scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Aldosterone Production and Action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. MacKenzie ◽  
Josie van Kralingen ◽  
Hannah Martin ◽  
Eleanor Davies
Keyword(s):  
Aldosterone Production

ALDOSTERONE STIMULATION IN VITRO

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Müller
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Urine Extract ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Aldosterone Production

ABSTRACT An extract of human urine, which was previously shown to stimulate aldosterone production by rat adrenal sections, was further purified. Evidence was obtained that its aldosterone-stimulating effect was due to the presence of ammonium ions. Addition of ammonium chloride and of urine extract to the incubation medium caused identical increases in aldosterone production in vitro. In addition to ammonium ions, rubidium and caesium ions also stimulated aldosterone production up to 250% that of control values without a significant effect on corticosterone production. Similar dose-response curves were obtained when increasing concentrations of potassium, ammonium, rubidium and caesium ions were tested. Aldosterone production was maximal at concentrations of 7 mval/1 and was significantly lower at higher concentrations. When ammonium chloride and ACTH were simultaneously added to the incubation medium, the production of aldosterone and of corticosterone was lower than with ACTH alone. On the other hand, the stimulating activity on aldosterone and corticosterone production by »TPN« (NADP) and glucose-6-phosphate was enhanced by the simultaneous addition of ammonium chloride.

VARIATIONS IN PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND URINARY ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AFTER SALT RESTRICTION AND ACUTE PITUITARY INHIBITION WITH 6-DEHYDRO-16-METHYLENE HYDROCORTISONE

1971 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
A. Peytremann ◽  
R. Veyrat ◽  
A. F. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Salt Restriction ◽  
Aldosterone Production

ABSTRACT Variations in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion were studied in normal subjects submitted to salt restriction and simultaneous inhibition of ACTH production with a new synthetic steroid, 6-dehydro-16-methylene hydrocortisone (STC 407). At a dose of 10 mg t. i. d. this preparation exerts an inhibitory effect on the pituitary comparable to that of 2 mg of dexamethasone. In subjects maintained on a restricted salt intake, STC 407 does not delay the establishment of an equilibrium in sodium balance. The increases in endogenous aldosterone production and in plasma renin activity are also similar to those seen in the control subjects. A possible mineralocorticoid effect of STC 407 can be excluded. Under identical experimental conditions, the administration of dexamethasone yielded results comparable to those obtained with STC 407.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 expression in aldosterone-producing adenomas

2002 ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Fallo ◽  
V Pezzi ◽  
L Barzon ◽  
P Mulatero ◽  
F Veglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Aldosterone Production

BACKGROUND: The presence and pathophysiological role of CYP11B1 (11beta-hydroxylase) gene in the zona glomerulosa of human adrenal cortex is still controversial. METHODS: In order to specifically quantify CYP11B1, CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) and CYP17(17alpha-hydroxylase) mRNA levels, we developed a real-time RT-PCR assay and examined the expression in a series of adrenal tIssues, including six normal adrenals from patients adrenalectomized for renal cancer and twelve aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) from patients with primary aldosteronism. RESULTS: CYP11B1 mRNA levels were clearly detected in normal adrenals, which comprised both zona glomerulosa and fasciculata/reticularis cells, but were also measured at a lower range (P<0.05) in APA. The levels of CYP11B2 mRNA were lower (P<0.005) in normal adrenals than in APA. CYP17 mRNAlevels were similar in normal adrenals and in APA. In patients with APA, CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 mRNA levels were not correlated either with basal aldosterone or with the change from basal aldosterone in response to posture or to dexamethasone. No correlation between CYP11B1 mRNA or CYP11B2 mRNA and the percentage of zona fasciculata-like cells was observed in APA. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time RT-PCR can be reliably used to quantify CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 mRNA levels in adrenal tIssues. Expression of CYP11B1 in hyperfunctioning zona glomerulosa suggests an additional formation of corticosterone via 11beta-hydroxylase, providing further substrate for aldosterone biosynthesis. CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 mRNA levels in APA are not related to the in vivo secretory activity of glomerulosa cells, where post-transcriptional factors might ultimately regulate aldosterone production.

scholarly journals Angiotensin II-Induced Protein Kinase D Activates the ATF/CREB Family of Transcription Factors and Promotes StAR mRNA Expression

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 2524-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Olala ◽  
Vivek Choudhary ◽  
Maribeth H. Johnson ◽  
Wendy B. Bollag
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Protein Kinase D ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Glomerulosa Cells ◽  
Constitutively Active

