Nonneoplastic Renal Cortical Scarring at Tumor Nephrectomy Predicts Decline in Kidney Function

Context.—Evaluating nontumor portions of tumor nephrectomies is useful to diagnose nonneoplastic renal disease. Objective.—To determine the medical renal disease frequency and to assess the prognostic significance of the various renal pathologic variables with long-term follow-up in tumor nephrectomy patients. Design.—We reviewed nonneoplastic kidney sections of 456 consecutive cases from 1998 to 2008. Seventy-five cases were excluded (19 tumor compression, 25 no nonneoplastic tissue, 22 embolized kidneys, 9 end stage). Special staining, immunofluorescence, and/or electron microscopy was performed where appropriate. Vascular sclerosis was scored from mild to severe; interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy and global glomerulosclerosis (GS) were expressed as percentages. Follow-up, minimum 12 months, was evaluated in 156 cases. All renal pathologic variables were compared with regard to change in creatinine level from preoperative assessment to follow-up. Results.—Of 381 cases, 57 had additional medical renal disease (15%), most frequently diabetic nephropathy (28) and hypertensive nephropathy (11). Postoperative creatinine levels increased significantly in patients with severe arteriosclerosis or arteriolosclerosis, >5% GS, and >10% interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy. Seventy-four percent of cases with additional nonneoplastic diagnoses showed severe arteriolosclerosis. Higher corresponding GS was seen in the more affected vascular cases: mean, 5.56% GS for mild versus 23% GS for severe. Three patients progressed to renal failure 1 to 4 years after nephrectomy, 2 with hypertensive nephrosclerosis and 1 with diabetic nephropathy. Conclusions.—Medical renal disease was identified in 15% of tumor nephrectomy specimens. The degrees of vascular sclerosis, GS, and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy are predictive of elevated creatinine levels in postnephrectomy patients. Prognostic implications of the nontumor pathology are important in nephrectomized patients.

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MO282EARLY RENAL RECOVERY AFTER A FIRST FLARE OF PAUCI IMMUNE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfab104.0040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jeremy Zaworski ◽

Cyrille Vandenbussche ◽

Pierre Bataille ◽

Eric Hachulla ◽

Francois Glowacki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Renal Recovery ◽

Neurological Involvement ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Abstract Background and Aims Renal involvement is a severe manifestation of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Patients often progress to end-stage renal disease. The potential for renal recovery after a first flare has seldom been studied. Our objectives were to describe the evolution of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and identify factors associated with the change in eGFR between diagnosis and follow-up at 3 months (ΔeGFRM0–M3) in a cohort of patients with a first flare of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Methods This was a retrospective study over the period 2003–2018 of incident patients in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France). Patients were recruited if they had a first histologically-proven flare of pauci immune glomerulonephritis with at least 1 year of follow up. Kidney function was estimated with MDRD-equation and analysed at diagnosis, 3rd, 6th and 12th months. The primary outcome was ΔeGFRM0–M3. Factors evaluated were histological (Berden classification, interstitial fibrosis, percentage of crescents), clinical (extra-renal manifestations, sex, age) or biological (severity of acute kidney injury, dialysis, ANCA subtype). Results One hundred and seventy-seven patients were included. The eGFR at 3 months was significantly higher than at diagnosis (mean ± standard deviation, 40 ± 24 vs 28 ± 26 ml/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.001), with a ΔeGFRM0–M3 of 12 ± 19 ml/min/1.73 m2. The eGFR at 12 months was higher than at 3 months (44 ± 13 vs 40 ± 24 ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.003). The factors significantly associated with ΔeGFRM0–M3 in univariate analysis were: sclerotic class according to Berden classification, percentage of interstitial fibrosis, percentage of cellular crescents, acute tubular necrosis, neurological involvement. The factors associated with ΔeGFRM0–M3 in multivariate analysis were the percentage of cellular crescents and neurological involvement. The mean increase in eGFR was 2.90 ± 0.06 ml/min/1.73m2 for every 10-point gain in the percentage of cellular crescents. ΔeGFRM0–M3 was not associated with the risks of end-stage renal disease or death in long-term follow-up. Conclusions Early renal recovery after a first flare of pauci-immune glomerulonephritis occurred mainly in the first three months of treatment. The percentage of cellular crescents was the main independent predictor of early renal recovery.

