Phenomenological Characteristics of Autobiographical Memories: Responsiveness to an Induced Negative Mood State in Those With and Without a Previous History of Depression

AbstractFeeding an infant is an interactive process that facilitates social, emotional and culturally based skills. Children with congenital or acquired cardiac disease frequently require supportive regimes with regard to feeding so as to maintain weight, resulting in altered experiences for both the child and family. This study evaluated the practical, emotional and social ramifications for parents, of having a child with cardiac disease who also experienced difficulties with oral feeding. The study sampled three groups of parents who had children less than 3 years of age: those with cardiac disease who had difficulty in feeding, those with cardiac disease and no such difficulty, and those with no medical diagnosis. Parents completed a questionnaire about feeding, a time diary of activities involved in feeding, and Tuckman's Mood Thermometers, which measure anger and ‘poorness-of-mood’ associated with feeding the identified child. Parents of children with cardiac disease and a feeding difficulty reported a significantly more negative mood-state, and significantly longer time associated with feeding, than parents of children in the other two groups. Emerging themes from qualitative analysis of the data suggested that having a child with congenital cardiac disease producing difficulty in feeding had a strong negative impact on the whole family.

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AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY RESPONSE TO A NEGATIVE MOOD IN THOSE WITH/WITHOUT A HISTORY OF DEPRESSION

Studia Psychologica ◽

10.21909/sp.2015.03.696 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 229-241

Author(s):

Andrew Edward Paul MITCHELL ◽

Keyword(s):

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Memory Response ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Depression

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Dogs are more pessimistic if their owners use two or more aversive training methods

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97743-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rachel A. Casey ◽

Maria Naj-Oleari ◽

Sarah Campbell ◽

Michael Mendl ◽

Emily J. Blackwell

Keyword(s):

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Negative Reinforcement ◽

Mood State ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Matched Pair ◽

Training Methods ◽

Negative Mood State ◽

Judgement Bias ◽

Welfare Implications

AbstractDomestic dogs are trained using a range of different methods, broadly categorised as reward based (positive reinforcement/negative punishment) and aversive based (positive punishment/negative reinforcement). Previous research has suggested associations between use of positive punishment-based techniques and undesired behaviours, but there is little research investigating the relative welfare consequences of these different approaches. This study used a judgement bias task to compare the underlying mood state of dogs whose owners reported using two or more positive punishment/negative reinforcement based techniques, with those trained using only positive reinforcement/negative punishment in a matched pair study design. Dogs were trained to discriminate between rewarded and unrewarded locations equidistant from a start box, and mean latencies recorded. Their subsequent latency to intermediate ‘ambiguous’ locations was recorded as an indication of whether these were perceived as likely to contain food or not. Dogs trained using aversive methods were slower to all ambiguous locations. This difference was significant for latency to the middle (Wilcoxon Z = − 2.380, P = 0.017), and near positive (Wilcoxon Z = − 2.447, P = 0.014) locations, suggesting that dogs trained using coercive methods may have a more negative mood state, and hence that there are welfare implications of training dogs using such methods.

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Antidepressant use in Alzheimer's disease patients: results of the REAL.FR cohort

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610209990780 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 120-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Christophe Arbus ◽

Virginie Gardette ◽

Eric Bui ◽

Christelle Cantet ◽

Sandrine Andrieu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Previous History ◽

Natural Setting ◽

Antidepressant Prescription ◽

History Of ◽

Antidepressant Use ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

History Of Depression

ABSTRACTBackground: Psychotropic medication is widely prescribed in clinical practice for the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there have been few pharmaco-epidemiological studies or studies conducted in a natural setting on the real use of antidepressants in AD. The aim of this survey was to assess the prevalence of antidepressant use in AD and to identify the clinical factors associated with antidepressant prescription.Methods: REAL.FR is a four-year, prospective, multi-center study. Baseline data including demographic characteristics, clinical variables and drug intake were obtained. Depressive symptoms were determined using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).Results: A total of 686 AD patients were included. Antidepressant treatment was prescribed for 34.8% of patients. Clinically significant depressive symptoms (NPI ≥ 4) were observed in 20.5% of the total population. Although depressed subjects were significantly more likely to be treated with antidepressants than non-depressed subjects (p<0.0001), only 60% of depressed subjects overall were prescribed an antidepressant. In multivariate analysis, clinically significant depressive symptoms were associated with antidepressant prescription although this result was only observed in subjects without a previous history of depression.Conclusions: The available data on antidepressant efficacy in BPSD other than depression (in particular, agitation, aggression and, occasionally, psychotic symptoms) do not influence prescription choices. Depressive symptoms may be taken more seriously in the absence of a previous history of depression, leading to increased antidepressant prescription rates in individuals presenting with depression for the first time.

