Mutual Determination, Concrescence and Transition. Whitehead’s Speculative Conception of Temporal Subjectivity Interpreted from a Merleau-Pontyan Standpoint

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Luca Vanzago ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Material World ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Dual Notion ◽  
Mathematics And Physics ◽  
Processual Approach

The interpretive approach adopted in this paper is influenced by Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy and in particular by his understanding of Nature, which in turn takes into consideration Whitehead’s work. Whitehead’s philosophy of organism is seen by its author as the metaphysical generalization of problems found in his investigation of natural knowledge. Whitehead admits that a speculative approach is necessitated by the very questions arising from the mathematical concepts of the material world and the revolutions undergone in logic, mathematics and physics at the turn of the century.Whitehead’s understanding of nature is framed from the beginning in terms of a processual approach. However, this notion of process is not fully worked out in the epistemological works and requires a metaphysical deepening. This is due to the fact that the notion of duration adopted in the epistemological works is not sufficient to convey the notion of process. This lack of adequacy is coupled by Whitehead with the need to interpret process in terms of experience. In turn, this notion of experience is wider than the usual one, for it implies that there is experience from the lowest levels onwards. Matter itself experiences. Seen in this perspective, reality is thus conceived in terms of a whole in constant change, whose parts are in mutual connection. This conception derives from Whitehead’s criticism of Aristotle’s substantialism and from his preference for a relationist ontology. The outcome of this approach is a speculative conception of reality in terms of a twofold notion of process: concrescence and transition, which Whitehead sees as the two faces of the creative advance of nature. This dual notion of process is interpreted in this essay in a merleau-pontyan perspective.

scholarly journals Compartmental Learning versus Joint Learning in Engineering Education

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
María Jesús Santos ◽  
Alejandro Medina ◽  
José Miguel Mateos Roco ◽  
Araceli Queiruga-Dios
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Mathematical Software ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Joint Learning ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Non Linear Equations ◽  
Mathematics And Physics

Sophomore students from the Chemical Engineering undergraduate Degree at the University of Salamanca are involved in a Mathematics course during the third semester and in an Engineering Thermodynamics course during the fourth one. When they participate in the latter they are already familiar with mathematical software and mathematical concepts about numerical methods, including non-linear equations, interpolation or differential equations. We have focused this study on the way engineering students learn Mathematics and Engineering Thermodynamics. As students use to learn each matter separately and do not associate Mathematics and Physics, they separate each matter into different and independent compartments. We have proposed an experience to increase the interrelationship between different subjects, to promote transversal skills, and to make the subjects closer to real work. The satisfactory results of the experience are exposed in this work. Moreover, we have analyzed the results obtained in both courses during the academic year 2018–2019. We found that there is a relation between both courses and student’s final marks do not depend on the course.

scholarly journals Property, Patronage, and the Politics of Science: The Founding of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

1974 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Shapin
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
System A ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Organizational Demands

The institutionalization of natural knowledge in the form of a scientific society may be interpreted in several ways. If we wish to view science as something apart, unchanging in its intellectual nature, we may regard the scientific enterprise as presenting to the sustaining social system a number of absolute and necessary organizational demands: for example, scientific activity requires acceptance as an important social activity valued for its own sake, that is, it requires autonomy; it is separate from other forms of enquiry and requires distinct institutional modes; it is public knowledge and requires a public, universalistic forum; it is productive of constant change and requires of the sustaining social system a flexibility in adapting to change. Support for such an interpretation may be found in the rise of modern science in seventeenth-century England, France, and Italy and in the accompanying rise of specifically scientific societies. Thus, the founding of the Royal Society of London may be interpreted as the organizational embodiment of immanent demands arising from scientific activity—the cashing of a blank cheque payable to science written on society's current account.

scholarly journals XIV. On mathematical concepts of the material world

1906 ◽  
Vol 205 (387-401) ◽  
pp. 465-525 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Science ◽  
Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Abstract Form ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Material World ◽  
Mathematical Investigation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Set Of Points

