scholarly journals Temporal (t > 0) Space and Gravitational Waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis T.S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Gravitational Energy ◽  
Induced Gravity ◽  
Temporal Space ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Gravitation Force ◽  
Over Time

I will begin with the nature of our temporal (t > 0) universe, since without temporal space there would be no gravitation force because gravitational field cannot be created within an empty space. When we are dealing with physical realizability of science, Einstein’s relativity theories cannot be ignored since relativistic mechanics is dealing with very large objects. Nevertheless I will show that huge gravitational waves can be created by a gigantic mass annihilation only within a temporal (t > 0) space. Since gravitational energy has never been consider as a significant component within big bang creation, I will show it is a key component to ignite the big bang explosion, contrary to commonly believed that big bang explosion was ignited by time. I will show a huge gravitation energy reservoir induced by a gigantic mass had had been created over time well before the big bang started. Since the assumed singularity mass within a temporal (t > 0) had had gotten heavier and heavier similar to a gigantic black hole that continuingly swallows up huge chunk of substances within the space. From which we see that it is the gravitational force that triggers the thermo-nuclei big bang creation, instead ignited by time as postulated. Aside the thermo-nuclei creation, it had a gigantic gravitational wave release as mass annihilates rapidly by big bang explosion. From which we see that it is the induced gravitational reservoir changes with time, but not the induced gravity changes (i.e., curves) time–space. In other words if there has no temporal (t > 0) space then there will be no gravitational waves.

Gravitational waves: A probe to the physics in the early universe

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 1545005
Author(s):  
Qing-Guo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Planck Data ◽  
Inflationary Scenario ◽  
Fundamental Scale ◽  
The Big Bang

Gravitational waves can escape from the big bang and can be taken as a probe to the physics, in particular the inflation, in the early universe. Planck scale is a fundamental scale for quantum theory of gravity. Requiring the excursion distance of inflaton in the field space during inflation yields an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio. For example, [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. In the typical inflationary scenario, we predict [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which are consistent with Planck data released in 2015 quite well. Subtracting the contribution of thermal dust measured by Planck, BICEP2 data implies [Formula: see text] which is the tightest bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio from current experiments.

scholarly journals The holographic spacetime model of cosmology

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 1846005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Banks ◽  
W. Fischler
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
Gaussian Fluctuations ◽  
Primordial Gravitational Waves ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
The Big Bang

This essay outlines the Holographic Spacetime (HST) theory of cosmology and its relation to conventional theories of inflation. The predictions of the theory are compatible with observations, and one must hope for data on primordial gravitational waves or non-Gaussian fluctuations to distinguish it from conventional models. The model predicts an early era of structure formation, prior to the Big Bang. Understanding the fate of those structures requires complicated simulations that have not yet been done. The result of those calculations might falsify the model, or might provide a very economical framework for explaining dark matter and the generation of the baryon asymmetry.

Gravitational waves from the big bang

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (16) ◽  
pp. 528-532
Author(s):  
A. Qadir ◽  
A. A. Mufti
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
The Big Bang

Origins of Gravitational Waves and Detectors

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-107
Author(s):  
John W. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Gravity Theory ◽  
Primordial Gravitational Waves ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Waves

Civita criticized Einstein’s papers on gravitational waves: their energy momentum is frame dependent and therefore does not fit the covariance of Einstein’s gravity theory. Infeld and Rosen did not believe gravitational waves existed, and Einstein changed his mind on their existence repeatedly. Others did believe in them, such as Fock and Feynman. Weber constructed his “Weber bar” to detect gravitational waves, but when he claimed success, he was criticized. He then proposed using a Michelson-Morley type of interferometer with lasers to detect gravitational waves, as did Weiss. Merging black holes and neutron stars were proposed as detectable sources of gravitational waves. Taylor and Hulse, using the large Arecibo radio telescope, indirectly detected gravitational waves from inspiraling neutron stars. Primordial gravitational waves, still emanating from the Big Bang, were claimed to have been detected by BICEP2, but the waves were eventually shown to be a result of foreground dust.

scholarly journals The Spectrum of Gravitational Waves, Their Overproduction in Quintessential Inflation and Its Influence in the Reheating Temperature

Universe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Jaume Haro Cases ◽  
Llibert Aresté Saló
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Kinetic Regime ◽  
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis ◽  
Inflaton Field ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

One of the most important issues in an inflationary theory as standard or quintessential inflation is the mechanism to reheat the universe after the end of the inflationary period in order to match with the Hot Big Bang universe. In quintessential inflation two mechanisms are frequently used, namely the reheating via gravitational particle production which is, as we will see, very efficient when the phase transition from the end of inflation to a kinetic regime (all the energy of the inflaton field is kinetic) is very abrupt, and the so-called instant preheating which is used for a very smooth phase transition because in that case the gravitational particle production is very inefficient. In the present work, a detailed study of these mechanisms is done, obtaining bounds for the reheating temperature and the range of the parameters involved in each reheating mechanism in order that the Gravitational Waves (GWs) produced at the beginning of kination do not disturb the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) success.

scholarly journals Discrete modes in gravitational waves from the big-bang

2015 ◽  
Vol 357 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Santiago Ridao ◽  
Mauricio Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
The Big Bang
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