SALT BASINS OF WESTERN EUROPE AND GABON, WEST AFRICA: DYNAMICAL ASPECTS AND HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. THOMPSON ◽  
I. LERCHE ◽  
J.J. O’BRIEN
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production

The American South

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Reagan Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
American South ◽  
Public Memory ◽  
Film Music ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Racial Tension ◽  
The American South

The American South: A Very Short Introduction explores the American South, a distinctive place with a dramatic history. It is a cultural crossroads, where Western Europe met West Africa in a colonial slave society. The Civil War and civil rights movement transformed the South and remain a part of a vibrant and contested public memory. Moreover, the South's pronounced traditionalism in customs and values have always contended with the forces of modernization and the continuing challenges of racial tension. This VSI looks at Southerners' diverse creative responses to these experiences, in literature, film, music, and cuisine, which have had worldwide influence.

Peace and palaver: international relations in pre-colonial West Africa

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Smith
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
International Relations ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
West African ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Facilitated Communication ◽  
European Languages ◽  
European Diplomacy

International relations in pre-colonial West Africa were conducted in accordance with customary law, which exhibited broadly similar characteristics over a wide area. Trade and politics, linking the coast, the forest and the savannah, led to the development of diplomacy in the more centrally-organized states. Inter-African embassies enjoyed a degree of prestige and immunity comparable to that which protected European diplomacy, and a widely accepted protocol regulated negotiations. Treaties were concluded solemnly and sanctions were provided for their observance. Embassies were also sent to Europe and adjacent European possessions and settlements, North Africa and the Near East, and were generally received on a proper footing.The indigenous system of international relations was affected by two major external influences. The first, that of Islam, notably contributed literacy, and led in the Islamized states and in Ashanti to the evolution of chanceries. It also introduced the distinction in international law and practice between Muslims and non-Muslims. The Muslim states exchanged embassies, Bornu, for example, maintaining intermittent relations with North Africa and Istanbul for three centuries. The second influence, that of Western Europe, spread the knowledge of European languages which, like Arabic, facilitated communication between West Africans themselves as well as with outsiders. The development of the resident embassy in sixteenth-century Europe was apparently not reflected in West Africa until the nineteenth century, but approximations to the system of continuous diplomacy did arise, probably independently. Diplomatic relations with both Muslims and Europeans tended to increase the influence in West African politics and society of the literate élite.The indigenous system of international relations in West Africa was flexible and effective, and it seems that it was not so much diplomatic as military incapacity which allowed the Muslims to overthrow governments there and the Europeans to partition the region.

Revision of the taxonomy of the larvae of the subfamily Eutrombidiinae (Acarina : Microtrombidiidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
RV Southcott
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
West Africa ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
The Family ◽  
Biological Characters ◽  
Belgian Congo

The subfamily Eutrombidiinae of the Trombidioidea (Acarina) is revised, and placed with the Microtrombidiinae in the family Microtrombidiidae; it is divided into the three tribes Eutrombidiini, Hexathrombiini, trib, nov., and Milliotrombidiini, trib. nov., with differing biological characters as well as taxonomic. The division is made for the larvae, as adult-larva correlations are known only for Eutrombidium. Eutrombidiini is left with two genera: Verdunella, gen. nov., monotypic with V. lockleii (Welbourn & Young) from Araneida, North America, and Eutrombidium Verdun, cosmopolitan from Orthoptera, principally Acrididae, with the following species recognised as larvae: E. centrale, sp, nov., E. occidentale, sp. nov., E. orientale, sp. nov. (North America), E. trigonum (Hermann) (western Europe), E. africanum, sp. nov., E. macfarlanei, sp. nov. (Niger, west Africa), E. verdense, sp. nov. (Cape Verde Islands, Atlantic), E. robauxi, sp. nov. (Corfu, Turkey), E. feldmanmuhsamae Feider (Israel), E. indicum, sp. nov. (India), and E. australiense, sp. nov. (Australia). The following nominal taxa (larvae) are left unkeyed: E. debilipes (Leonardi) (western Russia), E. locustarum (Walsh) (North America), E. odorheiense Feider (Romania) (with subspecies E. o. odorheiense Feider and E. o. littorale Feider), and E. townsendi (Dumbleton) (New Zealand). Larvae of the Hexathrombiini are ectoparasitic on Coleoptera (one exception); genera indude Hexathrombium Cooreman, Hoplothrombium Ewing and Beronium Southcott. Hexathrombium has two species, H. spatuliferum Cooreman (on carabid beetle, former Belgian Congo), and H. willisi, sp. nov. (on cicindelid beetle, North America). Hoplothrombium is known from H. quinquescutatum Ewing (on ‘beetle mite’, i.e. Oribatei, Acarina, in toad's stomach, North America). Beronium is known for B. coiffaiti (Beron), an eyeless form (from cavernicolous carabid beetle, North Africa). Milliotrombidiini larvae are ectoparasites of Myriapoda; genera include Milliotrombidium Shiba, with M. milliopodum Shiba (from millipede, Malaya) and Kepongia, gen, nov., with K. malayensis, sp. nov. (from centipede, Malaya). Names are assigned to the various specialised setae on tarsus III of the larvae with ‘deformed’ claws, i.e. with tarsus III modified for saltation.

