (DCEWAF) were incubated for 16 d. Both WAF and DCEWAF aggregates were enriched in heavy molecular weight PAHs but depleted in naphthalene. DCEWAF aggregates had 2.6 times more total 16 PAHs than the WAF (20.5 vs. 7.8 µg/g). Aggregates in the WAF and DCEWAF incorporated 4.4% and 19.3%, respectively of the total PAHs in the mesocosm tanks. Our results revealed that marine snow sorbed and scavenged heavy molecular weight PAHs in the water column and the application of Corexit enhanced the incorporation of PAHs into the sinking aggregates.

Microbial Properties and Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Contaminated Farmland Soil with Bioremediation

2014 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Hai Bo Li ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Ji Fu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Total Pahs ◽  
Farmland Soil ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Microbial Agent

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and microbial quantity were investigated in aged PAHs-contaminated soil in a pot experiment with regrass and alfalfa. After 60 days germination the concentration of total PAHs in soil decreased by 37.57% and 38.41% with the treatment of ryegrass-microbe agent and alfalfa-microbe agent. The processes of ryegrass and alfalfa were 18.72% and 19.34%. The root system promoted the quantity of microbe and the microbial agent was benefit for the PAHs degrading microbe. And there was significant positive correlation between the number of PAHs degrading microorganisms and the removal rate of PAHs in the soil.

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