scholarly journals BCR-ABL1–like B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Jain ◽  
Anu Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Context.— In the 2016 update of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic neoplasms, BCR-ABL1–like B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) is added as a new provisional entity that lacks the BCR-ABL1 translocation but shows a pattern of gene expression very similar to that seen in B-ALL with BCR-ABL1. Objective.— To review the kinase-activating alterations and the diagnostic approach for BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL. Data Sources.— We provide a comprehensive review of BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL based on recent literature and the 2016 update of the World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. Conclusions.— Several types of kinase-activating alterations (fusions or mutations) are identified in BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL. The main categories are alterations in the ABL class family of genes, encompassing ABL1, ABL2, PDGFRB, PDGFRA (rare), and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) fusions, or the JAK2 class family of genes, encompassing alterations in JAK2, CRLF2, EPOR, and other genes in this pathway. These alterations determine the sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. As a wide variety of genomic alterations are included in this category, the diagnosis of BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL is extremely complex. Stepwise algorithms and comprehensive unbiased testing are the 2 ways to approach the diagnosis of BCR-ABL1–like B-ALL.

scholarly journals Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Classification, Clinical features and Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Fatimah Kadhim Ibrahim AL- Mahdawi ◽  
◽  
Mazin Razooqi Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Leukemias are classified as lymphoid or myeloid, dependent on the type of stem cell that is affected. In addition, leukemia is classified as chronic or acute. Acute leukemia is a production of bone marrow-derived immature cells (blasts), include solid organs or peripheral blood. The FAB Cooperative Group original classification scheme proposed to divide1 ALL into three subtypes (L1 - L3). Currently, the world health organization (WHO), modify FAB classification depending on immunophenotype. Symptoms presence of anemia, splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia, and those are naturally present at diagnosis, indicating the degree to which leukemic lymphoblasts have replaced the bone marrow and the first mark to an ALL diagnosis is typically an abnormal complete blood count result. Objective: To introduce causes of acute lymphocytic leukemia, recent classification methods, diagnosis, and symptoms and diagnosis. Conclusion: Acute lymphocytic leukemia occurs due to a defect in the bone marrow and is classified into several types. The most important classification by the World Health Organization is depending on immunophenotype. The main symptoms are the increase in white blood cells with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Keywords: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Blood

What's in a Name?

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc J. Tassé
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
The World ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) is in the process of developing the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–11). Part of this process includes replacing mental retardation with a more acceptable term to identify the condition. The current international consensus appears to be replacing mental retardation with intellectual disability. This article briefly presents some of the issues involved in changing terminology and the constraints and conventions that are specific to the ICD.

scholarly journals Recently Described and Clinically Important Entities in Testis Tumors: A Selective Review of Changes Incorporated Into the 2016 Classification of the World Health Organization

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Ulbright
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sertoli Cell Tumor ◽  
Trophoblastic Tumor ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Context.— In 2016 the World Health Organization published a revised classification of testicular neoplasms based upon advances in understanding their pathogenesis and molecular biology. The rationale for this revision and additional clinically relevant observations were the topics of a talk given to the Houston Society of Clinical Pathologists in April 2017. This paper summarizes that talk. Objective.— To summarize and explain the most important changes to the classification of testicular neoplasms in the World Health Organization 2016 revision. Data Sources.— Peer-reviewed published literature and contributions by individuals with expertise in this area that were also reviewed by genitourinary pathologists. Conclusions.— Most changes occurred in the germ cell tumor classification, including replacement of the terms intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified and carcinoma in situ by germ cell neoplasia in situ; subdivision of the tumors into 2 main categories, those derived from germ cell neoplasia in situ and those not derived from germ cell neoplasia in situ; distinction of germ cell neoplasia in situ from germ cells with delayed maturation and pre–germ cell neoplasia in situ; expansion of the trophoblastic tumor category to include epithelioid trophoblastic tumor and cystic trophoblastic tumor; and substitution of spermatocytic tumor for spermatocytic seminoma and its placement in the non–germ cell neoplasia in situ group. Other revisions included eliminating sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor as a distinct entity; the recognition of intratubular hyalinizing Sertoli cell tumor; and acceptance of the role of undifferentiated gonadal tissue in the pathogenesis of gonadoblastoma.

Investigation of the Applicability of Histological Classification of Bronchial Carcinoma According to the World Health Organization

1989 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-582
Author(s):  
Mirjana Čačić ◽  
Božidar Oberman ◽  
Gordan Dvornik
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bronchial Carcinoma ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
World Health ◽  
Histological Classification ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

According to the World Health Organization histological classification of bronchial tumors, clear and giant cell carcinomas are two subtypes of large cell carcinoma. As clear and giant cells can also be observed in other types of bronchial carcinoma, we investigated the frequency of the finding of these cells in different histological types. The tumor size and degree of differentiation, the amount of necrosis and keratinization, and the presence of giant and clear cells were analyzed. Statistical analysis by χ2 test showed (for all classified histological types of bronchial carcinomas, except small cell carcinoma) that: 1) larger tumors had a great quantity of giant cells (P < 0.05; P < 0.01), 2) large tumors had more clear cells (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) and 3) tumors with a greater amount of necrosis had a larger number of giant and clear cells (P<0.05; P < 0.01). Findings of an identical cytological characteristic can cause some difficulty in determination of bronchial cancer.

Neurorehabilitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 440-444
Author(s):  
Billie A. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Congenital Disorders ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Physical medicine and rehabilitation—physiatry—is the medical specialty focusing on the restoration of functional status of patients with musculoskeletal, nervous system, or congenital disorders. The World Health Organization defined disability and created the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. With this classification, a physiatrist addresses the 3 domains of disability: impairment, activity limitation, and restricted participation.

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