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P0417THE ABSENCE OF C3 DEPOSIT IN MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY IS ASSOCIATED WITH SPONTANEOUS REMISSION

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0417 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Cristina Rabasco ◽

Ana Martínez ◽

Rosa Ortega ◽

Mario Espinosa

Keyword(s):

Membranous Nephropathy ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽

Spontaneous Remission ◽

Glomerular Sclerosis ◽

Tubular Atrophy ◽

Positive Group ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Abstract Background and Aims Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of biopsied nephrotic syndrome in adults. Recently, it has been reported that the pathogenesis of MN may be associated with an activation of the complement system. The pathway of activation is not clearly established. The intensity of C3 deposition could be a good marker of this activation in MN as has been shown in other diseases (IgA nephropathy, crescentic GN). The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical-pathological data in a cohort of patients with MN and the significance of glomerular C3 staining as a possible predictor of renal outcomes. Method We analysed patients with idiopathic MN biopsied in our department between January 2000 and December 2019, excluding those who had no material for IF (n = 115). The patients were divided into positive (87 cases) and negative (28 cases) based on glomerular C3 deposition. We assessed the clinical and histological characteristics and the percentage of spontaneous remission (SR) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Results A total of 115 patients with MN were followed with a median follow-up of 65 (25-161) months. We found no differences in baseline characteristics between both groups, with the exception that patients with C3 deposit had less albumin at the time of biopsy that negative patients [2.4 (2-2.9) vs 2.8 (2.3-3.1) g/dl, P=0.011)]. Patients with C3-negative had a higher percentage of SR than patients with C3-positive (75 vs 24%, P = 0.000) and less need for immunosuppressive treatment (18 vs 56%, P =0.001). At the most recent follow-up, C3-positive group had higher creatinine [1.42 (0.8-1.7) vs 0.97 (0.71-1) mg/dl, P=0.045] and proteinuria [1.64 (0.08-3.2) vs. 0.62 (0.05-0.79) g / 24h, P = 0.039]. Regarding histology, we found no differences in glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The renal survival analysis showed no statistically significant differences between both groups (P = 0.091). We analysed a subgroup of patients (n = 23) with antibodies against the phospholipase receptor on blood at the time of the biopsy (13/23 were positive). 84% of this positive group presented C3-positive in the renal biopsy vs 25% of the C3-negative group (P =0.008). Conclusion Patients without C3 staining show a higher rate of SR and less need for immunosuppressive treatment than patients with C3-positive. These results would support the theory that complement activation in this entity can play an important role. It is possible that these patients with negative C3 deposit represent a MN with evolution to SR and in these patients and that these patients do not need immunosuppressive treatment.

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Increased urinary miR-196a level predicts the progression of renal injury in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfy326 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 1009-1016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu An ◽

Changming Zhang ◽

Feng Xu ◽

Wei Li ◽

Caihong Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Renal Injury ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Glomerular Sclerosis ◽

Tubular Atrophy ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Abstract Background Recent data suggest that miR-196a is predominantly expressed in the kidney and plays an inhibitory role in the progress of renal interstitial fibrosis (IF). However, the predictive value of miR-196a in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unknown. We validated the role of urinary miR-196a in the progression of renal injury in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Our study included 209 patients with biopsy-proven DN. The mean follow-up time was 54.03 ± 32.94 months. Histological lesions were assessed using the pathological classification established by the Renal Pathology Society. Percentages of IF and tubular atrophy were assessed using the Aperio ScanScope system. We measured the correlation of urinary miR-196a with clinical and pathological parameters using the Spearman’s correlation test. The influence of urinary miR-196a on renal outcomes was assessed using Cox regression analysis. Results Urinary miR-196a levels correlated positively with proteinuria (ρ = 0.385, P < 0.001), duration of diabetes mellitus (ρ = 0.255, P < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (ρ = 0.267, P < 0.001). The baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hemoglobin level showed a negative correlation with urinary miR-196a (ρ = −0.247, P < 0.001 and ρ = −0.236, P = 0.001, respectively). Pathologically, urinary miR-196a levels correlated with glomerular sclerosis and IF in patients with DN. Urinary miR-196a was significantly associated with progression to end-stage renal disease [hazard ratio (HR) 2.03, P < 0.001] and a 40% reduction of baseline eGFR (HR 1.75, P = 0.001), independent of age, gender, body mass index, mean arterial pressure and hemoglobinA1c level. However, urinary miR-196a did not improve predictive power to proteinuria and eGFR in DN patients. Conclusions Increased urinary miR-196a was significantly associated with the progression of renal injury and might be a noninvasive prognostic marker of renal fibrosis in DN patients.

