Development and Analysis of a Parallel Structure Mechanism with Slotted Arcuate Guides and a Constant Entry Point

The development and study of new mechanisms of a parallel structure ensuring the constancy of the point of instrument entry into the working area is an urgent task of surgery and scientific medicine. A structural synthesis of a parallel structure mechanism designed for robotic laparoscopic surgery has been performed. The proposed mechanism is equipped with arcuate guides with slots installed on the base perpendicular to each other. At the intersection of the slots, there is a bushing through which a straight shaft connected to the output link moves linearly. This arrangement provides a constant entry point, which allows the developed mechanism to be used in laparoscopic surgery and studies of plasma properties. For this mechanism, the inverse problem of positions has been solved, the working area has been determined, and a 3D model has been developed.

Pharmacology and similia principle: indirect secondary counter-regulation. Confirmation from in vitro experiments and classical provings

Homeopathy is universally known as an opponent of allopathic Medicine, namely scientific medicine based on ponderal drugs and recognised mechanisms of receptor agonism and antagonism following the dose-response curve. Over time the difficulty to explain with arguments the action of homeopathic ultra-diluted remedies has led many homeopaths to distance themselves from any pharmacological knowledges. Nevertheless this position fortgets not only the modalities in which homeopathy was born and has grown, but a lot of modern changes of view in body-mind communication, cell communication, neuro-immune-endocrinology and bioelectromagnetism, that could give new reasons to treat as clinical homeopathic practice is teaching and to recognize the principle of similars as a modern pharmacological principle. These arguments, receptorial cell communication, bioelectromagnetism and body-mind unity are the bases of Homeopathy and of the Similia Principle and are all included in embryonic but sufficiently clear considerations in the fundamental book of Hahnemann, the Organon (parr. 11, 13, 15-18, 21, 22, 29-32, 63-70). Two kind of evidences confirm the pharmacological bases of SimiliaPriniciple, in vitro experiments and homeopathic pathogenetic trials on healthy volunteers, best known as provings. Even clinical homeopathic phenomena like initial aggravation and return of old symptoms confirm this pharmacological view of the Simila Principle.

Bird Cherry (Prunus padus L.) in history and culture of Ukrainian and other ethnicities

Aim. Decorative and confectionery-pharmaceutical value of bird cherry (Prunus padus L.), the complex history of the phytonyms’ formation, the transcendent symbolism and poetics of its image, ideas about bird cherry in different ethnic groups, and the pragmatic need to modernize the traditions they have preserved led to the need for necessitated research. Methods. The authors conducted the retrospective analysis of the formation of the bird cherry’s folklore image; revealed the formation of its modern scientific terminology and botanical nomenclature, attempts to preserve the symbolism of the bird cherry’s folk names in different ethnic groups for future generations and the prospects for introducing P. padus representatives in horticulture. The commonly used methods of theoretical analysis, systematization, comparison, and generalization of specialized literature have been applied (Hurrell et al., 2019). Results. Polyphilia of the subgenus Prunus subg. Padus (Mill.) Peterm. (=Prunus subg. Padus (Moench) Focke), debatable rank and status of P. padus species and the incompleteness of its taxonomy are confirmed. The autochthonous nature of bird cherry in Ukraine is supported by the richness of its dialect folk names. However, the dialect names of bird cherry were not always really motivated. They symbolized the plant in colorful verbal and poetic images and connected it with the oldest sacred traditions. Folk names and symbols of bird cherry in Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian dialects, variants of its nomenclature and symbolism in the traditions of English-speaking ethnic groups, and the Spanish language's onomastic field had been discussed. Works on the bird cherry’s use in folk medicine and modern pharmacy, and prospects for attracting materials from Prunus spp. Collections of NDP “Sofiyivka” of NAS of Ukraine and experimental farm “Novokahovske” of the Rice Institute of NAS of Ukraine for gardening, horticulture, and breeding are characterized. Conclusions. The ambiguity of the bird cherry’s folklore image in the ideas of close Slavic ethnic groups, the connection of these ideas with the composition of the local dendrological flora, and the traditional value of P. padus and other representatives of the subgenus Padus for traditional and scientific medicine, the prospects of their introduction into horticulture, and the need to involve ethnobotanical lexemes in enlightenment are proved.

