scholarly journals Proximate and Underlying Causes of Illegal Timber Trade in Uganda

10.5772/61015 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Turyahabwe ◽  
Willy Kakuru ◽  
Martin Asiimwe ◽  
Patrick Byakagaba
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Timber Trade

Bronchial Arterial Embolization for Hemoptysis: Analysis of Outcome in Various Underlying Causes

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Min Lee ◽  
Hyo Sung Kwak ◽  
Young Min Han ◽  
Yang Keun Lee ◽  
Hyeun Young Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Embolization ◽  
Bronchial Arterial Embolization ◽  
Underlying Causes

Construction Control As A Strategy For Improving The Quality Of Buildings And Structures

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Construction Control ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Construction Market ◽  
Construction Products ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Required Quality

In construction production, the safety of constructing buildings and structures is achieved by ensuring the required quality as a result of systematic construction control based on the implementation of a complex of technical, economic and organizational measures at all stages of the object's life cycle. The article deals with the actual problem of improving the quality of construction products-buildings and structures in conjunction with the activities of construction control bodies. The article presents the advanced foreign and domestic experience of ensuring the quality control at the construction sites, providing for the prevention of the underlying causes of defects and increasing the interest of the contractors directly. On the basis of the analysis of the current situation with quality control at the construction market, ways to improve its efficiency by developing a unified system of technological implementation of relevant requirements for the quality of construction products, determining the rational number and business load of construction control engineers, as well as the active activities of self-regulatory organizations in this area are offered.

The Development of Rural People: Myths and Approaches (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4I) ◽  
pp. 379-395
Author(s):  
Mahmood Hasan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Major Factors

Most rural populations in underdeveloped countries are poor, no matter how one defines poverty. The rural poor are neither a homogeneous group, nor is the incidence of poverty equally distributed among them. They do, however, share the underlying causes of their poverty. Landlessness (or absence of productive land) and poor prospects of employment at low wage rates are among the major factors. In some regions, the natural and physical environment exacerbates the conditions of poverty, even if the poor have reasonable entitlements to land. The prospects of improved living conditions for the rural poor depend on many factors. The major ones seem to be (a) population growth, (b) technical progress, (c) markets, and (d) public policy environment. The contribution of each of these factors is not easy to identify, because they act on the human condition in an interdependent and complex way. In most underdeveloped countries, the forces of market and government policies tend to work against the rural poor.

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ БЕСПРЕДЕЛ ОППОЗИЦИИ И ПОЧЕМУ ВЫИГРАЛ ВЫБОРЫ АШРАФ ГАНИ?

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Мохаммад Исаак Шафак
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Personal Qualities

Аннотация: В данной статье автор исследовал феномен победы действующего президента Мохаммада Аршаф Гани, выигравшего во второй раз президентские выборы у своих оппонентов, его персональные качества в отличие от его оппонентов, проигравших выборы на пример Абдуллы Абдуллы. Названы глубинные причины возникновения политического кризиса, как недоговороспособность политических элит Афганистана, разрозненных личными и местечковыми интересами своих кланов. Сделан анализ, почему годами оставаясь у власти, оппоненты Ашрафа Гани, не использовали свои властные полномочия не улучшили политическую ситуацию Афганистана. Автором приведены аналитические выводы их отрицательного влияния на развитие политических процессов, это связано большей частью для сохранения собственных корыстных интересов и благ. Автор на примере анализа деятельности президента и его оппонентов на выборах, выразил собственное экспертную оценку вокруг сложившийся политической ситуации вновь избранного действующего президента Ашрафа Гани Ахмадзая, как политической персоны, выделив его слабые и сильные стороны и оппонентов. Ключевые слова: феномен победы, политический кризис, выборы. Аннотация: Автордун бул илимий макаласында, Мохаммад Ашраф Ганидин экинчи мөөнөткө 2019 -жылы 28-сентябрда болуп өткөн президенттик шайлоодо атаандаштарын утушу, Абдулла Абдулла жана да башка оппонентеринин президенттик шайлоодогу жеке сапаттарын изилдеген. Ооган саясий элитасынын ар түрдүү жеке жана ичи тардык, кызгануу сыяктуу эле кызыкчылыктарын, саясий башаламандык кыймылы жөнүндө жана ошол себептер менен саясий кризис курчуунун негизги себептерин атады. Алардын (эски элитанын) бийликте калуу максатында кыймылдарынын терс таасири тууралуу аналитикалык корутунду көрсөттү, бул инсандар негизинен өздөрүнүн жеке керт башынын кызыкчылыктары менен пайдасын сактоо менен байланыштуу, шайлоодо президенттин иш-аракеттери жана оппоненттери боюнча сереп-талдоо жазылган. Ооганстандагы саясый кырдаал жакшырган жок, саясий жараяндар таатал боюнча калууда, Ашраф Гани менен оппоненттеринин күчтүү жактарын жана кемчиликтери касиеттери жөнүндө, учурдагы Ооганстанда саясий кырдаал тууралуу өзүнүн серебин билдирди. Түйүндүү сөздөр: жеңүүнүн феномени, саясий кризис, шайлоо Annotation: In this article, the author explored the phenomenon of victory of incumbent President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, who won the second time the presidential election against his opponents, his personal qualities, unlike his opponents, who lost theelection by the example of Abdullah Abdullah. The underlying causes of the political crisis are identified as the lack of maturity of the political elites of Afghanistan, fragmented by the personal and local interests of their clans. An analysis is made of why staying in power for years, opponents of Ashraf Ghani, did not use their power, did not improve the political situation in Afghanistan, the author gives analytical conclusions of their negative impact on the development of political processes, this is mainly due to preserving their own selfish interests and benefits. The author, using an example of analysis of the activities of the president and his opponents in the elections, expressed his own expert assessment around the current political situation of the newly elected incumbent president Ashraf Gani Ahmadzai as a political person, highlighting his weaknesses and strengths and opponents. Keywords: the phenomenon of victory, political crisis, elections.

