Screening Test Results Associated With Cancer Diagnoses in 287 Women With Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1533-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaibo Li ◽  
R. Marshall Austin ◽  
Ming Guo ◽  
Chengquan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Context.—The limitations of newer cervical screening tests are still being studied. Objective.—To investigate those limitations, we conducted a retrospective review of 287 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Design.—A search through 5 years of records identified 287 women with cervical SCC diagnoses. Clinical history, histopathology, and liquid-based cytology (ThinPrep) and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) results were documented. Polymerase chain reaction HPV tests were performed on SCC tissues with prior negative HC2 results. Results.—Of 287 women, 156 (54.4%) had abnormal cytology results, and 75 (26.1%) had abnormal clinical findings triggering tissue diagnoses of SCC. Among 156 patients with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test results, more-seriously abnormal Pap test results were reported in 142 women (91.1%). Among 31 women with Pap and HC2 HPV cotesting within 1 year of SCC diagnoses, 28 (90%) were Pap+/HPV+, 2 (15.5%) were Pap+/HPV−, and 1 (3%) was Pap−/HPV−. Two of 3 women with negative HC2 results before SCC diagnosis had abnormal Pap results; 1 had negative Pap reports with questionable lesional cells mimicking atrophy. In all 3 cases of SCC with negative HC2 results, HPV-18 was detected; in 2 cases (66%), HPV-16 was also detected. Conclusions.—Although abnormal cytology preceded most SCC diagnoses, about one-third of patients were referred for diagnostic testing because of clinical suspicion alone. Among 31 SCC cases with liquid-based cytology and high-risk HPV cotest results less than 1 year before SCC diagnoses, 2 patients (6.5%) had Pap+/HPV− results, and 1 patient (3.2%) had Pap−/HPV− results. Polymerase chain reaction detected high-risk HPV DNA in tumor tissues of 3 SCC cases with recent HC2− results.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Female with High-Risk Behaviour in Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Sultana ◽  
Mohsina Huq ◽  
Anadil Alam ◽  
Dipak Kumar Mitra ◽  
Donald James Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Risk Hpv

In developing countries, cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer related to mortality in women. But the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) in different areas of Bangladesh is largely unknown both in risk groups and in the general population. The objective of the present study was to determine the risk factors associated with having HPV and the prevalence of high-risk HPV types among women with highrisk behaviour and to assess its potential impact on preventive strategies as the sex workers are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI), HPV and hence cervical cancer. Cervical swab from 293 sex workers in Dhaka City between August and September 2003 and between February 2005 and May 2006 were screened for HPV DNA using an HPV short fragment (E6) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay. HPV positive samples were genotyped with nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (NMPCR) for the highrisk types. The overall HPV prevalence in sex workers was 75.8%, whereas for the high risk type it was 49.8%. Prevalence of single genotype and multiple types of HPV was 33.1 and 16.7% respectively. The most prevalent high-risk HPV types, in order of prevalence rate, were HPV16, HPV18, HPV58, HPV45, HPV31 and HPV33. Both HPV 16 and HPV 18 were present in 21% of the cases. Targeting HPV 16 and 18 with prophylactic vaccines could possibly have an important impact on the incidence of invasive cervical carcinoma in this group of women. Primary prevention and cervical cancer screening programmes should be optimized more and run yearly among the general population. It is proposed to screen sex workers when they enter prostitution regardless of their age. Keywords: Human papillomavirus (HPV); High-risk HPV types; Cervical cancer; Sex workersDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i1.4861 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 1, June 2008, pp 65-68

Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Epididymis and Ductus Deferens: An Evaluation by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Švec ◽  
Iva Mikyšková ◽  
Ondřej Hes ◽  
Ruth Tachezy
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Ductus Deferens ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Context.—Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play an important role in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The possible role of the male urogenital tract as a reservoir of HPV infection is not fully understood. We inferred from our previous observation of HPV-31 in epididymal tissue in a case of chronic epididymitis that HPV might be commonly present in cases of epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. Objective.—To assess the presence of HPV in the epididymis and ductus deferens in nontuberculous epididymitis. Design.—Epididymal samples obtained from 17 patients and epididymal and ductus deferens samples from 5 patients surgically treated for nontuberculous epididymitis were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV DNA. In positive samples, the HPV type was determined by DNA sequencing. Setting.—Tertiary-care academic hospital and national reference laboratory for papillomaviruses. Results.—Low-risk HPV type 6 and high-risk HPV types 16, 33, 35, 55, and 73 were detected in 7 patients (31%). Neither koilocytes nor dysplastic changes were found in the epididymis and ductus deferens. Conclusion.—Low-risk and high-risk HPV types were detected in the epididymis and ductus deferens of patients with nontuberculous epididymitis. The infection was not accompanied by koilocytic atypia or dysplasia. Our findings support the hypothesis that the male urogenital tract serves as a reservoir of HPV infection.

