Reporters sans frontieres: freedom of the press throughout the world: report, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (06) ◽  
pp. 31-3093-31-3093
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
World Report

scholarly journals A day for freedom

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-85
Author(s):  
Reporters Sans Frontieres
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

On 3 May 1996, International Press Freedom Day, Reporters Sans Frontieres published its seventh Annual report on freedom of the press throughout the world, which gave an account of infringements of the right to be informed in 149 countries.    

The Dominant American View of Freedoms of Press and Speech, in the Decade Leading Up to Ratification of the Federal Bill of Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-336
Author(s):  
Wendell Bird
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Narrow View ◽  
The Press ◽  
Freedom Of Press ◽  
The World

In the 1780s in America, the advocates of broad understandings of freedom of press and freedom of speech continued to argue, as “Junius Wilkes” did in 1782, that “[i]f a printer is liable to prosecution and restraint, for publishing pieces on public measures, conceived libellous, the liberty of the press is annihilated and ruined. . . . The danger is precisely the same to liberty, in punishing a person after the performance appears to the world, as in preventing its publication in the first instance. The doctrine of libels, is of pernicious consequence to the freedom of the press.” Many other essays in the 1780s showed the dominance of an expansive understanding of freedoms of press and speech, as did the declarations of rights of nine states. That was the context in which the First Amendment was adopted and ratified in 1789–1791. These conclusions about the prevalent and dominant understanding after the mid-1760s are flatly contrary to the narrow view of freedoms of press and speech stated by Blackstone and Mansfield, and restated by the neo-Blackstonians, who claim that the narrow understanding was not only predominant but exclusive through the ratification of the First Amendment and onward until 1798. This book’s conclusions are based on far more original source material than the neo-Blackstonians’ conclusions.

The Media

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Baker
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Legal Responses ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Media

Authoritarian regimes regularly rely on murdering journalists, jailing editors, and censoring the media to remain in power and to carry out their objectives. In 2001, thirty-seven journalists were reportedly killed in connection with their work, two-thirds apparently by governments or their supporters who did not like to take the heat of criticism. Ruling elites in market-economy democratic states primarily rely instead on owning or controlling the media or creating conditions in which the media naturally represent the world in a manner congenial to these elites' interests. This article is organized as follows. Section 1 describes debates concerning the normative premises for freedom of the press, premises that reject the censorship required by authoritarian regimes and occasionally imposed by democratic states. Section 2 describes the more pragmatic controversies centring on legal responses to the more indirect democratic threats posed by ruling elites in democratic market societies. Beyond the rejection of overt censorship, it discusses the debates over what legal treatment of the press best supports democracy while appropriately taking account of other societal needs.

scholarly journals People, News and Government

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Charles Maino
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Rough Handling ◽  
The Right

Like all rights and freedoms, freedom of the press sometimes gets a rough handling by various authorities and governments throughout the world. In the Pacific, the right must be preserved for the interests of the people.

scholarly journals REVIEW: When journalists are reluctant to write about the travails of a troubled trade

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
David Robie
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
New York Times ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Correspondent ◽  
Better Than

Review of Attacks on the Press in 2002, Committee to Protect Journalists, New York, 2003. Freedom of the Press throughout the World, 2003, Reporters Sans Frontières, Paris, 2003. Live News: A survival Guide for journalists, International Federation of Journalists, Brussels, 2003. Dangerous Assignments: covering the Iraq War, Committee to Protect Journalists, New York, 2002. When the press come under attack, many reporters find themsevles in a dilemma, notes foreign correspondent Serge Schmemann, a member of The New York Times' editorial board. Writing the preface to the annual New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists' Attacks on the Press for volume 2002, he reminds journalists of who knows better than the failings of the press than they do. 

The Fake News about Fake News

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
David Coady
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Public Speech ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Opinion ◽  
Fixed Function

It is widely believed that we are facing a problem, caused by something called ‘fake news’. Governments and other powerful institutions around the world have adopted a variety of measures to restrict the reporting and dissemination of claims they deem to be fake news. Many of these measures are clear breaches of fundamental rights, including freedom of speech and freedom of the press. This chapter arsgues that, contrary to common opinion, there is no new or growing problem of fake news. There is instead a new and growing problem caused by the term ‘fake news’. Although this term has no fixed meaning it does have a fixed function. It functions to restrict permissible public speech and opinion in ways that serve the interests of powerful people and institutions.

scholarly journals Imprensa brasileira: história e legislação – possibilidades e desafios das fontes documentais

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (196) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Müller
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Conflicting Interests ◽  
The Law ◽  
Written Word

A Lei nº 9.831, de 13 de setembro de 1999, que altera o Dia da Imprensa de 10 de setembro para 1º de julho, suscita o debate quanto à data de instalação da imprensa no Brasil. Em março de 1817, eclodiu a Revolução Pernambucana que, embora derrotada, contribuiu com três inovações no que se refere à história jurídica e da imprensa nacionais: apresentou um projeto de Constituição contendo um artigo que garantia a liberdade de imprensa, usou a imprensa para difundir suas propostas e pretendia mudar o mundo por meio da palavra escrita. Desde a primeira Constituinte, o reconhecimento da liberdade de imprensa e seu exercício tiveram convivência conflitiva. Paralelamente às oito Constituições outorgadas ou promulgadas desde a Independência, o Brasil teve nove "Leis de Imprensa". Tramitam no Congresso Nacional várias propostas de Lei Imprensa Democrática, desde 1991, e, não obstante os debates e a farta documentação gerados, as circunstâncias da origem de tais projetos e a demora na tramitação do texto original permanecem obscuros. Palavras-chave: imprensa; abordagem histórica. Abstract The Law n. 9831, of 13th September, 1999, which alters the Day of the Press from the 10th of September to the 1st of July, raises the debate regarding the date of the installation of the press in Brazil. In March, 1817, the Revolution in the State of Pernambuco burst and although it was defeated, one presented a project of Constitution containing an article that guaranteed the freedom of the press, one used the press to spread its propositions and one intended to change the world by means of the written word. Since the first Constitution, the recognition of the freedom of the press and its exercise had conflicting interests. Parallel to the eight Constitutions sanctioned or promulgated since the Independence, Brazil had nine "Laws of the Press". Many propositions of the Democratic Press Law are being carried out in the National Congress, since 1991, and, in spite of the debates and the various documents generated, the circumstances of the origin of such projects and the delay in the procedural steps of the original text remain obscure. Keywords: press; historical approach.

Freedom of the Press

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris A. Graber
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
Freedom Of The Press ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Freedom of the press has become a popular idea throughout the world. The promise of free expression, however, is not necessarily realized when governments feel that security and stability are threatened. This chapter explains the concept of freedom of the press. The theories and assumptions about freedom of the press, balancing conflicting rights, and societal constraints are reviewed. The chapter then shows how that concept is implemented, discussing legal, political, and economic factors for evaluation. The environmental factors are compared, and the reason behind press freedom violations by governments is discussed. Questions for the future of research on freedom of the press are offered.

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