Two cases of asymptomatic HBV “vaccine breakthrough” infection detected in blood donors screened for HBV DNA

The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission by transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be relatively low, and testing of blood donors is often not done or is done relatively poorly. To re-examine this attitude, we identified HBV chronically infected blood donors from a major hospital in Ghana with a range of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) assays. Test efficacy was estimated using HBV DNA as a gold standard, and the risk of HBV infection in blood recipients was estimated for different testing strategies. Particle agglutination, dipstick, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) HBsAg screening detected 54%, 71%, and 97% of HBV infectious donors, respectively. The risk of HBV transmission to recipients less than 10 years old ranged between 1:11 and 1:326 with blood unscreened and screened by EIA, respectively. For older recipients, the risk decreased a further 4-fold because of the high frequency of natural exposure to HBV. A total of 98% of HBsAg-confirmed positive samples contained HBV DNA. HBV DNA load was less than 1 × 104 IU/mL in 75% of HBsAg-reactive samples, most of them anti-HBe reactive. Approximately 0.5% of HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples contained HBV DNA. The use of sensitive HBsAg tests is critical to prevent transfusion transmission of HBV infection to young children in a population with a 15% prevalence of chronic HBV infection in blood donors. However, this will not have much effect on the prevalence of this infection unless other strategies to protect children from infection are also advanced in parallel.

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Two HBV DNA+/HBsAg− blood donors identified by HBV NAT in Shenzhen, China

Transfusion and Apheresis Science ◽

10.1016/j.transci.2009.05.001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Guifang Shang ◽

Youqing Yan ◽

Baocheng Yang ◽

Chaopeng Shao ◽

Fei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Hbv Dna

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Are isolated anti-HBc blood donors in high risk group? The detection of HBV DNA in isolated anti-HBc cases with nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) based on transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and HBV discrimination

Transfusion and Apheresis Science ◽

10.1016/j.transci.2010.09.012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 265-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hüsnü Altunay ◽

Erdogan Kosan ◽

Ilhan Birinci ◽

Armagan Aksoy ◽

Kaan Kirali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

High Risk ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Risk Group ◽

Nucleic Acid Amplification Test ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Nucleic Acid Amplification

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Prevalence of blood-borne viral hepatitis in different communities in Yemen

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268803008653 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 771-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

T. A. SALLAM ◽

C. Y. W. TONG ◽

L. E. CUEVAS ◽

Y. A. RAJA'A ◽

A. M. OTHMAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Carrier Rate ◽

Social Differences ◽

Significant Difference ◽

African Community ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Republic

It is generally believed that hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are highly prevalent in the Republic of Yemen. This study investigated the prevalence of HBV and HCV markers in 494 blood donors from Aden, 493 blood donors from Sana'a, 97 residents from an African ethnic minority in Sana'a and 99 residents of Soqotra Island. There were significant differences in the prevalence of HBV carriage (HBsAg: 6·7, 15, 19·6 and 26·3% respectively; P<0·001); past HBV infection (anti-HBc: 17·4, 18·5, 30·9 and 59·6% respectively; P<0·001); susceptibility to HBV (absence of HBV markers: 73·3, 61·9, 38·1 and 9·1% respectively; P<0·001), infectivity of HBV carriers (HBV DNA: 51·5, 33·8, 52·6 and 65·4% respectively; P=0·028) and HCV antibodies (RIBA confirmed or indeterminate: 0·6, 0·2, 5·2 and 5·1% respectively; P<0·001). A significant difference in HBV carrier rate and a borderline significant difference in the prevalence of natural infection was observed between males and females in the African community (P=0·02 and 0·06 respectively). In contrast, in Soqotra Island, there was no significant sex difference in HBV carrier rate but susceptibility was significantly more prevalent in males (P=0·03). This study illustrates that significant difference in prevalence and epidemiology exists among different communities within the same country, reflecting political, geographical and social differences. Control strategies should take these differences into account.

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Hepatitis B Vaccine Uptake among Voluntary Blood Donors in Jos: Implication on Blood Safety

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN BASIC AND CLINICAL SCIENCES ◽

10.46912/jrbcs.92 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 35-41

Author(s):

A Zakari ◽

ED Jatau ◽

VT Ma'an ◽

ME Rumji ◽

OD Damulak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Universal Access ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Blood Safety ◽

