The Adaptation Mechanisms of Bacteria Applied in Bioremediation of Hydrophobic Toxic Environmental Pollutants: How Indigenous and Introduced Bacteria Can Respond to Persistent Organic Pollutants-Induced Stress?

Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants as a risk factor of offspring metabolic syndrome development during childhood

Reviews on Environmental Health ◽

10.1515/reveh-2020-0113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Marlene Cervantes González

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Prenatal Exposure ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Experimental Findings

Abstract Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are exogenous, artificially made chemicals that can disrupt the biological system of individuals and animals. POPs encompass a variety of chemicals including, dioxins, organochlorines (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that contain a long half-life and highly resistant to biodegradation. These environmental pollutants accumulate over time in adipose tissues of living organisms and alter various insulin function-related genes. Childhood Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) consists of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, insulin function being one of them. Over the years, the incidence of the syndrome has increased dramatically. It is imperative to explore the role of persistent organic pollutants in the development of Childhood Metabolic Syndrome. Some epidemiological studies have reported an association between prenatal exposure to POPs and offspring MetS development throughout childhood. These findings have been replicated in animal studies in which these pollutants exercise negative health outcomes such as obesity and increased waist circumference. This review discusses the role of prenatal exposure to POPs among offspring who develop MetS in childhood, the latest research on the MetS concept, epidemiological and experimental findings on MetS, and the POPs modes of action. This literature review identified consistent research results on this topic. Even though the studies in this review had many strengths, one major weakness was the usage of different combinations of MetS criteria to measure the outcomes. These findings elucidate the urgent need to solidify the pediatric MetS definition. An accurate definition will permit scientists to measure the MetS as a health outcome properly and allow clinicians to diagnose pediatric MetS and provide individualized treatment appropriately.

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Isolation of Acetobacterium sp. Strain AG, Which Reductively Debrominates Octa- and Pentabrominated Diphenyl Ether Technical Mixtures

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02919-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 1110-1117 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Chang Ding ◽

Wai Ling Chow ◽

Jianzhong He

Keyword(s):

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽

Enrichment Culture ◽

Diphenyl Ether ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Content Type ◽

Diphenyl Ethers ◽

First Time ◽

Free Enrichment

ABSTRACTPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of environmental pollutants that have been classified as persistent organic pollutants since 2009. In this study, a sediment-free enrichment culture (culture G) was found to reductively debrominate octa- and penta-BDE technical mixtures to less-brominated congeners (tetra-, tri-, and di-BDEs) via apara-dominant debromination pattern for the former and a strictparadebromination pattern for the latter. Culture G could debrominate 96% of 280 nM PBDEs in an octa-BDE mixture to primarily tetra-BDEs in 21 weeks. Continuous transferring of culture G with octa-/penta-BDEs dissolved inn-nonane or trichloroethene (TCE) yielded two strains (Acetobacteriumsp. strain AG andDehalococcoidessp. strain DG) that retained debromination capabilities. In the presence of lactate but without TCE, strain AG could cometabolically debrominate 75% of 275 nM PBDEs in a penta-BDE mixture in 33 days. Strain AG shows 99% identity to its closest relative,Acetobacterium malicum. In contrast to strain AG, strain DG debrominated PBDEs only in the presence of TCE. In addition, 18 out of 19 unknown PBDE debromination products were successfully identified from octa- and penta-BDE mixtures and revealed, for the first time, a comprehensive microbial PBDE debromination pathway. As an acetogenic autotroph that rapidly debrominates octa- and penta-BDE technical mixtures,Acetobacteriumsp. strain AG adds to the still-limited understanding of PBDE debromination by microorganisms.

