scholarly journals Effects of Rhizobium Inoculation on Nitrogen Fixation and Growth of Leguminous Green Manure Crop Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)

10.5772/56992 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation

Suppression of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon Enhanced by Hairy Vetch Green Manure and Partial Cultivar Resistance

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. Zhou ◽  
K. L. Everts
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Soil Fumigants

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) green manure is a newly-described potential management tool for Fusarium wilt of watermelon, but control is insufficient when watermelon, especially triploid watermelon, is grown in severely infested soils. A field experiment in a split-split-plot design was conducted over two years to evaluate efficacy of hairy vetch green manure alone and in combination with a moderately wilt-resistant (MR) triploid watermelon cultivar for wilt suppression compared with preplant soil fumigants. Either the soil-incorporated hairy vetch winter cover crop or the MR cultivar was effective in reducing wilt incidence, promoting plant vine growth, and increasing fruit yield. However, neither approach alone resulted in disease reductions sufficient to obtain an acceptable level of marketable fruit yield. An additive effect was observed when both treatments were combined and was greater than that obtained with the fumigants methyl bromide or metam sodium. Stem colonization by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was lower following hairy vetch green manure than in fallow treatments, and was lowest in the MR cultivar grown in green-manured plots. The combined use of hairy vetch green manure and a MR cultivar can enhance suppression of Fusarium wilt in triploid watermelon. Accepted for publication 25 February 2006. Published 5 April 2006.

scholarly journals A New Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Variety, ‘Cheongpoogbora’ for Green Manure

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja-Hwan Ku ◽  
Min-Tae Kim ◽  
Weon-Tai Jeon ◽  
Ki-Yeong Seong ◽  
Hyeoun-Suk Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa

Productivity, water use and nitrogen fixation of annual-legume green-manure crops in the Dark Brown soil zone of Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
A. E. Slinkard ◽  
L. D. Bailey ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
W. A. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Legume Green Manure

Both large-seeded annual legumes (pulse crops) and small-seeded annual or perennial legumes (forage crops) fix nitrogen (N) and can improve soil organic matter and fertility when used for green manuring. The role of pulses as green-manure crops has not been adequately evaluated in the Prairies, as they have been grown primarily as cash seed crops. An experiment was conducted in the Dark Brown soil zone at Saskatoon over four growing seasons on a moderately heavy-textured soil to determine the productivity, nitrogen fixation and soil moisture use of pea (Pisum sativum L. ’Trapper’), faba bean (Vicia faba L. ’Outlook’), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. ’Eston’ and ’Indianhead’), Tangier flatpea (Lathyrus tingitanus L. ’Tinga’) and seedling alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. ’Moapa’) as green-manure substitutes for summerfallow. Dry-matter production (above ground) by full bloom averaged 6390, 4140, 3590, 2930 and 1260 kg ha−1 for pea, lentil, faba bean, Tangier flatpea and seedling alfalfa, respectively. Nitrogen yields were 166, 108, 119, 81 and 36 kg ha−1 and N fixation rates were 40, 15, 40, 24 and 4 kg ha−1 for pea, lentil, faba bean, Tangier flatpea and seedling alfalfa, respectively. Green-manure used similar amounts of water as wheat grown to maturity. Snow trapping by desiccating the standing green-manure crop was ineffective in increasing soil water in the spring. Low seeding rate and thus low cost of production made lentil the most reasonable choice as an annual-legume green-manure crop. However, improved methods of water conservation must be found to replace the water used to grow the green-manure crop. Key words: Pea, lentil, faba bean, Tangier flatpea, green manure, soil moisture

scholarly journals Yield components of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) in different sowing technologies on acidic sandy soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Edit Kosztyuné Krajnyák ◽  
Béla Szabó ◽  
Sándor Vágvölgyi ◽  
Réka Bukta ◽  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fertilization Practice

Nearly a quarter of the agricultural utilized area of our country is made up of sandy soils. Sandy soils are poor in nutrients, and, therefore, the effectiveness of farming is basically determined by the method of maintaining soil fertility and the fertilization practice. The hairy vetch called Vicia villosa Roth (Sandy Roth.), also known as a sand pioneer, plays a significant role in the exploitation of sandy soils. Its cultivation was started in Hungary in the late 1800s. It is primarily used as green fodder, most recently as a green manure and as a soil protection plant. The lupine is grown mainly as a supportive plant, which was previously rye, and today it is triticale. The ratio of the two plants to each other and the spatial location of plants depend on the method of sowing. The aim of our work was to present the yields of some of the grain grown in different sowing methods and some of its crops.