Aldosterone synthesis is initiated upon the transport of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where the cholesterol is hydrolyzed to pregnenolone. This process is the rate-limiting step in acute aldosterone production and is mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. We have previously shown that angiotensin II (AngII) activation of the serine/threonine protein kinase D (PKD) promotes acute aldosterone production in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the downstream signaling effectors of AngII-stimulated PKD activity. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of the constitutively active serine-to-glutamate PKD mutant enhances, whereas the dominant-negative serine-to-alanine PKD mutant inhibits, AngII-induced StAR mRNA expression relative to the vector control. PKD has been shown to phosphorylate members of the activating transcription factor (ATF)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) family of leucine zipper transcription factors, which have been shown previously to bind the StAR proximal promoter and induce StAR mRNA expression. In primary glomerulosa cells, AngII induces ATF-2 and CREB phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of the constitutively active PKD mutant enhances the AngII-elicited phosphorylation of ATF-2 and CREB, and the dominant-negative mutant inhibits this response. Furthermore, the constitutively active PKD mutant increases the binding of phosphorylated CREB to the StAR promoter. Thus, these data provide insight into the previously reported role of PKD in AngII-induced acute aldosterone production, providing a mechanism by which PKD may be mediating steroidogenesis in primary bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells.

scholarly journals Renin and prorenin have no direct effect on aldosterone synthesis in the human adrenocortical cell lines H295R and HAC15

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter M Jansen ◽  
Johannes Hofland ◽  
Anton H van den Meiracker ◽  
Frank H de Jong ◽  
AH Jan Danser
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Adrenocortical Cell ◽  
Transgenic Rats ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽  
Erk Phosphorylation ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
Aldosterone Production

Introduction: Transgenic rats expressing the human (pro)renin receptor (h(P)RR) have elevated plasma aldosterone levels despite unaltered levels, in plasma and adrenal, of renin and angiotensin II. Materials and methods: To investigate whether renin/prorenin–(P)RR interaction underlies these elevated aldosterone levels, the effect of (pro)renin on steroidogenesis was compared with that of angiotensin II in two (P)RR-expressing human adrenocortical cell lines, H295R and HAC15. Angiotensin II rapidly induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and increased the expression of STAR, CYP21A2, CYP11B2, and CYP17A1 at 6 and 24 hours, whereas the expression of CYP11A1 and HSD3B2 remained unaltered. Incubation with renin or prorenin at nanomolar concentrations had no effect on the expression of any of the steroidogenic enzymes tested, nor resulted in ERK phosphorylation. Angiotensin II, but not renin or prorenin, induced aldosterone production. Conclusion: Although the (P)RR is present in adrenocortical cells, renin and prorenin do not elicit ERK phosphorylation nor directly affect steroid production via this receptor at nanomolar concentrations. Thus, direct (pro)renin–(P)RR interaction is unlikely to contribute to the elevated aldosterone levels in human (P)RR transgenic rats. This conclusion also implies that the aldosterone rise that often occurs during prolonged renin–angiotensin system blockade is rather due to the angiotensin II ‘escape’ during such blockade.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE SECRETION OF ALDOSTERONE BY THE RAT ADRENAL GLAND

1959 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERTHA SINGER
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Aldosterone Production

SUMMARY 1. In rats fed normal diets, the intravenous, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration of potassium chloride, either immediately or at graded intervals before the collection of adrenal vein blood, did not increase the secretion of aldosterone. In animals fed low salt diets, excess of dietary potassium did not result in an increase in the secretion of aldosterone. 2. Chloride deficiency in the diet, for a period of 2 weeks, did not affect the rate of aldosterone production. 3. The intravenous administration of hypertonic saline just prior to collection of adrenal vein blood did not affect the rate of aldosterone secretion, but substitution of saline for drinking water for a period of 1 week reduced it. 4. Production of metabolic acidosis resulted in increased secretion of aldosterone. Production of metabolic alkalosis did not affect it. It is concluded from these results that altering the intracellular electrolyte composition of skeletal muscle will not affect the secretion of aldosterone. 5. Removal of peripheral blood either 2 hr, or 26 + 2 hr, before collection of adrenal vein blood in animals fed normal or low salt diets did not influence the secretion of aldosterone. Neither did maintaining the blood volume, with freshly drawn rat blood, during the collection of adrenal vein blood. 6. It was not possible to prevent the release of ACTH associated with the collection of adrenal vein blood by the use of morphine.

scholarly journals Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Stimulate Aldosterone Production in a Subset of Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma

Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (20) ◽  
pp. e3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Kishimoto ◽  
Kenji Oki ◽  
Masayasu Yoneda ◽  
Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez ◽  
Haruya Ohno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Aldosterone Producing Adenoma
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