scholarly journals Pathology of Intestinal Transplantation: Rejection and a Case of Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuaki Tsuruyama

Small bowel transplants are less common than other organ transplants. Histological criteria for rejection of the transplanted small intestine were proposed at the 8th International Symposium on Small Intestinal Transplantation 2003-2004 [1, 2]. The Banff Conference on Transplant Disease Pathology, an international conference on the rejection of small bowel transplants, was held in 2019, and unifying diagnostic criteria were discussed (https://banfffoundation.org/pittsburgh-2019/). These histological criteria are expected to be standardized in the near future. This review outlines new findings such as apoptosis and apoptotic-body phagocytic findings in the lamina propria and behavior of natural killer T (NKT) cells, in addition to previously known crypt Fas-related apoptosis in acute cellular rejection. Furthermore, we review the case of a recipient who has shown no rejection for 5 years after transplantation. In the transplanted small intestine of this patient, the lymphocytes were replaced by those of another male patient.


2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Reis Waisberg ◽  
André Dong Wong Lee ◽  
Rafael Miyashiro Nunes dos Santos ◽  
Eduardo Kenji Mory ◽  
Anderson Lino Costa ◽  
...  

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical evolution of orthotopic small bowel transplantation in outbred rats. METHODS: Seventy-two outbred Wistar rats weighting from 250 to 300g were used as donor and recipient in 36 consecutives ortothopic small intestine transplantation without immunosuppression. The graft was transplanted into the recipient using end-to-side aortic and portacaval microvascular anastomosis. Procedure duration, animal clinical course and survival were evaluated. Survival shorter than four days was considered technical failure. Recipients were sacrificed with signs of severe graft rejection or survival longer than 120 days. Necropsies were performed in all recipients to access histopathological changes in the graft. RESULTS: Median time for the procedure was 107 minutes. Six recipients (16.7%) presented technical failure. Twenty-seven recipients were sacrificed due to rejection, being nineteen (52.7%) between 7th and 15th postoperative day and eight (22.2%) between 34th and 47th postoperative day. Graft histology confirmed severe acute cellular rejection in those recipients. Uneventful evolution and survival longer than 120 days without rejection were observed in three recipients (8.3%). CONCLUSION: Intestinal transplantation in outbred rats without immunosuppressant regiment accomplishes variable clinical evolution.



2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Sung ◽  
Alina C. Iuga ◽  
Tomoaki Kato ◽  
Mercedes Martinez ◽  
Helen E. Remotti ◽  
...  


1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. G1057-G1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Zhang ◽  
T. R. Koch ◽  
E. Mustin ◽  
S. Walgenbach-Telford ◽  
G. L. Telford

After small intestinal transplantation, intestinal isografts can organize migrating myoelectric complexes, and we have shown that migrating myoelectric complex frequency in the fasted state was reduced compared with controls after transplantation of the distal 50% of small intestine. We hypothesized that changes in motor activity after transplantation were related to alteration of cholinergic nerve activity or receptor density. With use of standard microsurgical techniques, the distal 50% of small intestine was orthotopically transplanted in a Lewis-to-Lewis donor-recipient combination. Resection controls were prepared by resecting the proximal 50% of small intestine, and sham controls were prepared by performing a sham laparotomy. Two months after surgery, small intestine was harvested. Choline acetyltransferase activity among the three groups was similar, suggesting that intrinsic cholinergic nerves remained intact. There was a strong trend toward decreased acetylcholinesterase activity [analysis of variance (ANOVA), P = 0.16] after transplantation, consistent with loss of extrinsic vagal nerve fibers. There were no differences in histochemical distribution of acetylcholinesterase among these groups. Muscarinic receptor density, as determined by binding to [N-methyl-3H]scopolamine, was decreased after transplantation (ANOVA, P = 0.02). There was a trend toward decreased receptor density in animals with resected small intestine. Surgical interruption of intrinsic nerve pathways rather than ischemia or extrinsic denervation might be the mechanism for diminished receptor density after transplantation, and reduced small bowel motor activity may be related to decreased density of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.



2017 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. S59
Author(s):  
Cara M. Dunne ◽  
Dunecan C.O. Massey ◽  
Jeremey M. Woodward ◽  
Stephen J. Middleton ◽  
Andrew J. Butler ◽  
...  


