scholarly journals Preclinical Models of Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Cai ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Maierdan Maimaiti ◽  
Liang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Spinal Deformities ◽  
Preclinical Models ◽  
Bacteria Culture

Brucellar spondylodiscitis, the most prevalent and significant osteoarticular presentation of human Brucellosis, is difficult to diagnose and usually yields irreversible neurologic deficits and spinal deformities. Relevant aspects of Brucella pathogenesis have been intensively investigated in preclinical models. Mice, rats, rabbits, and sheep are representing available models to induce Brucellosis. Evaluation of Brucellar spondylodiscitis may be performed using a large variety of methods, including plain radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, histological analysis, blood test, and bacteria culture. This chapter focuses on these preclinical models of Brucellar spondylodiscitis. The requirements for preclinical models of Brucellar spondylodiscitis, pearls and pitfalls of the preclinical model establishment, and comprehensive analyses of Brucellar spondylodiscitis in animals are also depicted.

Investigation of the stroke patient

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Markus ◽  
Anthony Pereira ◽  
Geoffrey Cloud
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Test Laboratory ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

In the investigation of the stroke patient chapter, investigations to confirm or refute the diagnosis of stroke are discussed including brain imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and blood test laboratory investigations. The importance of vascular and cardiac investigations is discussed, especially with regard to diagnosing the aetiological cause of stroke. Investigations performed to anticipate potential complications from stroke are also reviewed.

Visibility of Different Intraorbital Foreign Bodies Using Plain Radiography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: An in Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Javadrashid ◽  
Masoud Golamian ◽  
Maryam Shahrzad ◽  
Parisa Hajalioghli ◽  
Zahra Shahmorady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Purpose The study sought to compare the usefulness of 4 imaging modalities in visualizing various intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs) in different sizes. Methods Six different materials including metal, wood, plastic, stone, glass. and graphite were cut in cylindrical shapes in 4 sizes (dimensions: 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mm) and placed intraorbitally in the extraocular space of fresh sheep's head. Four skilled radiologists rated the visibility of the objects individually using plain radiography, spiral computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in accordance with a previously described grading system. Results Excluding wood, all embedded foreign bodies were best visualized in CT and CBCT images with almost equal accuracies. Wood could only be detected using MRI, and then only when fragments were more than 2 mm in size. There were 3 false-positive MRI reports, suggesting air bubbles as wood IOFBs. Conclusions Because of lower cost and using less radiation in comparison with conventional CT, CBCT can be used as the initial imaging technique in cases with suspected IOFBs. Optimal imaging technique for wood IOFBs is yet to be defined.

What Is a Concussion?

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
David L. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

A concussion is a traumatic brain injury, but not an immediately life-threatening one. A traumatic brain injury means that a sudden force has been applied to the brain from outside. But not every force causes a concussion. In fact, most do not. The scalp, skull, and dura do a pretty good job protecting our brains from most of what happens to us on a daily basis. A traumatic brain injury means that the force applied to the brain caused a disruption in the brain’s structure, an impairment of the brain’s function, or both. Just because a computed tomography (CT) scan, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, or a blood test is negative does not mean that there has not been a concussion. Traumatic brain injury, especially concussion, is a clinical diagnosis, not based on any laboratory test or scan. Typically, patients with concussion have Glasgow Coma Scores between 13 and 15.

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