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P0197CLINICAL FRAILTY SCORING IN PATIENTS WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE: A PREDICTOR OF DECLINING HEALTH?

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Lucy Hetherington ◽

Joanna Prentice ◽

Mark Findlay ◽

Tara Collidge

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Clinical Frailty Scale ◽

Simple Method ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

Frailty Score

Abstract Background and Aims The incidence of frailty increases as GFR decreases. In the end stage renal disease (ESRD) population frailty is associated with early mortality, increased hospitalisations, and significant symptom burden. We examined the use of formal frailty scoring and its role in identifying deteriorating patients with advanced renal disease. Method The Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) has high inter-rater reliability and correlates well with objective measures of frailty. We introduced routine recording of the CFS from January 2018 in the renal electronic record for patients on hospital haemodialysis therapy and those undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT) planning. Based on CFS scoring patients were divided into ‘frail’ (CFS≥6) or ‘robust’ based (CFS<6) and patient demographics are described. The association of being ‘frail’ or a decline in score with mortality at seven months were described using adjusted logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 1663 scores were recorded in 800 patients. 57.3% of patients were male. The median age at entry date was 66 (IQR 55,75) years. The median CFS score was 4 (IQR 3,5). At follow-up 74 (9.3%) had died. The median score prior to death was 5.5. 182 (22.8%) were ‘frail’. During the study period 469 patients had more than one score documented. Death at follow-up was more common in those who were ‘frail’, 20.9 vs 5.8%, p<0.001. Patients who were deceased at follow-up were more likely to have had a deterioration in frailty score, 51.9% vs 24.4%, p=0.002. Being ‘frail’ or having a deteriorating frailty score was associated with death at seven-month follow-up independent of age, sex or diabetic nephropathy status. Conclusion The presence of ‘frailty’ as measured by CFS, or deterioration in CFS is associated with death at follow-up, independent of age, sex or diabetic nephropathy. Routine monitoring of frailty using the CFS provides a simple method to identify patients who are deteriorating and at risk of death. High or deteriorating CFS score should trigger clinical review and anticipatory care planning where appropriate.

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Depression is associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes

10.2337/figshare.13073387 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aila J. Ahola ◽

Valma Harjutsalo ◽

Carol Forsblom ◽

François Pouwer ◽

Per-Henrik Groop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between depression and diabetic nephropathy progression in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from 3730 participants without end-stage renal disease at baseline, participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study, were included. Depression was assessed in three ways. Depression diagnoses were obtained from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. Antidepressant agent purchase data were obtained from the Drug Prescription Register. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Based on their urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) participants were classified into those with normal AER, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Progression from normal AER to either microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, or end-stage renal disease; or from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria or ESRD; or from macroalbuminuria to ESRD, during the follow-up period was investigated. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up period of 9.6 years, renal status deteriorated in 18.4% of the participants. Diagnosed depression and antidepressant purchases before baseline were associated with 53% and 32% increased risk of diabetic nephropathy progression, respectively. Diagnosed depression assessed during follow-up remained associated with increased risk of disease progression (32%). BDI-derived symptoms of depression showed no association with the progression, but the total number of antidepressant purchases modestly reduced the risk [0.989 (0.982–0.997), P=0.008]. Dividing the sample based on median age, the observations followed those seen in the whole group. However, symptoms of depression additionally predicted progression in those ≤36.5 years. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosed depression and antidepressant purchases are associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. Whether successful treatment of depression reduces the risk needs to be determined.

