Strategien zur Bekämpfung von Lebensmittelverschwendung im Lichte des wohlgeordneten Rechts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Wirbel
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Food Sharing ◽  
Food Banks ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Legislative Proposal ◽  
Dumpster Diving ◽  
First Time ◽  
Legal Consequences

For the first time there is a legal investigation into food waste. Here, the measures of food sharing, food banks, Dumpster Diving and leftover restaurants are classified in the system of food and waste law and e.g the characteristics of a food business and the legal consequences are examined. In addition, based on a French regulation, a legislative proposal to combat food waste is presented and the national and european legal limits of the proposal are discussed.

Food Aid – Normalising the Abnormal in Finland

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Silvasti
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Food Banks ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Security Costs ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Food Charity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Deep Recession

In Finland, food banks and bread lines emerged for the first time during the deep recession in the mid-1990s and, since then, have become permanent. This was partly an outcome of cutting or freezing social security costs during the economic slump, but there has also been an increasingly explicit transformation in national social policy. However, the emergence and persistence of food aid cannot be explained purely as a social and poverty policy issue. This article examines charity food aid as a solution to the hunger problem within the Nordic welfare regime and traces connections linking the establishment of food charity to the prevailing food system. This article focuses on different policy actions and economic developments that took place independently during the 1990s, producing, apparently accidently and without conscious co-ordination, entrenchment of charitable food aid in Finland.

scholarly journals The Role of the Food Banks in Saving Freshwater Resources through Reducing Food Waste: The Case of the Food Bank of Navarra, Spain

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Josemi G. Penalver ◽  
Maite M. Aldaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Food Banks ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Food Wastage

In the year 2011, the FAO estimated that food loss and waste reached one third of the total food produced worldwide. Since then, numerous studies have been published characterizing this problem and reflecting on its repercussions, not only social, but also environmental. Food wastage triggers unnecessary greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation or loss of biodiversity. This study aims to quantify the water-related benefits associated with food loss and waste reduction by studying the Food Bank of Navarra (FBN). For this purpose, the water footprint assessment manual has been followed. First, the water footprint of the activities of the FBN has been analysed for the year 2018 (scenario with the FBN). A comparative analysis has been carried out between the scenario with the FBN and a theoretical scenario without the action of the FBN. This has allowed us to highlight the benefits associated with the activity of this entity. The FBN not only avoided the waste of 2.7 thousand tons of food suitable for consumption in 2018, but also avoided the unnecessary use of more than 3.2 million m3 of freshwater. As a result of the present investigation, it can be stated that promoting food banks, which avoid food waste, would be an effective way to contribute to the protection and conservation of water resources.

Free lunch, structural violence, and normalization: A neo-Gramscian analysis of food waste and dumpster diving

Organization ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 135050842097334
Author(s):  
Andreas Plank
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Structural Violence ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Dumpster Diving

Augmenting Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony with Johan Galtung’s concept of structural violence and using multiple data sources this study examines the structural phenomenon food waste and the agentic phenomenon dumpster diving. I derive my interpretations from an analysis of reports on food waste by international organizations, US media coverage of food waste, and interviews with dumpster divers. At the structural level, the analysis shows how international organizations and media frame food waste as an economic and environmental—rather than a social justice issue and how they reproduce hegemonic neoliberal conceptualizations and discourses of food and food waste. At the agentic level, the analysis shows how these hegemonic conceptualizations and discourses affect dumpster divers and how an environmental ideological motivation contains an anticapitalistic ideological motivation. Building on my neo-Gramscian analysis, I highlight the potential threat that environmental discourses might stabilize neoliberal hegemony by offering appealing consent-structures and contain more fundamental, social justice-based, critique of the neoliberal social order. To preserve its inherently critical and counter-hegemonic potential, I develop a conceptual model of food waste and discuss its relevance for critical management and organization studies.

scholarly journals Az elektronikus aláírás fogalmának megjelenése és változása

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Péter Máté Erdősi
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Digital Signature ◽  
Electronic Signature ◽  
Electronic Signatures ◽  
Digital World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Wide Usage

