scholarly journals Data Sets for the Reporting of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: Recommendations From The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Louis ◽  
Pieter Wesseling ◽  
Sebastian Brandner ◽  
Daniel J. Brat ◽  
David W. Ellison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Pathology Reporting ◽  
Cancer Reporting

Context.— Standards for pathology reporting of cancer are foundational to national and international benchmarking, epidemiology, and clinical trials, with international standards for pathology reporting of cancer being undertaken through the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR). Objective.— To develop standardized templates for brain tumor diagnostic pathology reporting. Design.— As a response to the 2016 updated 4th edition of the WHO (World Health Organization) Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System (2016 CNS WHO), an expert ICCR committee developed data sets to facilitate reporting of brain tumors that are classified histologically and molecularly by the 2016 CNS WHO; as such, this represents the first combined histologic and molecular ICCR data set, and required a novel approach with 3 highly related data sets that should be used in an integrated manner. Results.— The current article and accompanying ICCR Web site describe reporting data sets for central nervous system tumors in the hope that they provide easy-to-use and highly reproducible means to issue diagnostic reports in consort with the 2016 CNS WHO. Conclusions.— The consistent use of these templates will undoubtedly prove useful for patient care, clinical trials, epidemiologic studies, and monitoring of neuro-oncologic care around the world.

scholarly journals Rapid multi-directed cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhosh Sethuramanujam ◽  
Akihiro Matsumoto ◽  
Geoff deRosenroll ◽  
Benjamin Murphy-Baum ◽  
J Michael McIntosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cholinergic Transmission ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Mechanisms

AbstractIn many parts of the central nervous system, including the retina, it is unclear whether cholinergic transmission is mediated by rapid, point-to-point synaptic mechanisms, or slower, broad-scale ‘non-synaptic’ mechanisms. Here, we characterized the ultrastructural features of cholinergic connections between direction-selective starburst amacrine cells and downstream ganglion cells in an existing serial electron microscopy data set, as well as their functional properties using electrophysiology and two-photon acetylcholine (ACh) imaging. Correlative results demonstrate that a ‘tripartite’ structure facilitates a ‘multi-directed’ form of transmission, in which ACh released from a single vesicle rapidly (~1 ms) co-activates receptors expressed in multiple neurons located within ~1 µm of the release site. Cholinergic signals are direction-selective at a local, but not global scale, and facilitate the transfer of information from starburst to ganglion cell dendrites. These results suggest a distinct operational framework for cholinergic signaling that bears the hallmarks of synaptic and non-synaptic forms of transmission.

scholarly journals Convection-enhanced delivery to the central nervous system

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell R. Lonser ◽  
Malisa Sarntinoranont ◽  
Paul F. Morrison ◽  
Edward H. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Convective Flow ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Convection Enhanced Delivery ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Real Time Tracking

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a bulk flow–driven process. Its properties permit direct, homogeneous, targeted perfusion of CNS regions with putative therapeutics while bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Development of surrogate imaging tracers that are co-infused during drug delivery now permit accurate, noninvasive real-time tracking of convective infusate flow in nervous system tissues. The potential advantages of CED in the CNS over other currently available drug delivery techniques, including systemic delivery, intrathecal and/or intraventricular distribution, and polymer implantation, have led to its application in research studies and clinical trials. The authors review the biophysical principles of convective flow and the technology, properties, and clinical applications of convective delivery in the CNS.

scholarly journals Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Occurring in the Third Ventricle

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Sanghyeon Kim ◽  
Myongjin Kang ◽  
Sunseob Choi ◽  
Dae Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
World Health ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health Organization

Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a rare central nervous system tumor that has been included in the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Due to its more aggressive behavior, PMA is classified as Grade II neoplasm by the World Health Organization. PMA predominantly affects the hypothalamic/chiasmatic region and occurs in children (mean age of occurrence = 10 months). We report a case of a 24-year-old man who presented with headache, nausea, and vomiting. Brain CT and MRI revealed a mass occupying only the third ventricle. We performed partial resection. Histological findings, including monophasic growth with a myxoid background, and absence of Rosenthal fibers or eosinophilic granular bodies, as well as the strong positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein were consistent with PMA.

The 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumours of the central nervous system

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e187-e200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Villa ◽  
Catherine Miquel ◽  
Dominic Mosses ◽  
Michèle Bernier ◽  
Anna Luisa Di Stefano
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Classification ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health Organization

A Strategy to Develop a Finite Element Model to Represent Backflow During Infusions Into Brain Tissue

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Belly Molano ◽  
José Jaime García ◽  
Joshua H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Convection Enhanced Delivery ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Convection-enhanced delivery is a means to deliver therapeutic agents directly into brain tissue for the treatment of brain tumors and other disorders of the central nervous system. Unfortunately, recent clinical trials have demonstrated limited efficacy of this procedure and suggested that one of the main obstacles is poor distribution of the infused agent [1].

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