1917–1918

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Barbara Barksdale Clowse
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
World War I ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Southern States ◽  
War Zones

Working in four other southern states (Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi), Bradley chafed under scheduling and logistical pressures. World War I brought new opportunities for her when Julia Lathrop, the head of the Children’s Bureau, persuaded President Wilson to declare a “Children’s Year.” Then doctors working for the American Red Cross in France recruited Bradley to join them treating refugees and evaluating civilians’ health in war zones.

Hall, Helen

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Olmsted
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Far East ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Reformer ◽  
Settlement House ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Consumer Advocate

Helen Hall (1892–1982) was a Henry Street Settlement house leader, social reformer, and consumer advocate. She served with the American Red Cross in France during and after World War I and in the Far East during World War II.

Scientific Medicine in the Time of Cholera: the Johns Hopkins Ethos and US Friendly Power in North China, 1919

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Kim Girouard ◽  
Susan Lamb
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
North China ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
International Nursing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Scientific Identity

Abstract Vashti Bartlett, a Johns Hopkins nurse and member of the American Red Cross Commission to Siberia, was part of a global expansion of United States (US) influence before and after World War I. Through close examination of Bartlett’s extensive personal archives and her experiences during a 1919 cholera epidemic in Harbin, North China, we show how an individual could embody a “friendly” or “capillary” form of imperialist US power. Significantly, we identify in Bartlett yet another form that US friendly power could take: scientific medicine. White, wealthy, female, and American, in the context of her international nursing activities Bartlett identified principally as a scientific practitioner trained at Johns Hopkins where she internalized a set of scientific ideals that we associate with a particular “Hopkins ethos.” Her overriding scientific identity rendered her a useful and conscientious agent of US friendship policies in China in 1919.

Nation Building and Rebuilding: The American Red Cross in Italy During the Great War

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia F. lrwin
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Great War

During World War I, hundreds of Americans traveled to Italy as volunteers for the American Red Cross (ARC). Through their relief activities for Italian civilians, these individuals served both diplomatic and social-reform agendas. They packaged medical and social aid with a clear message of American alliance, presenting the ARC as a vanguard of the U.S. military that was prepared to assist Italy's war effort in the absence of American troops. Emphasizing American methods, expertise, and alliance, ARC representatives also enacted reforms with the ambition to mold Italy into their vision of a modern western nation. This article argues that international humanitarian aid buttressed U.S. international involvement, both political and cultural, during the Wilsonian era. Further, by examining the connections between social politics and foreign relations in Italy, it demonstrates that the boundaries of the transatlantic progressive community extended beyond the North Atlantic.

Persuading the Home Front

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-82
Author(s):  
Marcy Leasum Orwig
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Home Front ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Women's Magazine

Government public relations are often viewed as propaganda. However, one’s own perspective has much to do with how the communications are perceived. One example of American propaganda is linked to World War I. While there has been research devoted to the patriotic posters and films of this era, other forms of media during this same time period have been largely overlooked. This article, therefore, presents research on the communications surrounding the “Knit Your Bit” campaign, which the American Red Cross conducted with help from the U.S. government-sponsored Committee on Public Information. The campaign persuaded knitters on the home front to knit for the troops using content in the major women’s magazine of the day: Ladies’ Home Journal. This article considers how the overlooked campaign contributed to efforts to generate patriotism during World War I and how social, political, and economic factors affected the communications.

Hemingway and Italy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Cirino ◽  
Mark P. Ott
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Italian Fascism ◽  
Crucible Experience

The introduction provides an overview on Hemingway’s association with Italy, both his biographical connection and through the resonance of his Italian work. The introduction continues to trace the narrative of the volume, providing the context of each essay and the loose narrative that emerges from our sequence. He first traveled to Italy in the crucible experience of 1918, as a volunteer with the Red Cross serving the Italian Army during World War I. Hemingway’s writing on Italy presented a constant and relentless criticism of Italian fascism. For this reason, he felt unwelcome in the country until after World War II and the election of 1948 that democratized Italy. Soon after, he returned to Italy, but as a wealthy celebrity

Kentucky Joins the Great War

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Bettez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
German Language ◽  
American Population ◽  
World War ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Great War

This chapter covers the commonwealth’s response to World War I and efforts to support the war after the United States entered it in April 1917. It describes support from newspaper editors Henry Watterson and Desha Breckinridge. It also discusses attitudes toward the state’s extensive German American population, including an effort to ban the teaching of the German language in schools and the repression of people deemed disloyal or insufficiently supportive of the war. Kentuckians also rallied to the war effort in a positive way, supporting Liberty Bond and Red Cross campaigns. They joined support organizations such as the Four Minute Men and the American Protective League.

Martha Dickinson Bianchi: War Poet

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321
Author(s):  
Marcy L. Tanter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
World War I ◽  
York City ◽  
Emily Dickinson ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
World War

The article recovers poet Martha Dickinson Bianchi, niece of Emily Dickinson, who served in the Amherst, Massachusetts, branch of the Red Cross and tended wounded soldiers in New York City at the end of World War I. Two previously unpublished poems reflect American despair in the aftermath of the war.

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