scholarly journals Do Nearctic Northern Wheatears (Oenanthe Oenanthe Leucorhoa) Migrate Nonstop to Africa?

The Condor ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Thorup ◽  
Kasper Thorup ◽  
Troels Eske Ortvad ◽  
JØrgen RabØl
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Great Circle ◽  
Wintering Grounds ◽  
Oenanthe Oenanthe ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Flight Costs ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Direct Flight ◽  
Great Circle Distance

Abstract We present data suggesting that Northern Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa) breeding in West Greenland and Canada may be able to accomplish migration to their wintering grounds in West Africa in one direct, transatlantic crossing of more than 4000 km (great circle distance). This conclusion is based on analyses of wing lengths, body weights, and timing of departure from West Greenland and arrival on an island 350 km off the coast of Morocco. Previously, it has been suggested that Nearctic wheatears migrate to Africa by a two-step journey, the first leg comprising a shorter transatlantic crossing to western Europe. A long, direct flight has previously been considered unfeasible as the predicted flight costs were considered to be too high. However, recent insights in aerodynamic theory make these long ocean crossings appear more feasible, especially when taking the use of tailwinds into account.

The circulation of coins and the Roman periphery

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahir Şaul
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Classical Archaeology ◽  
Interesting Part ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
European Periphery

The discussion of coin finds in the European periphery and the light they throw on the nature of the Roman socio-economic complex is the most interesting part of this paper for me, because it is somewhat analogous to the relations of western Europe with west Africa in the 19th and early colonial 20th centuries. But this commentary steps over into the vast field of classical archaeology that is unfamiliar to me and instead of pursuing this analogy I find it more comfortable to make a few more general remarks on the use of social anthropological ideas and questions of method.

Prevalence and genetic heterogeneity of SEN virus genotypes D and H in blood donors from Central and Western Europe and West Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
K. Thom ◽  
A. Cleland ◽  
M. Salakova ◽  
D. Candotti ◽  
J. Petrik
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Sen Virus

Slavery and Antislavery, 1760–1820

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Leslie Brown
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
African Slaves ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moral Critique ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade

In 1760, the ownership of African slaves was common across the Americas, ubiquitous in Atlantic Africa, and tolerated if not always officially permitted in much of Western Europe. By 1820, a new moral critique of colonial slavery and the Atlantic slave had led to the first organised efforts for their abolition. It would seem that the revolutionary era brought with it the beginning of the end for slavery in the Atlantic world. Yet, at the same time, there had never been more slaves in the Americas than there were in 1820. The expansion of the Atlantic slave trade and its increasing concentration on Brazil had profound consequences for the peoples and societies of West Africa. The Age of Revolutions was an era of spectacular growth in the institution of slavery in the Americas, when considered from a hemispheric perspective. This article suggests that the history of warfare has particular relevance to the history of slavery, and, as will become apparent, anti-slavery, in the Atlantic world.

The Radical Right in Western Europe. A Comparative Analysis.Herbert Kitschelt

1997 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 624-627
Author(s):  
Michael Minkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Radical Right
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