ON THE ISSUE OF NUTRITION IN THE CONDITIONS OF A PANDEMIC OF A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19

Вопросы питания занимают особое место в научной медицине и практическом здравоохранении, в условиях пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции нуждаются в дальнейшем всестороннем изучении и развитии. Статья посвящена исследованию и анализу роли и возможностей профилактического и лечебного питания при оказании медицинской помощи в разных медицинских организациях в условиях пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. Определены особенности оптимальной организации питания здоровых лиц и пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекции с течением разной тяжести при лечении в амбулаторных и стационарных условиях, включая пациентов, находящихся в критических состояниях. Обеспечение потребностей в макро- и микронутриентах, поддержание и нормализация пищевого и метаболического статуса пациента с COVID-19 во многом определят благоприятный исход для больного с новой коронавирусной инфекцией. Полученные данные следует учитывать при проведении профилактических и лечебных мероприятий отдельным категориям пациентов на всех этапах оказания медицинской помощи. Оптимизация организации профилактического и лечебного питания пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19 на всех этапах оказания медицинской помощи будет способствовать снижению первичной и общей заболеваемости, количеству осложнений, смертности; повышению качества оказания медицинской помощи Nutrition issues occupy a special place in scientific medicine and practical healthcare, in the context of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, they need further comprehensive study and development. The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the role and possibilities of preventive and curative nutrition in the provision of medical care in various medical organizations in the context of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The features of optimal nutrition organization of healthy individuals and patients with a new coronavirus infection with a course of varying severity during treatment in outpatient and inpatient settings, including patients in critical conditions, are determined. Ensuring the needs for macro- and micronutrients, maintaining and normalizing the nutritional and metabolic status of a patient with COVID-19 will largely determine a favorable outcome for a patient with a new coronavirus infection. The data obtained should be taken into account when carrying out preventive and curative measures for certain categories of patients at all stages of medical care. Optimization of the organization of preventive and curative nutrition of patients with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 at all stages of medical care will contribute to reducing primary and general morbidity, the number of complications, mortality; improving the quality of medical care

ABOUT REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19

Новая коронавирусная инфекция и ее отдаленные последствия занимают особое место в научной медицине и практическом здравоохранении. Появление COVID-19, распространение его среди населения земного шара, появление все новых штаммов поставило перед специалистами здравоохранения задачи, связанные с быстрой диагностикой инфекции, вызванной новым коронавирусом, оказанием специализированной медицинской помощи, включая диагностику, лечение, первичную и вторичную профилактику, медицинскую реабилитацию. Реабилитация пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, имеет важнейшее значение для восстановления трудоспособности и сохранения здоровья этой категории граждан. Эффективная организация и полноценная реализация реабилитационных мероприятий, достижение целей и задач медицинской и социальной реабилитации определяют социальные последствия пандемии как для конкретного индивида, так и для общества и государства в целом. Статья посвящена изучению и анализу возможностей применения рефлексотерапии в комплексе реабилитационных мероприятий пациентов с отдаленными последствиями новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID - 19. Дальнейшее совершенствование системы реабилитации, включая расширение и оптимизацию применения средств и методов реабилитационных мероприятий, будет способствовать повышению качества и эффективности оказания медицинской помощи, преодолению негативных последствий перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 The new coronavirus infection and its long-term consequences occupy a special place in scientific medicine and practical healthcare. The emergence of COVID-19, its spread among the world's population, and the emergence of new strains have set health professionals tasks related to the rapid diagnosis of infection caused by the new coronavirus, the provision of specialized medical assistance, including diagnosis, treatment, primary and secondary prevention, and medical rehabilitation. Rehabilitation of patients who have undergone COVID-19 is of crucial importance for the restoration of working capacity and the preservation of the health of this category of citizens. Effective organization and full implementation of rehabilitation measures, achievement of goals and objectives of medical and social rehabilitation determines the social consequences of the pandemic both for a particular individual and for society and the state as a whole. The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the possibilities of using refloxotherapy in a complex of rehabilitation measures for patients with long-term consequences of a new coronavirus infection COVID - 19. Further improvement of the rehabilitation system, including the expansion and optimization of the use of means and methods of rehabilitation measures, will contribute to improving the quality and effectiveness of medical care, overcoming the negative consequences of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19

Beyond Medical Pluralism

Medical pluralism does not only mean the presence of multiple therapies but also the variety of health discourses and norms. By analysing the rhetoric of active participants in the Estonian health field, we portray the diverse discourses in defining and positioning complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in relation to biomedicine (BM). On a scale of attitudes, five different positions of CAM and BM emerge. Both ends of the spectrum dominantly represent a system-level view characterized by distinct categories, opposition, and labelling. In between, integrative positions focus more on an individual’s personal needs by combining and “taking the best out of” all available knowledge systems. The presence of these competing discourses poses several challenges for health communication. Meanings offered by CAM-related health approaches are increasingly visible and influential as unlicensed health workers and laypeople contribute more to public communication due to the openness of social media. On the other hand, critics of CAM and proponents of scientific thinking have mobilized to set boundaries to defend the authoritative position of scientific medicine. Our analysis suggests that using system-level categories supports polarization, which could lead people to seek alternative explanations based on their individual experiences, and thus feeding distrust towards medicine and doctors.