Social Failure Modes in Technology and the Ethics of AI

2020 ◽  
pp. 441-461
Author(s):  
Jason Millar
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Physical Defects ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter argues that, just as technological artefacts can break as a result of mechanical, electrical, or other physical defects not fully accounted for in their design, they can also break as a result of social defects not fully accounted for in their design. These failures resulting from social defects can be called social failures. The chapter then proposes a definition of social failure as well as a taxonomy of social failure modes—the underlying causes that lead to social failures. An explicit and detailed understanding of social failure modes, if properly applied in engineering design practice, could result in a fuller evaluation of the social and ethical implications of technology, either during the upstream design and engineering phases of a product, or after its release. Ideally, studying social failure modes will improve people’s ability to anticipate and reduce the rate or severity of undesirable social failures prior to releasing technology into the wild.

scholarly journals Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis following a long-standing monoclonal gammopathy: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2097956
Author(s):  
Dorsa Zabihi-pour ◽  
Bahar Bahrani ◽  
Dalal Assaad ◽  
Jensen Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Granulomatous Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Background: Palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis is a rare inflammatory dermatosis with possible underlying systemic conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune connective tissue disease, and malignancies. Case Summary: We report a case of an 84-year-old man presenting with a 3-week eruption of asymptomatic annular plaques on his neck, which progressed to involve his back and legs. Skin biopsies confirmed a diagnosis of palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis, and he was treated with prednisone. Full workup related to potential underlying causes of palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis was completed. Conclusion: Palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis may precede the onset of underlying systemic conditions or occur concomitantly. Following the diagnosis, clinicians should perform a comprehensive focused history, physical examination, and laboratory investigation related to the associated underlying diseases.

scholarly journals Etiologies and clinical characteristics of young patients with angle-closure glaucoma: a 15-year single-center retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Jiajian Wang ◽  
Junyi Chen ◽  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Yuhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neovascular Glaucoma ◽  
Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽  
Uncommon Presentation ◽  
Underlying Causes

Abstract Purpose To investigate the etiologies and the clinical characteristics of angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) patients younger than 40 years old in Chinese. Methods Inpatients with diagnosis of ACG and diagnosed age younger than or equal to 40 years old, who were admitted in Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital Fudan University from 2002 to 2017, were included in this retrospective non-comparative case series. The underlying causes and clinical features for all the patients were analyzed by comprehensive review of medical charts. Results A total of 298 patients (463 eyes) met the criteria, including 153 females (51.3%) and 145 males (48.7%); the mean age was 25.6 ± 13.0 years. Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), uveitis, and anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) were the top three etiologies in our patients, which accounted for 32.6%, 20.3%, and 15.1% of the total patients respectively. PACG mainly occurs after 30 years of age and ASD is the top reason of ACG in patients younger than 20 years old. Other known etiologies include iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, neovascular glaucoma, nanophthalmos, retinitis pigmentosa, spherophakia, bestrophinopathy, persistent fetal vasculature, iridociliary cysts, congenital retinoschisis, Marfan’s syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, congenital retinal folds, Coat’s disease, and neurofibromatosis. Conclusions We described the uncommon presentation of ACG in Chinese young patients. Although unusual, most of the etiologies could be identified. Therefore, more careful and comprehensive examinations are needed for early detection and timely treatment for young ACG patients.

scholarly journals Neuroblastoma and the epigenome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfete S. Fetahu ◽  
Sabine Taschner-Mandl
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Tet Proteins ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Aberrant Dna Methylation

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system and one of the most common solid tumors in infancy. Amplification of MYCN, copy number alterations, numerical and segmental chromosomal aberrations, mutations, and rearrangements on a handful of genes, such as ALK, ATRX, TP53, RAS/MAPK pathway genes, and TERT, are attributed as underlying causes that give rise to NB. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease—along with the relative paucity of recurrent somatic mutations—reinforces the need to understand the interplay of genetic factors and epigenetic alterations in the context of NB. Epigenetic mechanisms tightly control gene expression, embryogenesis, imprinting, chromosomal stability, and tumorigenesis, thereby playing a pivotal role in physio- and pathological settings. The main epigenetic alterations include aberrant DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of posttranslational histone modifications, alterations in chromatin composition and/or architecture, and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs. DNA methylation and demethylation are mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, respectively, while histone modifications are coordinated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HATs, HDACs), and histone methyltransferases and demethylases (HMTs, HDMs). This article focuses predominately on the crosstalk between the epigenome and NB, and the implications it has on disease diagnosis and treatment.

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