Evaluation of a New Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Human Papillomavirus Infections in a Referral Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Jentschke ◽  
Philipp Soergel ◽  
Victoria Lange ◽  
Boštjan Kocjan ◽  
Thilo Doerk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Risk Hpv

ObjectivesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) testing is an important part of cervical cancer screening and management of women with atypical screening results. This study was conducted to evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of the Abbott RealTime High-Risk HPV assay (RealTime) in a referral population, in comparison to the Qiagen Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test (hc2).MethodsRealTime is a new polymerase chain reaction assay that detects 14 high-risk HPV genotypes with simultaneous differentiation between HPV 16 and HPV 18. Five hundred forty-five routine cervical smear samples (ThinPrep) from women who were referred to 2 German colposcopy clinics were included in the study. All samples were tested with both assays for the detection of high-risk HPV DNA. Specimens with repeatedly discordant results were genotyped by Linear Array (Roche) and in-house polymerase chain reaction assays.ResultsBoth assays showed excellent overall agreement (92.8%; κ = 0.86) on 545 samples. Analytical sensitivity of RealTime was comparable to that of hc2 (97.6% vs 95.1%,P= 0.189), whereas RealTime demonstrated significantly higher analytical specificity compared with hc2 (100% vs 93.1%,P< 0.0001). RealTime showed no cross-reactivity with untargeted HPV genotypes in this study. The clinical performance of the assays was evaluated based on histology results available from 319 women (90 nonpathological, 73 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 1, 75 CIN 2, 74 CIN 3, and 7 invasive cancers). High-risk HPV detection rates observed in women with CIN 1, CIN 2+, and CIN 3+ diagnosis, respectively, were comparable for both assays: 47.9%, 92.3%, and 97.5% (RealTime) and 47.9%, 92.3%, and 93.8% (hc2). Detection of HPV 16/18 with RealTime was highly correlated with severity of dysplasia: less than CIN 2, 30.5%; CIN 2+, 59.0%; CIN 3+, 71.6%.ConclusionsThese results support the use of RealTime for routine detection of HPV infections in a referral population.

Lack of Association of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in India

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246-1250
Author(s):  
Guru Prasad Manderwad ◽  
Chitra Kannabiran ◽  
Santosh G. Honavar ◽  
Geeta K. Vemuganti
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hela Cell Lines ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cervical Tumors ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Positive Controls

Abstract Context.—Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) represents a spectrum of ocular surface tumors ranging from intraepithelial to invasive. The genesis of OSSN is multifactorial, possibly including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the role of which is controversial. Objective.—To evaluate the role of high-risk HPV16 and HPV18 in OSSN. Design.—Retrospective and prospective noncomparative case series. In this study, histologically proven cases of OSSN were evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections (n = 50) and fresh tissues (n = 7) for the presence of HPV by polymerase chain reaction using MY09/MY11 consensus primers, HPV16 and HPV18 type-specific primers, and in situ hybridization–catalyzed reporter deposition (ISH-CARD). Cervical tumors (n = 19) along with SiHa and HeLa cell lines served as positive controls for HPV analysis. Results.—The study included 48 patients with OSSN who accounted for 57 specimens, with a median patient age of 28.5 years (range, 1.5–70 years). These specimens included 36 squamous cell carcinomas and 21 conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasias. All of the cases were found to be negative for high-risk HPV using polymerase chain reaction and ISH-CARD assay, whereas the SiHa and HeLa cell lines were appropriately positive. Of the cervical tumors that served as positive controls, 18 were positive for HPV16, and 1 was positive for HPV18. Conclusions.—Sensitive, type-specific polymerase chain reaction for detection of HPV16 and HPV18, polymerase chain reaction assay for consensus HPV sequences, and ISH-CARD did not show the presence of high-risk HPV in OSSN. Thus, HPV appears to play no significant role in the etiology of OSSN in India.

The discrimination of high-risk HPV types by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Herrington ◽  
S. M. Anderson ◽  
A. K. Graham ◽  
J. O'D. McGee
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Risk Hpv

The Utility of p16Ink4a in Discriminating Between Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 1 and Nonneoplastic Equivocal Lesions of the Cervix

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-799
Author(s):  
Rachel Redman ◽  
Irina Rufforny ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Edward J. Wilkinson ◽  
Nicole A. Massoll
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Context.—The protein p16Ink4a is overexpressed in cervical lesions associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes 16 and 18, but not in low-risk HPV subtypes 6 and 11 or non–HPV-associated cervical lesions. Objective.—To determine whether p16Ink4a expression in equivocal cervical lesions helps distinguish atypical non-HPV changes from HPV-related changes. Design.—One hundred ninety-one cervical lesions, including 81 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1, 52 squamous metaplasia, 33 cellular features suggestive of HPV-related change, 9 reserve cell hyperplasia, 4 microglandular hyperplasia, and 12 inflammatory cervicitis, were randomly selected from archival cervical biopsy specimens. All 191 samples were studied with p16Ink4a (JC8 monoclonal antibody). Reactivity for p16Ink4a was scored on a 3-tier system as follows: negative, 0% to 5% cells reactive; focal/scattered positive, greater than 5% and less than or equal to 80% cells reactive; diffuse positive, greater than 80% cells reactive. Reactivity was based on normal/reactive cervical specimens where anti-p16 antibody was negative/weakly expressed in non–cervical epithelial cells. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 lesions not reactive for p16Ink4a were investigated for the presence of high-risk HPV by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results.—No p16Ink4a reactivity was detected in the cervical lesions associated with atypical non-HPV change. Eleven of the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 lesions showed focal/scattered reactivity expression for p16Ink4a, and 19 of the CIN 1 lesions had diffuse reactivity. Fifty of 51 of the CIN 1 lesions negative for p16Ink4a were real-time polymerase chain reaction negative for the presence of high-risk HPV; 1 was real-time polymerase chain reaction positive for high-risk HPV. Conclusions.—The data support the routine use of p16Ink4a immunohistochemical evaluation of cervical biopsy specimens for better discrimination of non–HPV-associated lesions from HPV-related lesions.