Hbv Vaccine ◽

Increased Risk ◽

B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a transfusion-transmissible pathogen that poses a significant threat to blood safety. The virus' burden is high in the general population and among blood donors in Sub-Saharan Africa, leading to more donor rejection; blood discards, and increased risk of contamination of the blood supply. Hepatitis B Virus is vaccine-preventable; increased burden of infection may suggest a gap in vaccination. The study aimed to assess the level of hepatitis B virus vaccine uptake and identify factors affecting uptake of the vaccine among voluntary non remunerated blood donors (VNRBD) in Jos, Nigeria. A survey was conducted at the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS), Jos, among consenting VNRBD aged between 18 and 65 years from October to December 2020 using a structured questionnaire to collect information on vaccination status, socio-demographics and others. Of the 120 VNRBD interviewed, 36.7% received one or more doses of the HBV vaccine, while the majority (63.3%) were unvaccinated. Among the unvaccinated donors, 57.9% were unaware that HBV has a vaccine, 21.1% did not know where to get the vaccine, 7.9% had no time to get vaccinated; 3.9 % believed that there was no need to get vaccinated because they tested negative for the virus, while 9.2% gave no reason. Our study found a low uptake of HBV vaccine among VNRBD in our environment. We advocate for increased awareness and strong legislation to ensure universal access to the vaccine by Nigerians.

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STUDI PERBANDINGAN PEMAKAIAN PRIMER HBS1 DAN HBS2 DENGAN PRIMER P7 DAN P8 DALAM DETEKSI DNA VIRUS HEPATITIS B PADA PENDONOR DARAH

Florea Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya ◽

10.25273/florea.v7i2.7887 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Supiana Dian Nurtjahyani ◽

Mohammad Amin ◽

Retno Handajan

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Dna ◽

Serological Examination ◽

B Virus ◽

The Right ◽

Test Result

Examination of the hepatitis B virus as a disease of hepatitis serologically has been carried out a lot, but this serological examination can experience problems if there is a low window period, so even though a negative test result is still possible in a patient's body infected with the hepatitis B virus, a fast and accurate examination is needed. PCR examination is an alternative solution to overcome this problem because the results are more accurate and valid because it can directly detect hepatitis B virus DNA as the cause of hepatitis B infection. This examination requires selecting the right primer so that accurate results are obtained. The aim of this study was to compare the use of HBS1 and HBS2 primers with P7 and P8 primers in the detection of Hepatitis B virus DNA in blood donors. The method used in this study is a laboratory experiment with Polymeration Chain Reaction (PCR) examination. The results showed that the HBS1 and HBS2 primers produced more positive HBV DNA by 76.92% compared to P7 and P8 primers, only 23.08%. Conclusion HBS1 and HBS2 primers can detect positive HBV DNA with more results.

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Hepatitis B Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission in Haiphong, Vietnam: A Cohort Study with Implications for Interventions

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/4747965 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Pham Minh Khue ◽

Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh ◽

Vu Hai Vinh ◽

Luu Vu Dung ◽

Bang Nguyen Van

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Hbv Vaccine ◽

Birth Dose ◽

Mother To Child

Background. There is little data available on HBV infection and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in Vietnam. Objective. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of HBV infection and the current situation of MTCT in Haiphong, Vietnam. Methods. A transversal survey of 1721 pregnant women followed by an observational prospective cohort study of 183 HBV-infected women was conducted at Haiphong Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital. Women were followed up up to 12-month postpartum; use of prevention measures and the MTCT rate were evaluated. HBV infection in children was defined by a HBsAg-positive test at 12 months of age. Results. At baseline, 183 of 1721 pregnant women (10.6%) tested HBsAg positive. Among them, 23.0% were HBeAg positive, 26.2% had a detectable load of HBV DNA, and 13.1% had a HBV DNA load≥200,000 IU/mL. All women underwent MTCT prevention antiviral therapy. At delivery, 98.9% of newborns receive a HBV vaccine birth dose, and 82% received HBIG. At 12 months of age, 94.7% have received the scheduled HBV vaccines. Eight percent of infants born from followed-up women were HBsAg positive. The mother’s HBeAg-positive status was associated with a higher risk of HBV infection in infants. Conclusion. The HBV prevalence and MTCT rates are high in Haiphong. A strong national plan to increase the access to preventive measures and to monitor results is needed in order to decrease this prevalence.

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Prevalence of "anti-HBc alone" among Syrian blood donors

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.3827 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (08) ◽

pp. 1013-1015 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wael Muselmani ◽

Wafa Habbal ◽

Fawza Monem

Keyword(s):

Organ Transplantation ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Occult Hbv Infection ◽

Serological Profile ◽

Occult Hbv ◽

Blood Screening ◽

Hbv Transmission

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of "anti-HBc alone" among Syrian blood donors, highlighting the possibility of representing occult HBV infection. Methodology: Sera of 3,896 healthy blood donors were tested for both HBsAg and anti-HBc. HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive samples were further tested for the antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and "anti-HBc alone" sera were tested for HBV DNA. Results: Of 3,830 HBsAg-negative donors, 63 were "anti-HBc alone" donors, five of whom were HBV DNA positive. Conclusions: Greater consideration should be given to the "anti-HBc alone" serological profile in blood screening, premarital testing, organ transplantation tests, and other HBV transmission-related procedures in Syria.

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