Provisioning the Nation

Fit for War ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Food Staples ◽  
Periods Of Stress ◽  
At Home

Chapter 7 provides an examination of mid-eighteenth century Catawba foodways. As the primary producers of the plant food staples that sustained their communities, Catawba women dealt with the stresses to food security brought about by the Nation’s militarism. Archaeobotanical analysis (Archaeobotany) suggests that by the early eighteenth century, maize had replaced acorns as a source of starch in Catawba diets and that once this change occurred, agricultural intensification was preferred over acorn collection during periods of stress. However, it does appear that Charraw Town residents in particular incorporated more foraged fruits into their diets on a regular basis during the mid-eighteenth century, and also seem to have been processing less food at home. The implications of these patterns are considered with regard to the Charraw’s status as a refugee community within the Catawba Nation.

scholarly journals Strangers Come to Devour the Land: Changing Views of Foreign Migrants in Early Eighteenth-Century England

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O’Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Refugee Community ◽  
English Society ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Responses

This article investigates the debates surrounding immigration to England some three hundred years ago and considers why it was that between the 1680s and the 1710s a discernible change occurred in how migrants were treated. Work on the emergence of a “British” Protestant identity and its relationship with continental Europe, on changing ideas of Englishness and on the campaign for a relaxation in rights of access to the English and colonial labor market are considered. The shift in popular and political responses to the arrival of refugees in England in 1709 provides a contrast to the charitable welcome extended to migrants a generation before and offers an opportunity to see that views of foreign migrants changed for a combination of reasons. True vocalization of “England’s first nationalist revolution” of 1688-89 came one generation later in 1709. Then, the first full pronouncement of a rhetoric of “suitability” for English society and of economic utility meant that a refugee community was denied Protestant charity, denied employment, and was directed away from England’s shores.

Ghosts of Exile: Doubles and Nostalgia in Vergil's "Parva Troia" ("Aeneid" 3.294ff.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Bettini
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The City ◽  
As If ◽  
At Home

This paper provides an analysis of Aeneas' visit to the "parva Troia" in Epirus (Vergil, "Aeneid" 3.294ff.), centered on the theme of "substitutes" and "doubles," and beginning with Andromache, the heroine of this encounter. With Helenus as a substitute for her deceased husband, Hector, Andromache is involved in a sort of levirate marriage. Moreover, she reacts to Aeneas and his companions as if they too were "substitutes," living persons who immediately evoke images of the dead, "doubles" for her lost loved ones (Hector first and foremost, and also Creusa and Astyanax). This makes Andromache perfectly at home in "parva Troia", which is itself a "double," a "substitute" for the city destroyed by the Greeks. Except that, like all "doubles," "parva Troia" is an insubstantial illusion, the effigy of something that no longer exists. This city and its landscape can only be "seen," not actually "inhabited." These Trojan exiles are thus victims of a syndrome very similar to "nostalgia" (a Greek word unknown to the ancient Greeks, dating to the early eighteenth century, and beautifully described in a remarkable passage by Chateaubriand). Helenus and his companions are "too faithful" to their vanished city; their destiny, like that of the dead, has been hopelessly fulfilled. Aeneas, however, is not allowed to become a prisoner of the past. Against his will, he must be "unfaithful" to his former city: he will not rebuild Troy. The companions of Helenus and Andromache suffer from an "excess of identity" (one way to define nostalgia). Aeneas, on the other hand, submits to the almost total loss of his own identity: except for the Penates, a highly significant, sacred part of the lost patria, which will contribute to the formation of his identity in a way similar to Helenus and Andromache's own nostalgic cult of the image of Troy.

The Equivalent Societies of Edinburgh and London, the Formation of the Royal Bank of Scotland, and the Nature of the Scottish Financial Revolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-114
Author(s):  
Andrew McDiarmid
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Complex Movement ◽  
At Home ◽  
The Revolution

AbstractThe historiography of the Financial Revolution in Scotland remains underdeveloped. This article addresses that gap by rounding out the rough sketch that currently represents our understanding of Scotland's Financial Revolution by focusing on the formation of the Royal Bank of Scotland, Scotland's first new financial institution in more than thirty years when it emerged in 1727. The case is made that the Scottish Financial Revolution was a complex movement, very often separated from the state and driven by the agency of Scotsmen at home and abroad, and that 1727 denoted a phase of the revolution in which financially innovative projects returned to the country after a period of absence. The article demonstrates how the progress of the Financial Revolution ebbed and flowed in the country, contingent upon political circumstances, from the nascent economic developments of the 1690s and on to the political upheaval of the early eighteenth century.

The Musical Topic of the Mass in B Minor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

If there is a fundamental musical subject of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Mass in B Minor, a compositional problem the work explores, it is the tension between two styles cultivated in church music of Bach’s time. One style was modern and drew on up-to-date music such as the instrumental concerto and the opera aria. The other was old-fashioned and fundamentally vocal, borrowing and adapting the style of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, his sixteenth-century contemporaries, and his seventeenth-century imitators. The movements that make up Bach’s Mass can be read as exploring the entire spectrum of possibilities offered by these two styles (the modern and the antique), ranging from movements purely in one or the other to a dazzling variety of ways of combining the two. The work illustrates a fundamental opposition in early-eighteenth-century sacred music that Bach confronts and explores in the Mass.

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