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Interactions of Microplastics with Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Ecotoxicological Effects: A Review

Tropical Aquatic and Soil Pollution ◽

10.53623/tasp.v1i1.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 24-34

Author(s):

Kuok Ho Daniel Tang

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

High Accumulation ◽

The Past ◽

Holistic Understanding ◽

Two Factors ◽

Natural Organic Matters ◽

Multiple Conditions

With the increasing presence of microplastics and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), it is crucial to understand the interactions between the two emerging environmental pollutants and their ecotoxicological risks. This paper reviews more than 50 relevant scholarly papers published mainly in the past 10 years. It shows that the sorption of POPs to microplastics is affected by environmental factors and the properties of microplastics. The environmental factors comprise salinity, pH, natural organic matters and temperature. The properties of microplastics include degree of aging, molecular weight, size, shape, density, crystallinity, polymer type and color. The two factors are interconnected through weathering and weatherability of microplastics, where properties of microplastics, hence their interactions with POPs would be modified by environmental factors. Microplastics are potential vectors of POPs due to their ability to sorb and concentrate POPs. However, the studies reviewed showed the impacts to be low or insignificant and the sorbed POPs do not demonstrate significantly high accumulation, bioavailability and toxicity. In some literature, it has been reported that microplastics might reduce POPs in an organism. Due to limited studies and opposing views, there is a need to conduct more studies involving diverse POPs and microplastics under multiple conditions to provide a more holistic understanding on this subject.

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A Pest or Otherwise? Encounter of Oryctes rhinoceros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with Persistent Organic Pollutants

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12090818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 818

Author(s):

Meng-Wei Shen ◽

Hung-Chuan Chen ◽

Shyi-Tien Chen

Keyword(s):

Southeast Asia ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Tolerance Limits ◽

Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽

Potential Use

The potential use of invertebrates as bioreactors to treat environmental pollutants is promising and of great interest. Three types of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely pentachlorophenol (PCP), PAHs (naphthalene and phenanthrene) and dieldrin (DLN), were spiked in soil and treated by using Oryctes rhinoceros larvae, a known pest of coconut trees in southeast Asia, and also the indicators of POP toxicity and the fate and degradability of the ingested POPs were assessed. The larvae were tested at various levels of the POPs and went through an acclimation process. Without acclimation, the tolerance limits of the larvae toward PCP, PAHs and DLN were 200, 100 and 0.1 mg/kg-soil, respectively, yet with acclimation, the tolerance levels increased to 800, 400 and 0.5 mg/kg-soil, respectively. Biodegradation rates of all the tested POPs were >90% by week 2, with <5% and nearly 0% remaining in the feces and body of the larvae, respectively. The results suggest that the use of the beetle larvae in soil POP decontamination is doable.

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Geographic variation of persistent organic pollutants in Hawaiian monk seals Monachus schauinslandi in the main Hawaiian Islands

Endangered Species Research ◽

10.3354/esr00602 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 249-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J Lopez ◽

KD Hyrenbach ◽

C Littnan ◽

GM Ylitalo

Keyword(s):

Geographic Variation ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Hawaiian Islands ◽

Monachus Schauinslandi ◽

Monk Seals

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Evaluating Risk After a Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant Released Persistent Organic Pollutants: Part 3, Aboriginal Health Risk and Impact

Case Studies in the Environment ◽

10.1525/cse.2018.001099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tee L. Guidotti

Keyword(s):

Health Risk ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Aboriginal Health ◽

Treatment Center ◽

Hazardous Waste Treatment ◽

Waste Treatment Plant ◽

Health Canada

On 16 October 1996, a malfunction at the Swan Hills Special Waste Treatment Center (SHSWTC) in Alberta, Canada, released an undetermined quantity of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the atmosphere, including polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans. The circumstances of exposure are detailed in Part 1, Background and Policy Issues. An ecologically based, staged health risk assessment was conducted in two parts with two levels of government as sponsors. The first, called the Swan Hills Study, is described in Part 2. A subsequent evaluation, described here in Part 3, was undertaken by Health Canada and focused exclusively on Aboriginal residents in three communities living near the lake, downwind, and downstream of the SHSWTC of the area. It was designed to isolate effects on members living a more traditional Aboriginal lifestyle. Aboriginal communities place great cultural emphasis on access to traditional lands and derive both cultural and health benefits from “country foods” such as venison (deer meat) and local fish. The suspicion of contamination of traditional lands and the food supply made risk management exceptionally difficult in this situation. The conclusion of both the Swan Hills and Lesser Slave Lake studies was that although POPs had entered the ecosystem, no effect could be demonstrated on human exposure or health outcome attributable to the incident. However, the value of this case study is in the detail of the process, not the ultimate dimensions of risk. The findings of the Lesser Slave Lake Study have not been published previously and are incomplete.

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