Chomsky's Concept of Human Nature and the Role of the State System

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Günther Grewendorf
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
Role Of The State

Fragmentation of Citizenship Governance

2017 ◽  
pp. 598-620
Author(s):  
Joel P. Trachtman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
Modern State ◽  
International Regime ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Positive Rights ◽  
Experience Effects

A future of greater migration will put pressure on the exclusive territorial model of citizenship. In the deepest analytical sense, bundled citizenship is incoherent, and made more so by extraterritorial effects of national decision-making—by the effects on persons in other territories—and, as salient for this chapter, by the mobility of persons that makes them experience effects of governmental decisions in other territories. For most historic periods since the emergence of the modern state system and in most regional contexts this mobility of persons was not significant enough, and the role of the state in providing positive rights was not great enough, to necessitate an international regime for assigning states responsibility for positive rights, and assigning individuals duties to states. However, with greater demand for mobility, greater cooperation to divide up the components of citizenship may be desirable.

Ethics and Politics in Spinoza (Remarks on the Role of Ethics IV, 37 Scholium 2)

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Alexandre Matheron
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Radical Critique ◽  
Normative Account ◽  
Ethics And Politics

In this essay, Matheron turns to Ethics IV, 37 Scholium 2, where Spinoza discusses the role of the State in managing the affects and passions of individuals. But despite a potential misreading of these passages, Matheron argues the State exists neither for the sake of obliging individuals to pursue rational ends nor for ensuring the realisation of pre-determined ethical ends that would belong to a fixed “human nature.” Spinoza’s radical critique of teleology prohibits precisely any such view for it does not fix any ends humans ought to pursue and, in so doing, it strips the State of having any fixed ethical function. Part IV of the Ethics, on this view, is not a normative account of how humans should live, but rather theorizes how they would life in the event that they were guided only by reason. In such a case, however, the state would instantaneously dissolve since humans would spontaneously agree with one another without any need for political institutions. For Matheron, the Spinozist philosopher can take up many positions with respect to particular States and legal orders, since their aim will always be to advocate for a society whose laws ensure peace and stability.

Left to Their Own Devices: Smith and Rousseau on Public Opinion and the Role of the State

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Neidleman
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social

This chapter explores the role of the state in the formation of public opinion. Both Smith and Rousseau recognized the urgency of this endeavor; both likewise recognized the threat that such a project could pose to personal liberty and popular sovereignty. However, while they framed the problem similarly, their responses to it differed in two ways. First, the stakes were greater for Rousseau: Without civic virtue, there could be no political freedom. For Smith, by contrast, moral turpitude did not automatically undermine the social fabric. The second difference—related to the first—lies in the extent to which the magistrate must be concerned with public opinion. While Smith’s magistrate needed only to direct and constrain it, Rousseau’s was tasked with transforming human nature. The explanation for these differences, the chapter argues, lies in the disparity between the thinkers’ views on the role played by citizens in the formulation of legislation.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

Kropotkin

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kinna
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Revolutionary Politics

This book is designed to remove Peter Kropotkin from the framework of classical anarchism. By focusing attention on his theory of mutual aid, it argues that the classical framing distorts Kropotkin's political theory by associating it with a narrowly positivistic conception of science, a naively optimistic idea of human nature and a millenarian idea of revolution. Kropotkin's abiding concern with Russian revolutionary politics is the lens for this analysis. The argument is that his engagement with nihilism shaped his conception of science and that his expeditions in Siberia underpinned an approach to social analysis that was rooted in geography. Looking at Kropotkin's relationship with Elisée Reclus and Erico Malatesta and examining his critical appreciation of P-J. Proudhon, Michael Bakunin and Max Stirner, the study shows how he understood anarchist traditions and reveals the special character of his anarchist communism. His idea of the state as a colonising process and his contention that exploitation and oppression operate in global contexts is a key feature of this. Kropotkin's views about the role of theory in revolutionary practice show how he developed this critique of the state and capitalism to advance an idea of political change that combined the building of non-state alternatives through direct action and wilful disobedience. Against critics who argue that Kropotkin betrayed these principles in 1914, the book suggests that this controversial decision was consistent with his anarchism and that it reflected his judgment about the prospects of anarchistic revolution in Russia.

General Particulars Regarding the Conflict of Interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Aurelia Teodora Drăghici
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Changing Role

SummaryTheme conflicts of interest is one of the major reasons for concern local government, regional and central administrative and criminal legal implications aiming to uphold the integrity and decisions objectively. Also, most obviously, conflicts of interest occur at the national level where political stakes are usually highest, one of the determining factors of this segment being the changing role of the state itself, which creates opportunities for individual gain through its transformations.

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