Connection between Energy Efficiency and Real Property Market Value

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1801-1811
Author(s):  
Silvo Plesnik ◽  
Drago Vuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Real Property

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT SALES RATIO, SUATU ALAT PENGUKUR KINERJA PENETAPAN NPOP (Studi di Desa Ambarketawang, Sleman)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Asih Retno Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Property Market

Abstract: Performance measurement in determining the Tax Object Acquisition Value as the basis for the imposition of duties onAcquisition of Land and Building Rights is conducted by analysis tool using assessment sales ratio (ASR). ASR analysis aims todetermine the level of conformity of Tax Object Acquisition Value (NPOP) to land market value to determine whether Tax ObjectAcquisition Value is in proportion, experienced under assessment, or over- assessment. Moreover, this technique also aims tomeasure diversity (variability) to account the level of fairness of Tax Object Acquisition Value as the bases of Duty on Acquisitionof Land and Building Rights (BPHTB). The results shows that the determination of Tax Object Acquisition Value as the bases todetermine BPHTB in Ambarketawang is lower compared to its property market value (under-assessment occurred). The variabilityon the determination of Tax Object Sales Value NPOP as the bases to determine BPHTB in Ambarketawang village is high, impliesthat it does not indicate good uniformity.Keywords: Tax Object Acquisition Value, Property Market Value, Assessment Sales RatioIntisari: Pengukuran kinerja dalam penetapan Nilai Perolehan Objek Pajak (NPOP) sebagai dasar pengenaan Bea Perolehan Hakatas Tanah dan Bangunan (BPHTB) dilakukan dengan alat analisis assessment sales ratio(ASR). Analisis ASR bertujuan untukmengetahui tingkat kesesuaian NPOP terhadap nilai pasar tanah apakah dalam penetapan NPOP sudah proporsional, terjadi underassessment, atau over assessment. Selain itu, juga bertujuan untuk mengukur keberagaman (variabilitas) NPOP sehingga diketahuitingkat keadilan penetapan NPOP sebagai dasar pengenaan BPHTB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penetapan NPOP sebagaidasar pengenaan BPHTB di Desa Ambarketawang masih relatif rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai pasar tanahnya (terjadiunderassessment).Tingkat keberagaman dalam penetapan NJOP sebagai dasar penentuan BPHTB di Desa Ambarketawang sangattinggi atau tidak menunjukkan keseragaman yang baik.Kata kunci: NPOP, Nilai Pasar Tanah, Assessment Sales Ratio

from Petrograd-Leningrad Materials) (Советская жилищная политика в годы нэпа: квартирный вопрос и домовое самоуправление в Петрограде-Ленинграде

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kirillova ◽  
Елена А. Кириллова
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Housing Associations ◽  
Housing Cooperatives ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Housing Allocation ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Property Control

After coming to power in Russia, the Bolsheviks created radically new housing policies. Although Soviet authorities enforced the scope of numerous new housing statutes, the provisions of these laws were often contradictory, and there was not a well-conceived program of housing. With the elimination of private real property in Soviet cities, the sale of land in urban areas was technically eliminated. However, disguised (and illegal) sales of municipal housing continued to occur during the era of the New Economic Policy (nep). During this period, a large part of the nation’s living space was managed by housing cooperatives, which were created after the Bolshevik assumption of power. However, these housing associations (known in Russian as zhiltovarishchestvо and by the end of 1924 reclassified as Zhakt [rental housing cooperatives]) were trapped by traditional (i.e. non-officially regulated) practices of housing allocation, which dominated the real estate market. As the urban population of Soviet Russia and then (after 1922) the Soviet Union (ussr) grew, a shortage of living space forced Soviet authorities to switch to stricter methods of property control in urban areas. This article describes the housing allocation processes involved in the second-largest city in Soviet Russia/ussr, Petrograd, which from 1924 was known as Leningrad. This article also investigates the functioning of the privately-driven property market mechanisms in the allocation of housing and the Soviet government’s efforts to eliminate them.