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Glycosuria in primary glomerulopathies: prevalence and prognostic significance

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2021-0115 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Ormonde ◽

Ivo Laranjinha ◽

Célia Gil ◽

Margarida Gonçalves ◽

August a Gaspar

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Renal Outcome ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Tubular Damage ◽

Tubular Dysfunction ◽

Tubular Atrophy ◽

Glomerular Diseases ◽

Transplant Patients

Abstract Introduction: Tubular damage is common in glomerular diseases (GD). Glycosuria is a marker of tubular dysfunction and may be used to detect tubular lesion and CKD progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic value of glycosuria at the time of diagnosis in primary glomerulopathies (PG). Methods: We conducted a 24-month retrospective study in patients diagnosed with PG in our center between 2009 and 2020. We excluded diabetic patients, use of SGLT2 inhibitors, transplant patients, and secondary GD. Patients were divided in two groups according to their glycosuria status at diagnosis. Results: We studied 115 patients. Global prevalence of glycosuria was 10% (n=11) and membranous nephropathy (MN) had the highest prevalence (n=5, 17.9%). We found that patients with glycosuria had higher serum creatinine (2.4 vs. 1.2 mg/dL, p=0.030), higher albuminuria (4.8 vs. 1.9 g/g, p=0.004), and lower serum albumin (2.3 vs. 3.2 g/dL, p=0.021). We did not find association with histological prognostic factors. At the end of follow-up, patients with glycosuria had higher prevalence of the composite outcome of stage 5D CKD or 50% increase in basal SCr (45.5% vs. 17.3%, p=0.037). In patients with MN, results were similar but we were able to find an association of glycosuria with more severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (25.0 vs. 0.0 %, p=0.032). Conclusion: Ten percent of our patients with PG have glycosuria. Glycosuria at the time of diagnosis was associated with more severe clinical presentation and worst renal outcome. The association with higher albuminuria suggests that tubular function has an impact on the severity and outcomes of PG.

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Renal transplant improves pulmonary hypertension in patients with end stage renal disease

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.4081/mrm.2011.436 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Serife Savas Bozbas ◽

Suleyman Kanyilmaz ◽

Sule Akcay ◽

Huseyin Bozbas ◽

Cihan Altin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Renal Transplant ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Preoperative Assessment ◽

Post Transplant ◽

Transplant Evaluation ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is present in a sig- nificant proportion of patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and is of prognostic importance. Data on the effect of renal transplant on PH is very limited. In this study, the aim was to examine the effect of renal transplant on systolic pul- monary artery pressure (SPAP) determined by Doppler echocardiography. Methods: Analysis was performed on the records of 500 con- secutive patients who underwent renal transplant at our cen- ter between the years 1999 to 2008. The prevalence of PH in the preoperative assessment period was established. Patients were diagnosed as having PH when measured SPAP values were > 35 mm Hg. Results: Pulmonary hypertension was detected in 85 of the 500 (17%) patients under pre-transplant evaluation. At post-transplant follow up Doppler echocardiographic exam- ination was performed on 50 of the 85 patients. After exclu- sion of 8 cases (1 due to massive pulmonary thromboem- boli; 7 due to graft failure requiring dialysis therapy) analy- ses were performed on 42 patients who had undergone both pre- and post-transplant echocardiographic examination. Mean SPAP at pre-transplant evaluation was 45.9 ± 8.8 mm Hg and in 6 (14.3%) cases SPAP was above 50 mm Hg. Compared to pre-transplant values, a significant decrease was observed in mean SPAP values in an average of 53 months of postoperative follow up (41.8 ± 7.4 mm Hg vs. 45.9 ± 8.8 mm Hg, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that patients with ESRD accompanied by PH may benefit from renal transplant. Further research is required for more concrete conclusions to be drawn on this subject.

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Depression is associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes

10.2337/figshare.13073387.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aila J. Ahola ◽

Valma Harjutsalo ◽

Carol Forsblom ◽

François Pouwer ◽

Per-Henrik Groop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Renal Disease ◽

End Stage Renal Disease ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

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More than ancillary records: clinical implications of renal pathology examination in tumor nephrectomy specimens

Journal of Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s40620-021-01030-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Philipp Kläger ◽

Ahmad Al-Taleb ◽

Mladen Pavlovic ◽

Andrea Haitel ◽

Eva Comperat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Renal Pathology ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Renal Tumors ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Neoplastic Tissue ◽

Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽

Hypertensive Nephropathy ◽

Tumor Nephrectomy

Abstract Background Nephrectomy is the management of choice for the treatment of renal tumors. Surgical pathologists primarily focus on tumor diagnosis and investigations relating to prognosis or therapy. Pathological changes in non-neoplastic tissue may, however, be relevant for further management and should be thoroughly assessed. Methods Here, we examined the non-neoplastic renal parenchyma in 206 tumor nephrectomy specimens for the presence of glomerular, tubulo-interstitial, or vascular lesions, and correlated them with clinical parameters and outcome of renal function. Results We analyzed 188 malignant and 18 benign or pseudo-tumorous lesions. The most common tumor type was clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC, n = 106) followed by papillary or urothelial carcinomas (n = 25). Renal pathology examination revealed the presence of kidney disease in 39 cases (18.9%). Glomerulonephritis was found in 15 cases (7.3%), and the most frequent was IgA nephropathy (n = 6; 2.9%). Vasculitis was found in two cases (0.9%). In 15 cases we found tubulo-interstitial nephritis, and in 9 severe diabetic or hypertensive nephropathy. Partial nephrectomy was not linked to better eGFR at follow-up. Age, vascular nephropathy, glomerular scarring and interstitial fibrosis were the leading independent negative factors influencing eGFR at time of surgery, whereas proteinuria was associated with reduced eGFR at 1 year. Conclusion Our large study population indicates a high incidence of renal diseases potentially relevant for the postoperative management of patients with renal neoplasia. Consistent and systematic reporting of non-neoplastic renal pathology in tumor nephrectomy specimens should therefore be mandatory.

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Identifying patients with CKD risk at the time of nephrectomy: When to initiate nephrology consult

Journal of Onco-Nephrology ◽

10.1177/23993693211031918 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 239936932110319

Author(s):

Yihe Yang ◽

Zachary Kozel ◽

Purva Sharma ◽

Oksana Yaskiv ◽

Jose Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Radical Nephrectomy ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Kidney Neoplasm ◽

Tubular Atrophy ◽

Independent Risk Factors

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high among kidney neoplasm patients because of the overlapping risk factors. Our purpose is to identify kidney cancer survivors with higher CKD risk. Methods: We studied a retrospective cohort of 361 kidney tumor patients with partial or radical nephrectomy. Linear mixed model was performed. Results: Of patients with follow-up >3 months, 84% were identified retrospectively to fulfill criteria for CKD diagnosis, although CKD was documented in only 15%. Urinalysis was performed in 205 (57%) patients at the time of nephrectomy. Multivariate analysis showed interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) >25% ( p = 0.005), severe arteriolar sclerosis ( p = 0.013), female gender ( p = 0.024), older age ( p = 0.012), BMI ⩾ 25 kg/m2 ( p < 0.001), documented CKD ( p < 0.001), baseline eGFR ⩽ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ( p < 0.001), and radical nephrectomy ( p < 0.001) were independent risk factors of lower eGFR at baseline and during follow-up. Average eGFR decreased within 3 months post nephrectomy. However, patients with different risk levels showed different eGFR time trend pattern at longer follow-ups. Multivariate analysis of time × risk factor interaction showed BMI, radical nephrectomy and baseline eGFR had time-dependent impact. BMI ⩾ 25 kg/m2 and radical nephrectomy were associated with steeper eGFR decrease slope. In baseline eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 group, eGFR rebounded to pre-nephrectomy levels during extended follow-up. In partial nephrectomy patients with baseline eGFR ⩾ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 ( n = 61), proteinuria ( p < 0.001) and BMI ( p < 0.001) were independent risk factors of decreased eGFR during follow up. Conclusions: As have been suggested by others and confirmed by our study, proteinuria and CKD are greatly under-recognized. Although self-evident as a minimum workup for nephrectomy patients to include SCr, eGFR, urinalysis, and proteinuria, the need for uniform applications of this practice should be reinforced. Non-neoplastic histology evaluation is valuable and should include an estimate of global sclerosis% (GS) and IFTA%. Patients with any proteinuria and/or eGFR ⩽ 60 at the time of nephrectomy or in follow-up with urologists, and/or >25% GS or IFTA, should be referred for early nephrology consultation.

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