Phantom Braneworld and the Hubble Tension

Braneworld models with induced gravity exhibit phantom-like behavior of the effective equation of state of dark energy. They can, therefore, naturally accommodate higher values of H 0, preferred by recent local measurements while satisfying the cosmic microwave background constraints. We test the background evolution in such phantom braneworld scenarios with the current observational data sets. We find that the phantom braneworld prefers a higher value of H 0 even without the R19 prior, thereby providing a much better fit to the local measurements. Although this braneworld model cannot fully satisfy all combinations of cosmological observables, among existing dark energy candidates the phantom brane provides one of the most compelling explanations of cosmic evolution.

An Idealized 3D Model of Interfacial Instability of Aeolian Bedform

An idealized morphodynamic model is constructed for formation of the aeolian sand ripples from small bottom perturbations of a two-dimensional sand bed. The main goal of the analysis is to evaluate the influence of the gravity flow (including “impact-induced gravity flow” in the reptation flux and “topography-induced gravity flow” in the creep flux) on the formation of the aeolian sand ripples and to clarify the relative contribution of various factors to the bed instability. A 3D linear stability analysis reveals that gravity flow appreciably affects the dynamics behaviors of aeolian sand ripples, which decreases the growth rate of sand ripples, tends to stabilize the sand bed, and leads to longer wavelength. We found that the competition between the destabilizing effect of reptation flow and the stabilizing effects of gravity flow leads to pattern selection. The along-crest diffusion of topography driven by impact and gravity is beneficial to the transverse stability of sand ripples, producing sand ripples with straighter and more continuous crests. For moderate values of D, the most unstable mode has zero value of the transverse wavenumber (ky = 0), thus corresponding to aeolian ripples with crests perpendicular to the wind. Moreover, when the impact angle is 9–16°, it has little effect on the characteristics of sand ripples for the initial stage of ripple development. For every increase of the impact angle by 1°, the initial wavelength only increases by about 1.5%. In conclusion, the influence of the gravity flow on the dynamics of sand ripples formation stage cannot be neglected.

Delineating a Volcanic Aquifer Using Groundwater-induced Gravity Changes in the Tatun Volcano Group, Taiwan

The Tatun Volcanic Group (TVG) is an active volcano that could cause volcanic hazards in northern Taiwan. The latest phreatic eruption of the TVG occurred some 6000 years ago. Understanding the state of groundwater around the TVG can be a crucial step towards effectively assessing the risk of phreatic explosion by providing information about the sources of groundwater and the media it flows. We measured gravity changes at a superconducting gravity station and several groundwater-sensitive sites to examine the way the groundwater altered the gravity values around the TVG. Groundwater-induced gravity changes are simulated by two hydrological models (A and B). Both models show coherent seasonal variations in groundwater level and gravity value in the center of the TVG (Chintiengang). This coherence indicates inter-connected porous media for free groundwater flows below Chintiengang. However, inconsistencies between the modeled and observed gravity changes occurred in the eastern part of the TVG, suggesting here highly heterogeneous formations with fractures and barriers may exist below Chihsinshan and Dayoukeng. The gravity consistencies and inconsistencies between the observations and the models are used to delineate a volcanic aquifer, which can provide additional information for assessing the probability of a potential phreatic eruption over the TVG.

Temporal (t > 0) Space and Gravitational Waves

I will begin with the nature of our temporal (t > 0) universe, since without temporal space there would be no gravitation force because gravitational field cannot be created within an empty space. When we are dealing with physical realizability of science, Einstein’s relativity theories cannot be ignored since relativistic mechanics is dealing with very large objects. Nevertheless I will show that huge gravitational waves can be created by a gigantic mass annihilation only within a temporal (t > 0) space. Since gravitational energy has never been consider as a significant component within big bang creation, I will show it is a key component to ignite the big bang explosion, contrary to commonly believed that big bang explosion was ignited by time. I will show a huge gravitation energy reservoir induced by a gigantic mass had had been created over time well before the big bang started. Since the assumed singularity mass within a temporal (t > 0) had had gotten heavier and heavier similar to a gigantic black hole that continuingly swallows up huge chunk of substances within the space. From which we see that it is the gravitational force that triggers the thermo-nuclei big bang creation, instead ignited by time as postulated. Aside the thermo-nuclei creation, it had a gigantic gravitational wave release as mass annihilates rapidly by big bang explosion. From which we see that it is the induced gravitational reservoir changes with time, but not the induced gravity changes (i.e., curves) time–space. In other words if there has no temporal (t > 0) space then there will be no gravitational waves.