The object of this memoir is to initiate the mathematical investigation of various possible ways of conceiving the nature of the material world. In so far as its results are worked out in precise mathematical detail, the memoir is concerned with the possible relations to space of the ultimate entities which (in ordinary language) constitute the “stuff” in space. An abstract logical statement of this limited problem, in the form in which it is here conceived, is as follows: Given a set of entities which form the field of a certain polyadic ( i. e ., many-termed) relation R, what “axioms” satisfied by R have as their consequence, that the theorems of Euclidean geometry are the expression of certain properties of the field of R ? If the set of entities are themselves to be the set of points of the Euclidean space, the problem, thus set, narrows itself down to the problem of the axioms of Euclidean geometry. The solution of this narrower problem of the axioms of geometry is, assumed ( cf . Part II., Concept I.) without proof in the form most convenient for this wider investigation. But in Concepts III., IV., and V., the entities forming the field of R are the “stuff,” or part of the “stuff,” constituting the moving material world. Poincaré has used language which might imply the belief that, with the proper definitions, Euclidean geometry can be applied to express properties of the field of any polyadic relation whatever. His context, however, suggests that his thesis is, that in a certain sense (obvious to mathematicians) the Euclidean and certain other geometries are interchangeable, so that, if one can be applied, then each of the others can also be applied. Be that as it may, the problem, here discussed, is to find various formulations of axioms concerning R, from which, with appropriate definitions, the Euclidean geometry issues as expressing properties of the field of R. In view of the existence of change in the material world, the investigation has to be so conducted as to introduce, in its abstract form, the idea of time, and to provide for the definition of velocity and acceleration. The general problem is here discussed purely for the sake of its logical ( i. e ., mathematical) interest. It has an indirect bearing on philosophy by disentangling the essentials of the idea of a material world from the accidents of one particular concept. The problem might, in the future, have a direct bearing upon physical science if a concept widely different from the prevailing concept could be elaborated, which allowed of a simpler enunciation of physical laws. But in physical research so much depends upon a trained imaginative intuition, that it seems most unlikely that existing physicists would, in general, gain any advantage from deserting familiar habits of thought.

Evangelicals and the Rise of Science

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bruce Hindmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Material World ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Spiritual Senses ◽  
Mechanical Philosophy ◽  
Nature And Grace ◽  
The World

The evangelical devotional attitude passed over into their view of the natural world as radiant with God’s presence. The God of nature and grace invited a response of “wonder, love, and praise”; this led them to perceive God as immediately present in the material world revealed by Newtonian science and described by mechanical philosophy. This is evident in John Wesley’s multifaceted interaction with science as a popular disseminator of natural knowledge, and Jonathan Edwards’s probing of the meaning of the Newtonian postulates. The attitude of worship, recalling the older “harmony of all knowledge,” was manifest especially in the Wesleyan and Edwardsian view of the spiritual senses and their profound rejection of dualism. In Charles Wesley’s poetry too we witness a devout response to the Holy Spirit’s presence in the material world. Instead of reflecting the reductionist “quantifying spirit” of the age, he responded to the world described by science with a unified sensibility.

scholarly journals On mathematical concepts of the material world

1906 ◽  
Vol 77 (517) ◽  
pp. 290-291 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Abstract Form ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Material World ◽  
Mathematical Investigation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Set Of Points

The object of this memoir is to initiate the mathematical investigation of various possible ways of conceiving the nature of the Material World. In so far as its results are worked out in precise mathematical detail, the memoir is concerned with the possible relations to space of the ultimate entities which (in ordinary language) constitute the “stuff” in space. An abstract logical statement of this limited problem, in the form in which it is here conceived, is as follows:—Given a set of entities which form the field of a certain polyadic ( i. e ., many-termed) relation R . What “axioms” satisfied by R have as their consequence that the theorems of Euclidean Geometry are the expression of certain properties of the field of R ? If the set of entities are themselves to be the set of points of the Euclidean Space, the problem, thus set, narrows itself down to the problem of the axioms of Euclidean Geometry. The solution of this narrower problem of the axioms of geometry is assumed ( cf . Part II, Concept I) without proof in the form most convenient for this wider investigation. Poincaré has used language which might imply the belief that, with the proper definitions, Euclidean Geometry can be applied to express properties of the field of any polyadic relation whatever. His context, however, suggests that his thesis is, that in a certain sense (obvious to mathematicians) the Euclidean and certain other geometries are interchangeable, so that, if one can be applied, then each of the others can also be applied. Be that as it may, the problem here discussed is to find various formulations of axioms concerning R , from which, with appropriate definitions, the Euclidean Geometry issues as expressing properties of the field of R . In view of the existence of change in the Material World, the investigation has to be so conducted as to introduce, in its abstract form, the idea of time, and to provide for the definition of velocity and acceleration.

scholarly journals Penguasaan konsep aljabar dan aritmatika untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal fisika dasar

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Sitti Rahmasari
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Method ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Natural Behavior ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Algebraic Concepts ◽  
Mathematics And Physics

Mathematics and physics are closely intertwined because mathematical concepts are used in physics. Physics is a part of science that studies natural behavior through experimental observations and quantitative measurements. Physics uses the language of mathematics to model natural phenomena into mathematical equations, so that in studying physics, mathematical abilities are needed as students' initial abilities in solving physics problems. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive correlation method to analyze the mathematical concepts needed to solve the physical problems of the static electricity material in the Antasari Tadris Physics study program. The results of the study show that there is a high correlation between mastery of arithmetic and algebraic concepts with the ability of students to solve basic physics questions.

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