scholarly journals Computer-Aided Pharmacoepidemiology in Drug Use and Safety: Examining the Intersection between Data Science and Medicines Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Chikowe ◽  
Elias Peter Mwakilama
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Research Narrative ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Improving Health Care

Pharmacoepidemiology is a relatively new area of study that focuses on research aimed at producing data about drugs’ usage and safety in well-defined populations. Its significant impact on patient safety has translated into improving health care systems worldwide, where it has been widely adopted. This field has developed to an extent that policy and guidelines makers have started using its evidence alongside that produced from randomised controlled clinical trials. Although this significant improvement has been partly attributed to the adoption of statistics and computer-aided models into the way pharmacoepidemiology studies are designed and conducted, certain gaps still exist. This chapter reports some of the significant developments made, along with the gaps observed so far, in the adoption of statistics and computing into pharmacoepidemiology research. The goal is to highlight efforts that have led to the new pharmacoepidemiology developments, while examining the intersection between data science and pharmacology through research narrative reviews of computer-aided pharmacology. The chapter shows the significant number of initiatives that have been applied/adopted to improve pharmacoepidemiology research. Nonetheless, further developments in integrating pharmacoepidemiology with computers and statistics are needed in order to enhance the research agenda.

scholarly journals Statistical lessons learned for designing cluster randomized pragmatic clinical trials from the NIH Health Care Systems Collaboratory Biostatistics and Design Core

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J Cook ◽  
Elizabeth Delong ◽  
David M Murray ◽  
William M Vollmer ◽  
Patrick J Heagerty
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Pragmatic Clinical Trials ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Cluster Randomized

scholarly journals Electronic health records based phenotyping in next-generation clinical trials: a perspective from the NIH Health Care Systems Collaboratory: Table 1

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (e2) ◽  
pp. e226-e231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L Richesson ◽  
W Ed Hammond ◽  
Meredith Nahm ◽  
Douglas Wixted ◽  
Gregory E Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Electronic Health

scholarly journals Improving health care systems by building ‘more Europe’

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 787-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Antoñanzas ◽  
C. A. Juárez-Castelló ◽  
R. Rodríguez-Ibeas
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Improving Health Care

scholarly journals Dementia and COVID-19 in Chile, New Zealand and Germany: A Research Agenda for Cross-Country Learning for Resilience in Health Care Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10247
Author(s):  
Franziska Laporte Uribe ◽  
Oscar Arteaga ◽  
Walter Bruchhausen ◽  
Gary Cheung ◽  
Sarah Cullum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Health Care Research ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Cross Country

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed existing gaps in policies, systems and services, stressing the need for concerted global action on healthy aging. Similar to the COVID-19 pandemic, dementia is a challenge for health systems on a global scale. Our hypothesis is that translational potential lies in cross-country learning by involving three high-income countries with distinct geo-political-cultural-social systems in Latin America (Chile), the South Pacific (New Zealand) and Europe (Germany). Our vision is that such cross-country learning will lead to providing adequate, equitable and sustainable care and support for families living with dementia during a pandemic and beyond. We are proposing a vision for research that takes a multi-disciplinary, strength-based approach at the intersection of health care research, disaster research, global health research and dementia research. We present some insights in support of our hypothesis and proposed research agenda. We anticipate that this research has the potential to contribute towards strengthening and transforming health care systems in times of crises and beyond.

scholarly journals SURROGATE ENDPOINT: ALTERNATIVE FOR EARLY ASSESSMENT OF A POTENTIAL TREATMENT EFFECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 819-821
Author(s):  
Rada Santosh Kumar ◽  
Ganesh Sai Myneni
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Surrogate Endpoint ◽  
Surrogate Endpoints ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Care Systems

The efficacy of health technologies, medicines and medical devices should be demonstrated in trails that evaluate final patient-relevant outcomes such as survival or morbidity. We provide a summary of the present use of surrogate end points in health care policy, discussing the case for and against their reviewing and adoption validation methods. Although the use of surrogates can be problematic, they can be validated and selected properly, offers important chances for more efficient clinical trials and faster access to new health technologies that benefit health care systems and patients. In early drug development studies, tumor response is often the true primary endpoint. Usually clinical trials are needed to show that it can be dependent upon to predict, or correlate with, clinical benefit in a context of use. Surrogate endpoints that have undergone this ample testing are called validated surrogate endpoints and these are accepted by the Food and Drug Administration as evidence of benefit. Choosing the right surrogate endpoint and proving that it can predict the intended clinical benefit, however, is not always straightforward. When a disease has been sufficiently studied, surrogate endpoints can measure the underlying cause of a disease (such as low thyroxine levels and hypothyroidism) or an effect that predicts the ultimate outcome (such as measuring diuresis, which is expected to improve symptoms of heart failure). 

Thinking about the Relationship Between Health Dynamics in the Free Community and the Prison

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Marquart ◽  
Dorothy E. Merianos ◽  
Steven J. Cuvelier ◽  
Leo Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Prisoner Health ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Health Dynamics ◽  
The Relationship

Prison organizations are not isolated institutions, thus social and economic change in the wider society affects their internal dynamics. The authors explore how health conditions within lower socioeconomic segments of the population influence the health characteristics of prisoner admissions, and demonstrate how health conditions within the wider society have major implications for prisoner health care systems. The effects of recent conservative crime control ideologies on institutional health care programs are also examined. The article concludes with the development of a research agenda on prisoner health care issues.

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