scholarly journals Screening of Biocontrol Agents Against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Web Blight Disease of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

10.5772/17306 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevugaperumal Ganesan ◽  
Rajagobal Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Web Blight

Colorimetric Assessment of Pod Disease in Peanuts: Comparison with Visual Methods and Efficacy of Use in Selection1

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Gregory B. Parker ◽  
Olin D. Smith ◽  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

Abstract Colorimetry was evaluated as a method to assess pod disease in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) caused primarily by Pythium myriotylum Drechs., Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Data analyzed were from nineteen replicated tests conducted from 1982 to 1987, exclusive of 1985, in three South Texas locations. Each plot was scored for pod disease colorimetrically and visually. A negative linear relationship (R2>96%) was found between Hunter color values (L and b) and percent infection measured visually for samples hand selected to approximate eleven disease levels varying from 0-100%. Variability among readings was less at extremes of infection. Correlation both between visual ratings and between visual and colorimetric ratings was affected by soil differences, pathogens infecting the pods, pod genotype, and level of infection present. Correlation among visual raters was generally higher than that between color value ratings. Two-thirds of the lines in these tests classified visually as being in the best 50% for pod disease were also in the best 50% according to colorimetric scores. Use of colorimetry in conjunction with a single visual rating was estimated to increase efficiency and reduce costs of evaluation compared to multiple visual ratings.

Influence of Temperature on the Pathogenesis and Gene Expression of Rhizoctonia solani Causing Web Blight/Wet Root Rot Disease in Mungbean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Maya Bashyal ◽  
Bhupendra Singh Kharayat ◽  
Pooja Parmar ◽  
Ashish Kumar Gupta ◽  
S. C. Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Web Blight

Background: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck) is one of the most important pulse crops and grown in almost all parts of the India. Web blight/wet root rot disease of mungbean is caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Crop environmental factors plays a vital role in the development of web blight disease caused by R. solani. An understanding of the role of environmental factors on the infection and survival of the pathogen is necessary to develop disease management practices. Methods: The effect of different temperatures (4oC, 20oC, 25oC, 30oC and 35oC) on mycelial growth of seven different R. solani isolates belonging to different anastomosis group were evaluated under in vitro conditions. Effect of different temperatures on the development of root rot/web blight disease of mungbean was also evaluated under phytotron conditions at various temperatures with constant relative humidity (85%) and illumination (alternate dark and light period of 12 h). Effect of temperatures on the expression of selected pathogenicity related genes was evaluated through real time PCR. Result: Maximum radial growth in R. solani isolates was observed at 25 and 30oC after 48 hrs of incubation. Maximum disease incidence was observed with R. solani isolate RUPU-18 (73.11%) followed by R-17 (68.75%), RDLM-1 (63.45%) at 25oC on mungbean genotype Pusa Vishal. Expression of genes like ABC transporter was observed only at 35oC, while other genes like 1, 3 glucan hydrolase expressed maximum at 25oC after 24, 48 and 72 hrs post inoculation. Present study suggested that the expression of pathogenicity related genes in mungbean-R. solani system is dependent on the temperature and time interval post pathogen inoculation.

Pod Breakdown Resistance in Peanuts1

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Porter ◽  
K. H. Garren ◽  
P. H. van Schaik
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Resistance To Infection

Abstract During 19 69–73, 13 commonly grown Virginia-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, 15 plant introductions. and two breeding lines were evaluated under field conditions for resistance to the pod breakdown fungi Pythium myriotylum and Rhizoctonia solani. Four cultivars—Early Runner. Florunner, Florigiant, and NC 17—having related pedigrees were consistently more resistant to infection by these two fungi. P.I. 341880 and P.I. 341885 and Florida breeding line F439–16–6 showed similar resistance to infection. Cultivars most susceptible to pod breakdown were NC 5, Va. 56R, Ga. 119–20 and Va. 72R. P.I. 343410 and a selection from P.I. 319178 were extremely susceptible to pod breakdown. Resistance to pod breakdown seems to have been derived from a cross between a small, white-seeded Spanish-type peanut and Dixie Giant, a large-seeded Virginia-type peanut. All resistant cultivars are related to this cross, whereas the susceptible cultivars lack these parental types in the pedigrees.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani isolates to fungicides and evaluation of peanut cultivars to Rhizoctonia limb rot1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Barnes ◽  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
W. D. Branch
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Abstract Twenty-one isolates were made from typical Rhizoctonia limb rot lesions of Florunner peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and one each from a peanut pod and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.). Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were characterized for sensitivity to three sterol-inhibiting fungicides, PCNB and chlorothalonil. Diniconazole, cyproconazole, and tebuconazole were the most effective inhibitors of radial growth, with a mean EC50 of 0.028, 0.056, and 0.166 μg/μL, respectively. EC50s for PCNB and chlorothalonil were 4.06 and 4.85 μg/mL, respectively. A technique to reproduce the disease in the greenhouse was developed and used to evaluate 18 peanut cultivars for resistance to limb inoculation with R. solani. NC 6, NC 7, New Mexico Valencia A, and Florunner were the most susceptible cultivars based on lesion length. Wounding before inoculation resulted in significantly increased lesion length for 15 of 18 cultivars. In a three-year (1986–88) field trial, NC 6, Florigiant, and NC 7 were the most susceptible cultivars, while VA 81B and Toalson appeared to be the most resistant.

Control of Southern Stem Rot and Rhizoctonia Limb Rot of Peanut with Flutolanil

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Disease Loci

Abstract Flutolanil (SN 84364) was evaluated in vitro against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. ED50 values were < 0.01 and < 0.1 μg/mL for S. rolfsii and R. solani, respectively, while Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) had ED50 values of < 0.1 and < 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Concentrations of flutolanil at 0.1 μg/mL greatly reduced sclerotia and sclerotia initial development of S. rolfsii. Field evaluations were conducted near Tifton, GA, during 1983–86 for control of southern stem rot (S. rolfsii) and Rhizoctonia limb rot (R. solani AG 4) on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Flutolanil 50 WP applied as a banded (40 cm) foliar spray at rates of 1.12 – 5.6 kg ai/ha at pegging (about 60 days post seeding) significantly (P = 0.05) decreased both disease loci numbers caused by S. rolfsii and percentage of vines infected with R. solani. Yields were increased significantly (P = 0.05) in all treatments over the four years of trials. Flutolanil 7 G was significantly (P = 0.05) less effective in controlling southern stem rot and increasing yield than the 50 WP formulation.

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