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Parenting stress as a mediator of parents' negative mood state and behavior problems in children with newly diagnosed cancer

Psycho-Oncology ◽

10.1002/pon.3475 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 758-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ivana M. van der Geest ◽

Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink ◽

Jan Passchier ◽

Corry van den Hoed-Heerschop ◽

Rob Pieters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavior Problems ◽

Parenting Stress ◽

Mood State ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Negative Mood State ◽

And Behavior

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Psychiatric Phenomena in Alzheimer's Disease. III: Disorders of Mood

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.157.1.81 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 157 (1) ◽

pp. 81-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 147

Author(s):

Alistair Burns ◽

Robin Jacoby ◽

Raymond Levy

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressive Symptom ◽

Previous History ◽

Ventricular Enlargement ◽

Trained Observer ◽

History Of ◽

Interhemispheric Fissure ◽

History Of Depression

Of 178 patients with AD, at least one depressive symptom was reported by 63%, 24% were rated as being depressed by a trained observer, and 43% were considered depressed by their relatives. Ten per cent had a previous history of depression. Elevated mood was rare, occurring in only six patients (3.5%). Subjects with depressive symptoms had less cognitive impairment and less ventricular enlargement on CT compared with those without symptoms. Widening of the interhemispheric fissure was associated with symptoms of mania but was inversely related to presence of depressive symptoms.

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Problem-Based Review: Paracetamol Overdose

Acute Medicine Journal ◽

10.52964/amja.0516 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 212-215

Author(s):

Tom Heaps ◽

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Glasgow Coma Scale ◽

Past History ◽

Previous History ◽

Past Medical History ◽

Minute Period ◽

Normal Diameter ◽

History Of ◽

Self Harm ◽

History Of Depression

A 29-year old male presents to the emergency department 1h after an overdose of cocodamol. He admits to taking approximately 60 x 8/500mg tablets, with alcohol, over a 20 minute period. He has a past history of depression, treated by his GP with citalopram 20mg OD. He has no previous history of deliberate self-harm. His past medical history is otherwise unremarkable and he is not on any additional medications. He drinks approximately 40 units of alcohol per week. Physical examination is unremarkable, his pupils are normal diameter and his Glasgow Coma Scale is 15. He weighs 82kg.

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Predictors of healthcare worker burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.1101/2020.08.26.20182378 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amy V Ferry ◽

Ryan Wereski ◽

Fiona E Strachan ◽

Nicholas L Mills

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Worker ◽

Online Survey ◽

Previous History ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

General Anxiety ◽

Patient Health ◽

History Of ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

History Of Depression

Objective We aim to provide a snapshot of the levels of burnout, anxiety, depression and distress among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, setting, participants We distributed an online survey via social media in June 2020 that was open to any healthcare worker. The primary outcome measure was symptoms of burnout as measured using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Secondary outcomes of depression, anxiety and distress as measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Scale-7, and Impact of Events Scale-Revised were recorded along with subjective measures of stress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with burnout, depression, anxiety and distress. Results Of 539 persons responding to the survey, 90% were female, and 26% were aged 41-50 years, 53% were nurses. Participants with moderate-to-severe burnout were younger (49% [206/424] versus 33% [38/115] under 40 years, P=0.004), and more likely to have pre-existing comorbidities (21% versus 12%, P=0.031). They were twice as likely to have been redeployed from their usual role (22% versus 11%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-3.3, P=0.042), or to work in an area dedicated to COVID-19 patients (50% versus 32%, adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.8, P<0.001), and were almost 4-times more likely to have previous depression (24% versus 7%; adjusted OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.2-5.9, P=0.012). A supportive workplace team and male sex protected against burnout reducing the odds by 40% (adjusted OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7, P<0.001) and 70% (adjusted OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5, P=0.003), respectively. Conclusion Independent predictors of burnout were younger staff, redeployment to a new working area, working with patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, and being female or having a previous history of depression. Evaluation of existing psychological support interventions is required with targeted approaches to ensure support is available to those most at risk.

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