Az elektronikus aláírás (electronic signature) fogalmát a jog definiálta elsőként. A fogalom konzisztens elterjedését nem segíti, hogy értelmezése számos átalakuláson ment keresztül, használata során keverednek a digitális aláírás (digital signature), az azonosítás (identification), a hitelesítés (authentication) és a feljogosítás (authorization), valamint a bizalom (trust, reliance), hitelesség, szavahihetőség (trustworthiness) fogalmak. Az elektronikus aláírásnak számos aspektusa jelent meg a jogalkotási és a jogalkalmazási területeken, például használható fokozott biztonságú elektronikus aláírás (advanced electronic signature) vagy minősített elektronikus aláírás (qualified electronic signature) a normál elektronikus aláírásokon túl. A fogalomrendszer bonyolultsága szintén nem kedvez a tömeges használatnak, azonban a fogalmak és követelmények ismerete nélkül nehezen eldönthető kérdés bizonyos esetekben, hogy használható-e az adott szolgáltatás teljes bizonyító erejű magánokirat vagy közokirat létrehozására vagy sem. A tanulmány az elektronikus aláíráshoz kapcsolódó fogalmak kialakulásának historikus vizsgálatát tűzte ki célul, amely révén átfogó kép alakítható ki a napjainkban használatos fogalmak jelentéséről és értelmezéséről. Ez a digitális világban alapvető fontosságúnak tűnik. --- The Emergence and Evolution of the Conceptual Framework of Electronic Signatures The concept of the electronic signature was used for the first time by legislators. Consistent use of this concept is not helped by the fact that its interpretation has undergone many changes. Related words – digital signature, identification, authentication, authorization, trust, reliance and trustworthiness – are used interchangeably. Many aspects of the electronic signature have appeared in legislation (especially in creating and applying laws), for instance; advanced and qualified signatures may be used in addition to normal signatures. The complexity of this concept is not helped by the wide usage of electronic signatures; however, without knowing concepts and legal consequences, it is hard to decide whether a given service can be used for creating public or private documents with full probative force or not. It is argued that knowing concepts and legal effects of electronic signatures seems to be essential in the digital world. Keywords: electronic signature, digital signature, full probative force, conceptual framework

Re-distribution and promotion practices for suboptimal foods – commercial and social initiatives for the reduction of food waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Bech-Larsen ◽  
Jessica Ascheman-Witzel ◽  
Viktorija Kulikovskaja
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Food Banks ◽  
Expiration Date ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Material ◽  
Country Study

Purpose The increased acknowledgement of the problems associated with food waste has triggered a number of social and commercial initiatives for the re-distribution of suboptimal foods (SOFs). This paper aims to explore a variety of such initiatives and discuss their prospects, considering the commercial contingencies of the food supply system. Design/methodology/approach The exploration is based on a multi-country study of cases representing three initiatives related to the reduction of waste from SOFs, i.e. social supermarkets (SSMs), food banks and expiration date-based pricing practices. The collected data comprise expert interviews, store-check observations and secondary material; the data are analyzed from a marketing practice perspective. Findings The analyses indicate that the distribution and re-distribution of SOFs are moving toward normalization, that the diffusion of expiration date-based pricing through all food retailing formats is likely to continue, that food banks – despite reports of dwindling supplies of SOFs – are likely to increase their expansion and that SSMs face a variety of challenges, e.g. as regards their supply of SOFs and their customers’ preferences for stable assortments. Originality/value By synthesizing data from various European implementations of re-distribution practices, this article contributes to the understanding of the viability of such practices. Developing this understanding should benefit social and commercial entrepreneurs, as well as policymakers, when designing and implementing initiatives for the reduction of waste from SOFs.

5.7 Types of Community law (primary and secondary legislation and case law of the European Court of Justice) There are several types of EC law each with different legal consequences. Some of the law that is developed in the Community immediately becomes part of the English legal system, other laws state a goal to be achieved within a timescale of years and the governments of the Member States are free to decide how best to comply with that law. Perhaps the choice of available types of law is one of the most difficult to understand when approaching the area for the first time. This chapter will run through the main issues and will be followed by a series of diagrams to assist your understanding. Characteristics of EC law are as follows. (1) It is of several types: (a) Primary law—articles in treaties. The superior form of law. (b) Secondary legislation: • Regulations: addressed to all Member States. • Directives: addressed to all Member States (which can appear as framework directives giving quite detailed guidance for changes to a large area). • Decisions: addressed to named Member States and/or individuals and organisations. • Recommendations (not legally binding). • Opinion (not legally binding). (c) Secondary law: decisions of the ECJ in individual cases and on matters referred to it as a preliminary reference with regard to interpretation of the Treaty of Rome. The legal authority for this power is found in Article 234 (formerly 177) of the Treaty of Rome. (2) Community law is produced by different partnerships between the institutions: the Council, the Commission, the European Parliament; or by institutions with the authority acting alone: the Council, the Commission, the European Court. The Union website at www.europe.eu.int has guides to the creation of legislation and copies of all legislation and case law for the Union going back to the 1950s. (3) Community law has varying degrees of: • legal effect; and • legal consequences, depending on whether it is primary or secondary law. With regard to secondary legislation, it depends on what type of secondary legislation it is. Some types of secondary legislation request that Member States ensure a goal is achieved within a timescale, leaving it up to the State to determine how the goal should be achieved. These types of legal rules are said to be binding as to ‘outcome’.

2012 ◽  
pp. 156-156
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Member States ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Community Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
Treaty Of Rome ◽  
Ec Law ◽  
First Time ◽  
Legal Consequences
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