Improving the use of rye (Secale cereale) for nematode management: potential to select cultivars based on Meloidogyne incognita host status and benzoxazinoid content

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff Rice ◽  
Inga Zasada ◽  
Susan Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Host Status

AbstractSix geographically diverse cultivars of rye (Secale cereale), a wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cultivar unstated were screened for Meloidogyne incognita host suitability. Chemical constituents of rye can suppress M. incognita, so the rye cultivars and wheat were also tested for benzoxazinoid content to determine if rye cultivar selection could be based upon plant chemistry. There was variation in M. incognita host status among the rye cultivars. Cultivars Aroostook, Elbon, Oklon and Wrens Abruzzi were the most resistant rye cultivars, with low numbers of M. incognita eggs/g dry root. Cultivar Wheeler had somewhat more eggs/g root than these cultivars, while cv. Merced supported nearly three times more eggs/g root than cv. Wheeler. Most of the rye cultivars were similar to each other in total benzoxazinoid content, although cv. Aroostook had the lowest amount of total benzoxazinoids. When data from roots and shoots were combined, more than 79% of the total benzoxazinoids in all six of the rye cultivars were comprised of the non-methoxy-substituted forms: i) (2R)-2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA-glucoside); ii) 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA); and iii) benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA). In the rye cultivar roots there was little difference among cultivars in amounts of the methoxy-substituted benzoxazinoids: i) (2R)-2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA-glucoside); ii) 2,4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA); iii) 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (MBOA); and iv) 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4,-benzoxazzin-3(4H)-one (HMBOA). However, cv. Aroostook roots had the lowest concentration of non-methoxy-substituted benzoxazinoids. Rye cultivars were generally similar to each other in amounts of benzoxazinoids in shoots. The shoots had much lower concentrations of methoxy-substituted benzoxazinoinds than the roots but much higher concentrations of non-methoxy-substituted forms. Cultivars with the lowest numbers of eggs/g root and the highest amounts of benzoxazinoids (with potential for action against nematodes in soil after incorporation as a green manure) are possible candidates for optimal nematode management.

Green manure species respond differently to blade rolling

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1507-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Vaisman ◽  
Martin H. Entz ◽  
Keith C. Bamford ◽  
Ian Cushon
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L

Vaisman, I., Entz, M. H., Bamford, K. C. and Cushon, I. 2014. Green manure species respond differently to blade rolling. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1507–1511. Reducing tillage in green manure (GM) management has led to interest in using the blade roller in organic agriculture. This study investigated the interaction effect of GM termination method (blade rolling and conventional tillage) and GM species choice [chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.), Indian Head lentil (Lens culinaris), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)] on a subsequent crop of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Significant effects on weed density and biomass, wheat biomass, and wheat yield indicated that the GM species were affected differently by termination methods. It was also discovered that spring-seeded hairy vetch continues to grow after rolling, while chickling vetch and lentil die.

scholarly journals A Medium-late Maturing and High Biomass Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) Variety for Green Manure, ‘Ontobi’

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
Ja-Hwan Ku ◽  
Min-Tae Kim ◽  
Ouk-kyu Han ◽  
Young-Up Kwon ◽  
Chung-Guk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa

Mineral Nitrogen Effects of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) on Maize (Zea mays L.) by Green Manure Amounts

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Seo ◽  
H.J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), as a green manure, increases fungal biomass, fungal community composition, and phosphatase activity in soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 117-118 ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Kataoka ◽  
Katsuhiko Nagasaka ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Hideki Yamamura ◽  
Shoya Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Vicia Villosa

scholarly journals Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningguang Dong ◽  
Guanglong Hu ◽  
Yunqi Zhang ◽  
Jianxun Qi ◽  
Yonghao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Walnut Tree

AbstractThis study characterized the effect of green manures (February orchid, hairy vetch, rattail fescue and a no-green-manure control) and the termination method (flail or disk) on nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil and vegetative growth of walnut tree. All three selected green manures significantly enhanced the water content, organic C, total N and available P. The rattail fescue significantly decreased the mineral N. Total organic C, total N, mineral N and available P were significantly greater under flail than under disk. Hairy vetch and February orchid significantly improved levels of soil β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activity, whereas rattail fescue improved only β-glucosidase activity. All of the green manures significantly decreased phenoloxidase activity. β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly greater under flail relative to disk. The termination method had no significant effect on phenoloxidase activity. The different types of green manures and termination methods significantly altered the soil microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The green-manure treatments were characterized by a significantly greater abundance of Gram-positive (Gram +) bacteria, total bacteria and saprophytic fungi compared to the control. Hairy vetch significantly decreased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) while February orchid and rattail fescue increased their abundance compared to the no-green-manure treatment. The abundance rates of Gram+ bacteria, actinomycetes, saprophytic fungi and AMF were significantly greater in soils under flail than under disk. In terms of vegetative growth of walnut tree, hairy vetch showed the greatest positive effects. The growth of walnut tree was significantly greater under flail relative to disk. Our results indicate that green-manure application benefits the rhizosphere soil micro-ecology, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents and tree growth. Overall, the hairy vetch and flail combined treatment is recommended for walnut orchards in northern China.

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