Finding $3.336 Trillion in Housing Capital

10.5790/hongkong/9789888390625.003.0024 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Chim Richard Wong

Keyword(s):

If the restriction on selling TPS and HOS units on the open market were removed or the unpaid land premiums substantially lowered, then an active market would appear. They would then become an important source of new housing capital. Such privatization of public rental units and deregulation of sale restrictions on ownership units would substantially enhance the market value of government housing.

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A Prospect Theory Explanation of the Disposition to Trade Losing Investments for Less Than Market Price

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3.851 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 851-857

Author(s):

D. J. Johnstone

Keyword(s):

Prospect Theory ◽

Market Price ◽

Market Value ◽

Mental Accounting ◽

New Venture ◽

Open Market ◽

Psychological Benefits ◽

Sale Price ◽

Monetary Loss ◽

Mental Integration

Investors have a proven general reluctance to realize losses. The theory of “mental accounting” suggests that losses are easier to accept when mentally integrated with either preceding losses or with compensatory gains. Mental integration is made easier when a failed asset is exchanged against a new, apparently profitable, acquisition. The alternative is to sell the existing asset on the open market before re-investing the proceeds as desired. This is emotionally less appealing than “rolling over” a losing investment into a new venture by way of an asset trade. The psychological benefits of exchanging rather than selling a failed asset come at a cost. It is typical of trade-in arrangements, e.g., where one trades an old car against a new one, that the effective sale price of the existing asset is less than current market value. Acceptance of this low price adds to the investor's total monetary loss on the existing asset but is essential to an overall package deal apart from which that asset would often remain belatedly unsold.

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Complexity as a Surrogate Mapping Between Function Models and Market Value

Volume 9: 23rd International Conference on Design Theory and Methodology; 16th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2011-47481 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

James L. Mathieson ◽

Aravind Shanthakumar ◽

Chiradeep Sen ◽

Ryan Arlitt ◽

Joshua D. Summers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Market Value ◽

Structure Design ◽

Neural Net ◽

Open Market ◽

Function Structure ◽

Market Values ◽

Complexity Metrics ◽

Time Required ◽

Function Models

The purpose of this paper is to investigate if early stage function models of design can be used to predict the market-value of a commercial product. In previous research, several metrics of complexity of graph-based product models have been proposed and suitably chosen combinations of these metrics have been shown to predict the time required in assembling commercial products. By extension, this research investigates if this approach, using new sets of combinations of complexity metrics, can predict market-value. To this end, the complexity values of function structures for eighteen products from the Design Repository are determined from their function structure graphs, while their market values are procured from different vendor quotes in the open market. The complexity and value information for fourteen samples are used to train a neural net program to define a predictive mapping scheme. This program is then used to predict the value of the final four products. The results of this approach demonstrate that complexity metrics can be used as inputs to neural networks to establish an accurate mapping from function structure design representations to market values to within the distribution of values for products of similar type.

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Open Market Value: Estate and Stamp Duties on Reversions and Life Interests

Journal of the Staple Inn Actuarial Society ◽

10.1017/s0020269x00007325 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 16 (04) ◽

pp. 275-286

Author(s):

H. Dicken ◽

J. R. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Market Value ◽

Open Market ◽

Principal Value ◽

Stamp Duty

An essential part of the work carried out by the actuarial profession is the valuation of reversionary interests or life interests for the purpose of calculating either estate duty or stamp duty. The number of actuaries who are engaged in this work regularly is very small, but most actuaries are probably asked to undertake such valuations at some time or other. The object of this paper is to discuss some of the principles upon which these valuations are based and to illustrate the application of these principles by means of examples drawn from the authors' own experiences.Under the Finance Act 1894, Estate Duty is payable on the principal value of a property. This is defined in Section 7 (5) of the same Act as follows:‘The principal value of any property shall be estimated to be the price which, in the opinion of the Commissioners, such property would fetch if sold in the open market at the time of the death of the deceased.’

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Real estate as an investment asset

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20196101011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. 01011

Author(s):

Tomáš Krulický ◽

Jakub Horák

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Return On Investment ◽

Market Value ◽

Return Time ◽

Open Market ◽

Expected Return ◽

Commercial Use ◽

Estate Property ◽

Acquisition Costs ◽

Present Text

The present text focuses on perceiving real estate property as an investment asset that generates a certain amount of revenue to its owner, assuming expected risk and the expected level of liquidity. The first step is to determine the open market value of the selected property, which represent the expected expenses of the investment costs incurred (taking into account other acquisition costs), then we determine the open market rent value, which is the expected return on the selected property, then identify possible business risk associated with the commercial use of real estate and finally, the liquidity of the entire investment is estimated. In conclusion, methods for evaluating investments are applied to assess the realization of the investment – acquisition of the selected real estate for commercial purposes, the estimated return time and the percentage of the return on investment is calculated of the paper.

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An Overview of Rural to Urban Migration in China and Social Challenges

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182//ml.v16i2.664 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 273-282

Author(s):

Ziwei Qi

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Urban Migration ◽

Open Market ◽

Labour Demand ◽

Social Challenges ◽

The Past ◽

Internal Migrations ◽

Rural To Urban Migration ◽

Employment Sectors

The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastically changed the cultural and social aspects of the rural area over the past three decades. Many social problems have been created due to rural to urban migration. These problems include institutional discrimination because of the restrictive household registration policies; social stigmatisation and discrimination in state-owned employment sectors and among urban residents; psychological distress and feelings of alienation.

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