Characteristics of the Real Property Market

2004 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Jack Harvey ◽  
Ernie Jowsey
Keyword(s):  
Property Market ◽  
Real Property ◽  
The Real

The Stylised Facts of the UK Commercial Building Cycles

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J McGough ◽  
S Tsolacos
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Building ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Business Fluctuations ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Retail Property ◽  
Market Variables ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

In the present study we undertake a statistical analysis of the cyclical properties of certain economic, financial, and real property-market variables and attempt to establish the stylised facts in relation to the office, industrial, and retail property cycle in the United Kingdom. We build upon the methodology which has been adopted in modern business-cycle research to confirm the cyclical regularities of aggregate variables and business fluctuations across countries and over time. The results of this study establish for certain variables the presence of relative cyclical movements over the phases of the property cycles which conform to theoretical intuition. They also identify cyclical irregularities across property sectors, which the existing property-cycle literature would need to address.

scholarly journals LEGAL AND THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF PROPERTY TAXES

2016 ◽  
Vol 2627 (34) ◽  
pp. 195-222
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Żywicka ◽  
Tomasz Wołowiec
Keyword(s):  
Property Tax ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Ad Valorem Tax ◽  
Property A ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
The Government ◽  
Special Assessment ◽  
Fair Market Value

A property tax (or millage tax) is a levy on property that the owner is required to pay. The tax is levied by the governing authority of the jurisdiction in which the property is located; it may be paid to a national government, a federated state, a county or geographical region, or a municipality. Multiple jurisdictions may tax the same property. This is in contrast to a rent and mortgage tax, which is based on a percentage of the rent or mortgage value. There are four broad types of property: land, improvements to land (immovable man-made objects, such as buildings), personal property (movable man-made objects), and intangible prop-erty. Real property (also called real estate or realty) means the combination of land and improvements. Under a property tax system, the government requires and/or performs an appraisal of the monetary value of each property, and tax is assessed in proportion to that value. Forms of property tax used vary among countries and jurisdictions. Real property is often taxed based on its classification. Classification is the grouping of properties based on similar use. Properties in different classes are taxed at different rates. Examples of different classes of property are residen-tial, commercial, industrial and vacant real property. A special assessment tax is sometimes confused with property tax. These are two distinct forms of taxation: one (ad valorem tax) relies upon the fair market value of the property being taxed for justification, and the other (special assessment) relies upon a special enhance-ment called a “benefit” for its justification

scholarly journals Implementation of Assessment Principles, Performance, and Client Satisfaction of Municipal Assessment Offices in Negros Occidental, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Tumbagahan ◽  
Merlita V. Caelian ◽  
Zeaphard Gerhart V. Caelian
Keyword(s):  
Client Satisfaction ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Class A ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survey Instruments ◽  
Property Assessment ◽  
Improved Performance

Accurate implementation of real property assessment principles strengthens real property taxation resulting in improved performance towards client satisfaction. This study assessed the implementation of assessment principles, the performance, and the satisfaction of clients of municipal assessment offices in Negros Occidental, Philippines.  It likewise determined the challenges encountered by offices.  A descriptive-comparative design was utilized using researcher-made survey instruments administered to assessors and randomly selected staff and clients. Using descriptive and inferential analyses, the findings revealed a very great extent of implementation with no significant differences across all areas when municipalities were grouped as to variables of income classification and land area. While the level of performance was outstanding as a whole, with no significant difference in all areas when grouped as to income class, a significant difference was revealed when assessment offices were grouped as to land area.  Clients were very satisfied with assessment services with no significant difference in physical setup when grouped into income classes. However, there were significant differences in frontline services, service quality, physical setup, and basic facilities. While when grouped as to land area, there was a significant difference across all areas. Several challenges were encountered by assessment offices, such as the agrarian reform program, administrative, policies, and political concerns. The study recommends a review of some policies specifically on the preparation and approval of the schedule of market value.

How does energy efficiency influence the Market Value of office buildings in Germany and does this effect increase over time?

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Surmann ◽  
Wolfgang Brunauer ◽  
Sven Bienert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Econometric Methodology ◽  
Over Time

Purpose – The paper aims to estimate the effect of energy efficiency on the Market Value of office buildings and consider whether this effect increases over time. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyze a dataset of office building valuations from 2009 to 2011, provided by the German Investment Property Database. The authors use hedonic regression models to determine the effect of energy efficiency and energy consumption on Market Values. Using generalized additive models (GAM) for modeling nonlinear covariate effects, the authors control for further building characteristics and location. Due to the small sample size, the authors introduce an innovative econometric approach that mitigates this problem. Findings – Mainly due to the small sample size, and in spite of the newly developed econometric methodology, the authors do not find clear evidence of the relationship between energy efficiency and the Market Value. However, the study nonetheless provides interesting insights into the composition of office building Market Values in Germany. Originality/value – In addition to the empirical results for the German office market, the main contribution of this paper lies in the econometric methodology. Beside the application of cutting-edge statistical techniques, the authors develop a method for handling datasets, for which the variable of interest is rarely observed, leveraging on the total available data. Thus, the methodology offers promising prospects for future research in similar settings.

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