Author(s):  
А.А. Коваленко ◽  
Г.П. Титова ◽  
В.К. Хугаева

Оперативное лечение различных заболеваний кишечника сопровождается осложнениями в виде нарушений микроциркуляции в области анастомоза кишки. Ранее нами показана способность лимфостимуляторов пептидной природы восстанавливать нарушенную микроциркуляцию, что послужило основой для настоящего исследования. Цель работы - оценка влияния стимуляции лимфотока в стенке кишки на процессы восстановления микроциркуляции, структуры и функции тонкой кишки в области оперативного вмешательства. Методика. В экспериментах на наркотизированных крысах (хлоралгидрат в дозе 0,6 г/кг в 0,9% растворе NaCl) моделировали различные поражения тонкой кишки (наложение лигатуры, перевязка 1-3 брыжеечных артерий, перекрут петли кишки вокруг оси брыжейки, сочетание нескольких видов повреждений). Резекция поврежденного участка через 1 сут. с последующим созданием тонкокишечного анастомоза завершалась орошением операционного поля раствором пептида-стимулятора лимфотока (40 мкг/кг массы животного в 1 мл 0,9% раствора NaCl). На 7-е сут. после операции проводили гистологическое исследование фрагмента кишки в области анастомоза. Результаты. На 7-е сут. после резекции у выживших животных (летальность вследствие кишечной непроходимости составляла 30%) имеют место морфологические признаки острых сосудистых нарушений стенки кишки, изменений кровеносных и лимфатических микрососудов, интерстициальный отек всех слоев стенки кишки, дилатация просвета кишки, повреждение всасывающего эпителия ворсин с истончением щеточной каемки клеток, морфологические признаки гиперфункции бокаловидных клеток. Использование лимфостимулятора пептидной природы после операции увеличивало выживаемость животных на 24%. У части животных отмечалось уменьшение расширения просвета кишки, у других практически полная его нормализация. Восстанавливалась форма кишечных ворсин и распределение бокаловидных клеток. Отсутствовали признаки внутриклеточного и межмышечного отека. Отмечено умеренное полнокровие венул. Заключение. Использование лимфостимулятора при хирургическом лечении кишечной непроходимости увеличивает выживаемость животных на 24% по сравнению с контролем, способствует более раннему восстановлению структуры и функции тонкой кишки. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности использования стимуляции лимфотока при операциях на кишечнике. Surgical treatment of bowel diseases is associated with complications that cause microcirculatory disturbances in the anastomosis area and may lead to a fatal outcome. This study was based on our previous finding that peptide-type lymphatic stimulators are able to restore impaired microcirculation. The aim of this work was stimulating the lymph flow in the intestinal wall to facilitate recovery of microcirculation, structure and function of the small intestine in the area of surgical intervention. Methods. In experiments on anesthetized rats (0.6 g/kg chloral hydrate in 0.9% NaCl), various small bowel lesions were modeled (bowel ligation, ligation of 1-3 mesenteric arteries, gut torsion, combination of several lesion types). In 24 h, the damaged area was resected, and a small intestine anastomosis was creased. The surgery was completed with irrigation of the operative field with a solution of lymph flow stimulating peptide (40 мg/kg body weight in 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl). A gut fragment from the anastomosis area was examined histologically on day 7 after the surgery. Results. On the 7th day after removing the intestinal obstruction, the surviving animals (lethality 30%) had morphological signs of acute vascular disorders in the intestinal wall; changes in blood and lymphatic microvessels; interstitial edema of all intestinal wall layers; dilatation of the intestinal lumen; damage to the absorptive epithelium of villi with thinning of the brush border, and hyperfunction of mucous (goblet) cells. The use of the peptide after surgery increased the survival rate of animals by 24% and provided a smaller dilatation of the intestinal lumen in some animals. In other animals, the lumen recovered. The shape of intestinal villi and distribution of goblet cells were restored. Signs of intracellular and intermuscular edema were absent. Moderate venular congestion was noticed. Conclusion. Using the lymphatic stimulator in surgical treatment of intestinal obstruction increases the survival rate of animals by 24% compared to the control, facilitates earlier restoration of the small intestine structure and function. The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of lymphatic stimulation in intestinal surgery.



2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Wang ◽  
Taku Maejima ◽  
Susumu Fukahori ◽  
Shoji Nishihara ◽  
Daitaro Yoshikawa ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal patch (TAPP) is now commonly used in the repair of inguinal hernia. Barbed suture can be a fast and effective method of peritoneal closure. We report two rare cases of small bowel obstruction and perforation caused by barbed suture after TAPP. Cases Patient 1 is a 45-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic repair of a right inguinal hernia. Barbed suture was used to close the peritoneal defect. At 47 days after the operation, he was diagnosed with a small bowel obstruction caused by an elongated tail of the barbed suture. Emergency laparoscopic exploration was performed for removal of the embedded suture and detorsion of the volvulus. The second patient is a 50-year-old man who was admitted with a small bowel perforation one week after TAPP herniorrhaphy. Emergency exploration revealed that the tail of the barbed suture had pierced the small intestine, causing a tiny perforation. After cutting and releasing the redundant tail of the barbed suture, the serosal and muscular defect was closed with 2 absorbable single-knot sutures. Both patients have recovered well. Finally, we searched the PubMed database and reviewed the literature on the effectiveness and safety of barbed suture for TAPP. Conclusions Surgeons should understand the characteristics of barbed suture and master the technique of peritoneum closure during TAPP in order to reduce the risk of bowel obstruction and perforation.



2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-461
Author(s):  
Azusa Kawasaki ◽  
Kunihiro Tsuji ◽  
Hisashi Doyama

A 73-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Computed tomography detected distension of the small intestine. A palmar erythema, multiple oral ulcers, and desquamation of the fingers appeared after hospitalization. Small-bowel endoscopic images showed multiple ulcers. We attributed this case to infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis based on the changes in Y. pseudotuberculosis antibody titers throughout the course of the illness. This report is valuable, as it illustrates the endoscopic characteristics of a Y. pseudotuberculosis infection with skin lesion and ileus, which may enable us to deepen the pathologic understanding of this disease.



2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Pascher ◽  
Cornelia Radke ◽  
Axel Dignass ◽  
Ralf J. Schulz ◽  
Winfried Veltzke-Schlieker ◽  
...  


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dechun Li ◽  
Hongtao Du ◽  
Guoqing Shao ◽  
Yongtuan Guo ◽  
Wan Lu ◽  
...  


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