Protocols and Set-Ups

Within the larger context of commodified medical practice and compromised standards in under-resourced government services, premier government medical colleges are reputed to be the enclaves where ‘scientific medicine’ is practised. In the past decade, these have begun to admit a significant proportion of less socially privileged students. This chapter examines the contribution to the production of knowledge of obstetricians graduating from two such institutions who have returned to the ‘periphery’. These students approach medical education without the cultural resources to engage with medicine as a knowledge system. The focus is on instilling discipline and imparting skill in technique, which students imbibe as protocols, without acquiring a broader understanding of the field, an affinity for research, or an exposure to evidence-based practice. Unable to visualize their practice as a conscious engagement with their context, they define their adaptations as violations of the ‘protocolic practice’, undermining their self-assessment as practitioners of science.

Sachs-Georgi reaction at the site

One of the difficulties in the work of a district doctor is the impossibility, for a number of reasons, to use even such laboratory research data, which, in the conditions of large city medical institutions, are an integral part of a patient's clinical examination. Forced, therefore, when making a diagnosis and subsequent treatment based solely on the existing picture of the disease and anamnesis, the district doctor is thus pushed back decades ago from his urban colleagues, who have the opportunity to use in their daily work many of the most valuable achievements of scientific medicine of the last decades requiring an appropriate laboratory environment. One such achievement is undoubtedly Wassermann's reaction, without which every doctor working in the countryside often has to spend a lot of work and try out methods of treatment before establishing the true etiology of the suffering he is using. The presence of such cases in district practice is all the more inevitable because, as can be judged on the basis of the literature, typical exvisit forms of syphilis in recent years have begun to occur much less frequently, giving way to various manifestations of visceral lues.

The spectrum of pharmacological activity of different groups of natural compounds of laurel leaves and the choice of the optimal extractant for the extraction of essential oil from them

Laurel noble – Laurus nobilis L., a plant whose leaves are widely used in cooking and are used in folk medicine. L. nobilis L. leaves contain more than 80 volatile components, represented mainly by monocyclic monoterpenes. The identification of more and more new therapeutic properties of the plant testifies to its incompletely undisclosed therapeutic potential. However, despite the impressive therapeutic potential of the plant, it is not used in domestic scientific medicine. The aim of the study: To describe the spectrum of types of pharmacological activity of L. nobilis L. and selection of the optimal extractant for the extraction of essential oil from the leaves of the object under study. Materials and methods: Laurel leaves were used as the test material. The essential oil from the leaves was obtained by extraction with freons, which are methoxynonafluorobutane and fluoroketone. The extractant for comparison was n-hexane. The method of studying essential oils was chromatography- mass spectrometry. Chromatography was performed on a gas chromatograph – mass spectrometer – GCMS-QP2010 Ultra, Shimadzu, Japan. Ionization is carried out in the electronic shock mode, detection by the total ionic current (SCAN) in the programmed temperature mode. Results: According to the literature, the essential oil of L. nobilis L. leaves have a pronounced antibacterial, antioxidant and antiinflammatory effect. Polyphenolic compounds of L. nobilis L. leaves are represented by flavonoids, derivatives of kaempferol and quercetin. It is believed that flavonoids are responsible for hypoglycemic, insular protective, antioxidant effects. The results of chromatography showed that the essential oil is represented mainly by 12 compounds, the dominant of which were 1.8-cineole (eucalyptol), alpha-terpenyl acetate and methyleugenol. During chromatography, it was also found that the optimal extractant is methoxynonafluorobutane, which extracts terpenoids with the highest yield. The prospects of using freons as agents for obtaining essential oil from laurel leaves have been shown. The composition of the essential oil isolated by freons from the leaves of laurel was determined by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results of chromatography showed that in the obtained freon extracts, 1.8-cineole (eucalyptol), alpha-terpenyl acetate and methyleugenol were dominant, which is close in composition to the native essential oil, according to literature data. Conclusion: The prospects of using freons as agents for extracting essential oil from L. nobilis L. leaves were shown. During chromatography, it was found that the optimal extractant is methoxynonafluorobutane, which extracts volatile components with the highest yield compared to fluoroketone and n-hexane; in addition, methoxyfluorobutane is non-toxic compared to n-hexane.