The induced gravity approach

This short chapter includes a general review and analysis of the induced gravity approach. Induced gravity is regarded as one way of resolving the contradiction between renormalizability and the presence of higher-derivative terms in quantum gravity. Following the classical works by Zeldovich and Sakharov, the chapter considers gravity induced from the cut-off and shows that the purely induced version does not provide a satisfactory output. After that, using the results of chapter 12, models of gravity induced from phase transitions in scalar field theory are discussed. The general result is that induced gravity does not resolve the fundamental problem of quantum gravity, owing to the presence of ghosts and their corresponding instabilities. In the last section of this chapter, the cosmological constant problem is discussed as another, equally fundamental problem, which remains unsolved to this day.

Study of induced gravity and correlation theory analysis of nuclear Synthesis chemical elements

Modern aerodynamics is the dynamics of gas propulsion. It requires precise data, material resources, manpower, and time. It is urgent to find a more suitable power source. Based on the gravitational effects of dark energy and dark matter, the cyclic process of cosmic physics black holes to odd black holes and dark energy black holes, special fusion and fission phenomena are common in the universe, and theoretical studies such as Einstein's general theory of relativity are no exception. Through the study of the source of cosmic elements, the formation environment of stellar elements, the theory and method of modern physical artificial elements，as well as atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and nuclear reactors to precipitate elemental products，we have designed a device which can synthesize physically stable elements and discover new chemical elements. A device capable of synthesizing physically stable elements and discovering new chemical elements is designed.

Study of induced gravity and correlation theory analysis of nuclear Synthesis chemical elements

Modern aerodynamics is the dynamics of gas propulsion. It requires precise data, material resources, manpower, and time. It is urgent to find a more suitable power source. Based on the gravitational effects of dark energy and dark matter, the cyclic process of cosmic physics black holes to odd black holes and dark energy black holes, special fusion and fission phenomena are common in the universe, and theoretical studies such as Einstein's general theory of relativity are no exception. Through the study of the source of cosmic elements, the formation environment of stellar elements, the theory and method of modern physical artificial elements，as well as atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs, and nuclear reactors to precipitate elemental products ， we have designed a device which can synthesize physically stable elements and discover new chemical elements. A device capable of synthesizing physically stable elements and discovering new chemical elements is designed.

The stability analysis of brane-induced gravity with quintessence field on the brane with a Gaussian potential

In this paper, we consider a normal branch of the DGP cosmological model with a quintessence scalar field on the brane as the dark energy component. Using the dynamical system approach, we study the stability properties of the model. We find that [Formula: see text], as one of our new dimensionless variables which is defined in terms of the quintessence potential, has a crucial role in the history of the universe. We divide our discussion into two parts: a constant [Formula: see text] and a varying [Formula: see text]. In the case of a constant [Formula: see text] we calculate all the critical points of the model even those at infinity and then assume all of them as instantaneous critical points in the varying [Formula: see text] situation which is the main part of this paper. We find that the effect of the extra dimension in such a model is independent of the value of [Formula: see text]. Then, we consider a Gaussian potential for which [Formula: see text] is not constant but varies from zero to infinity. We discuss the evolution of the dynamical variables of the model and conclude that their asymptotic behaviors follow the trajectories of the moving critical points. Also, we find two different possible fates for the universe. In one of them, it could experience an accelerated expansion, but then enters a decelerating phase and finally reaches a stable matter-dominated solution. In the other scenario, the universe could approach the matter-dominated critical point without experiencing any accelerated expansion. We argue that the first scenario is more compatible with observations.