scholarly journals Performance of the Innova SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid lateral flow test in the Liverpool asymptomatic testing pilot: population based cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta García-Fiñana ◽  
David M Hughes ◽  
Christopher P Cheyne ◽  
Girvan Burnside ◽  
Mark Stockbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Lateral Flow Test

Abstract Objective To assess the performance of the SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid lateral flow test (LFT) versus polymerase chain reaction testing in the asymptomatic general population attending testing centres. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Community LFT pilot at covid-19 testing sites in Liverpool, UK. Participants 5869 asymptomatic adults (≥18 years) voluntarily attending one of 48 testing sites during 6-29 November 2020. Interventions Participants were tested using both an Innova LFT and a quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test based on supervised self-administered swabbing at testing sites. Main outcome measures Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of LFT compared with RT-qPCR in an epidemic steady state of covid-19 among adults with no classic symptoms of the disease. Results Of 5869 test results, 22 (0.4%) LFT results and 343 (5.8%) RT-qPCR results were void (that is, when the control line fails to appear within 30 minutes). Excluding the void results, the LFT versus RT-qPCR showed a sensitivity of 40.0% (95% confidence interval 28.5% to 52.4%; 28/70), specificity of 99.9% (99.8% to 99.99%; 5431/5434), positive predictive value of 90.3% (74.2% to 98.0%; 28/31), and negative predictive value of 99.2% (99.0% to 99.4%; 5431/5473). When the void samples were assumed to be negative, a sensitivity was observed for LFT of 37.8% (26.8% to 49.9%; 28/74), specificity of 99.6% (99.4% to 99.8%; 5431/5452), positive predictive value of 84.8% (68.1% to 94.9%; 28/33), and negative predictive value of 93.4% (92.7% to 94.0%; 5431/5814). The sensitivity in participants with an RT-qPCR cycle threshold (Ct) of <18.3 (approximate viral loads >10 6 RNA copies/mL) was 90.9% (58.7% to 99.8%; 10/11), a Ct of <24.4 (>10 4 RNA copies/mL) was 69.4% (51.9% to 83.7%; 25/36), and a Ct of >24.4 (<10 4 RNA copies/mL) was 9.7% (1.9% to 23.7%; 3/34). LFT is likely to detect at least three fifths and at most 998 in every 1000 people with a positive RT-qPCR test result with high viral load. Conclusions The Innova LFT can be useful for identifying infections among adults who report no symptoms of covid-19, particularly those with high viral load who are more likely to infect others. The number of asymptomatic adults with lower Ct (indicating higher viral load) missed by LFT, although small, should be considered when using single LFT in high consequence settings. Clear and accurate communication with the public about how to interpret test results is important, given the chance of missing some cases, even at high viral loads. Further research is needed to understand how infectiousness is reflected in the viral antigen shedding detected by LFT versus the viral loads approximated by RT-qPCR.

Death and COVID-19 Anxiety in Home-Quarantined Individuals Aged 65 and Over During the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110598
Author(s):  
Hümeyra Aslaner ◽  
Betül Özen ◽  
Zeliha K. Erten ◽  
Mebrure Beyza Gökçek
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

Urgent measures were taken for those at the age of 65 and over who were at the risk group all over the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that many individuals at the age of 65 and over have experienced anxiety due to the uncertainties. This study aimed to determine the anxiety and death anxiety in individuals aged 65 and over who were isolation at home due to being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being in contact during the pandemic process. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. It was performed with 656 home-quarantined individuals aged between 65–80 years with positive or negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result. A form including questions about the death anxiety and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form prepared by the researchers were administered to the individuals by phone call. Of the participants, 49.5% were male. Median COVID-19 anxiety score was 4 (0–18). Anxiety scores of the male and female participants were similar. Participants with negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and those with death anxiety had higher COVID anxiety scores. Death anxiety has increased by 1.661 times in male gender, 1.983 times in RT-PCR positivity and 0.146 times in the presence of symptoms. Individuals with positive COVID-19 test results or those aged 65 and over who had death anxiety and negative COVID-19 test result but who were in home-isolation due to being a contact had higher anxiety score. For this reason, those with death anxiety can be supported in line with their religious beliefs to reduce anxiety. Those with negative PCR test results in quarantine can be adequately informed about the COVID-19.

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