scholarly journals Role of Graphene and Graphene Derived Materials to Fight with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamsi Krishna Kudapa ◽  
Ajay Mittal ◽  
Ishita Agrawal ◽  
Tejendra K. Gupta ◽  
Rajeev Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Viral Inhibition ◽  
Graphene Surface ◽  
Novel Materials

The COVID-19 pandemic is a genuine biosafety occasion that is causing an extreme effect on the worldwide society and economy. Various challenges associated with the outbreak of this pandemic include diagnosis, prevention, and proper medication. Engineered nanomaterials such as graphene and graphene derived materials could be the potential solution in preventing COVID-19. This study endeavors how the improvement of novel materials can assist researchers with handling the difficulties in biosafety. In recent years, 2D graphene had caught much consideration due to its efficient electrical properties and encouraging presentations, comprising methods to combat or identify drug-resistant bacterial contaminations. The bacteria lose its integrity when exposed to the graphene surface because of its efficient viral inhibition tendency.

Role of routine nephrectomy for non-functioning kidneys due to genitourinary tuberculosis: Data from an Indian subcontinent

2021 ◽  
pp. 205141582098766
Author(s):  
Pradeep Prakash ◽  
Prabhjot Singh ◽  
Amlesh Seth ◽  
Rishi Nayyar ◽  
Brusabhanu Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Anti Tubercular Therapy ◽  
Open Nephrectomy

Objective: To evaluate the role of routine nephrectomy for tuberculous non-functioning kidney (TNFK) after receiving anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) by demonstrating whether live tubercle bacilli persist in nephrectomy specimens after treatment or not. Materials and methods: Patients with TNFK who underwent nephrectomy after completion of at least 6 months of ATT were included in this prospective cohort study. We sent tissue/pus from a nephrectomy specimen for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture to look for live bacilli. Bacilli were considered alive only if AFB culture was positive. Results: Twenty-four patients underwent nephrectomy for TNFK between April 2015 and October 2017 (18 laparoscopic and 6 open nephrectomy). Laparoscopic nephrectomy was associated with lower blood loss (225 ml versus 408 ml, p = 0.0003) and shorter hospital stay (3 versus 3.8 days, p = 0.06) compared with open nephrectomy; however, mean operative time and overall complications were similar. Eight specimens were AFB smear and/or tuberculosis PCR positive, out of which three showed viable bacilli upon culture. Drug sensitivity testing showed multi-drug resistant strain in all three patients who were treated with second-line ATT. Conclusion: It is preferable to do routine nephrectomy for TNFKs as they are more likely to harbour live bacilli and lead to disease recurrence. Viability testing for AFB must be performed on all operated specimens to identify drug resistant bacilli so that patients may be treated with second-line therapy if required. Level of evidence: 4.

Electrical properties of planar AlGaN/GaN Schottky diodes: Role of 2DEG and analysis of non-idealities

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (13) ◽  
pp. 135701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Persano ◽  
Iolanda Pio ◽  
Vittorianna Tasco ◽  
Massimo Cuscunà ◽  
Adriana Passaseo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Schottky Diodes

Role of Bi chemical pressure on electrical properties of BiFeO3–BaTiO3–based ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 106562
Author(s):  
Tauseef Ahmed ◽  
Salman Ali Khan ◽  
JiHee Bae ◽  
Muhammad Habib ◽  
Fazli Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Chemical Pressure

scholarly journals Impact of Temozolomide on Immune Response during Malignant Glioma Chemotherapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhak Sengupta ◽  
Jaclyn Marrinan ◽  
Caroline Frishman ◽  
Prakash Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Methylguanine Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Drug Resistant Mutation ◽  
Resistant Mutation

Malignant glioma, or glioblastoma, is the most common and lethal form of brain tumor with a median survival time of 15 months. The established therapeutic regimen includes a tripartite therapy of surgical resection followed by radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, concurrently with radiation and then as an adjuvant. TMZ, a DNA alkylating agent, is the most successful antiglioma drug and has added several months to the life expectancy of malignant glioma patients. However, TMZ is also responsible for inducing lymphopenia and myelosuppression in malignant glioma patients undergoing chemotherapy. Although TMZ-induced lymphopenia has been attributed to facilitate antitumor vaccination studies by inducing passive immune response, in general lymphopenic conditions have been associated with poor immune surveillance leading to opportunistic infections in glioma patients, as well as disrupting active antiglioma immune response by depleting both T and NK cells. Deletion of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) activity, a DNA repair enzyme, by temozolomide has been determined to be the cause of lymphopenia. Drug-resistant mutation of the MGMT protein has been shown to render chemoprotection against TMZ. The immune modulating role of TMZ during glioma chemotherapy and possible mechanisms to establish a strong TMZ-resistant immune response have been discussed.

The critical role of light in moderating microbial stress due to mixtures of engineered nanomaterials

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Wilke ◽  
Jean-François Gaillard ◽  
Kimberly A. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Simulated Solar Irradiation ◽  
Role Of Light

Light influences chemical interactions of engineered nanomaterials and their toxic effects. Under simulated solar irradiation, we observed that binary mixtures of n-Ag, n-Au, or n-Pt with n-TiO2cause synergistic toxic effects inE. colidue to photochemical interactions governed by metal nanoparticle stability and localized surface plasmon resonance.

Electrical Properties of Hybrid Nanomembrane/Nanoparticle Heterojunctions: The Role of Inhomogeneous Arrays

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 6891-6899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bendova ◽  
Carlos C. Bof Bufon ◽  
Vladimir M. Fomin ◽  
Sandeep Gorantla ◽  
Mark H. Rümmeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties
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